CN111640902A - Preparation process of lithium battery diaphragm - Google Patents
Preparation process of lithium battery diaphragm Download PDFInfo
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- CN111640902A CN111640902A CN202010513047.3A CN202010513047A CN111640902A CN 111640902 A CN111640902 A CN 111640902A CN 202010513047 A CN202010513047 A CN 202010513047A CN 111640902 A CN111640902 A CN 111640902A
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- lithium battery
- membrane
- fiber membrane
- diaphragm
- battery diaphragm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a membrane casting solution; secondly, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane; thirdly, baking at high temperature; and fourthly, coating the ceramic material on the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber membrane. According to the invention, by modifying polyimide, soft segment can be introduced into a polyimide molecular chain, so that the flexibility of the polyimide molecular chain is improved, the flexibility of a fiber membrane is improved, polyethylene glycol is combined with a membrane substrate in a chemical bonding mode, and the membrane has higher binding force, the solvent resistance and the high temperature resistance of the polyethylene glycol are improved, so that the membrane has high-efficiency and lasting ionic conductivity; in addition, the ceramic material is coated on the surface of the polyimide fiber membrane, so that the pore diameter of the diaphragm can be effectively reduced, the average pore diameter of the diaphragm is about 0.1 mu m, the pore diameter distribution is uniform, and the service performance of the lithium battery diaphragm is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium battery production, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm.
Background
Lithium batteries are mainly used for consumer lithium batteries, power batteries and industrial energy storage, and occupy an important circle in the whole new energy industry. The technical application of the lithium battery on energy storage mainly surrounds the fields of power grid energy storage, base station standby power supplies, household light storage systems, electric vehicle charging stations and the like, the lithium battery has high specific energy and energy density, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect and no pollution to the environment, and the performance of the lithium battery is superior to that of other energy storage battery types in all aspects. The performance of the diaphragm, which is one of the key components of the inner layer of the lithium battery, determines the interface structure, internal resistance and the like of the battery, and directly influences the capacity, service life, safety and other characteristics of the battery. The diaphragm with excellent performance can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the lithium battery.
The Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201810752357.3 discloses a preparation method of a multi-stage safety protection lithium battery diaphragm and a lithium battery diaphragm, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out double-screw or single-screw casting coextrusion on polypropylene and polyethylene materials to form a film, and preparing a double-layer casting film consisting of a PP layer and a PE layer with the thickness of 10-40 microns; (2) annealing the prepared double-layer casting film at the high temperature of 100-135 ℃ to form regular platelets; (3) laminating and compounding 4-32 annealed double-layer casting films, and stretching and forming holes together, wherein the stretching ratio is 1.5-3.0 times; (4) layering the multi-layer diaphragm after the stretching and hole forming, and stripping a double-layer film consisting of a PP layer and a PE layer; (5) and forming a high-temperature resistant layer on the surface of the PE layer of the double-layer film consisting of the PP layer and the PE layer. Although the polyolefin diaphragm formed by compounding PP and PE has certain temperature resistance, the polyolefin diaphragm has larger aperture, particles in positive and negative electrode materials easily enter the inside of the diaphragm under the action of extrusion and the like to cause a micro short circuit phenomenon, and the electronic conductivity of the diaphragm is not durable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm, which is characterized in that polyimide is modified, so that a soft segment can be introduced into a polyimide molecular chain, the flexibility of the polyimide molecular chain is improved, the flexibility of a fiber membrane is improved, polyethylene glycol is combined with a membrane substrate in a chemical bonding mode, higher binding force is achieved, the solvent resistance and high temperature resistance of the polyethylene glycol are improved, and the diaphragm has high-efficiency and lasting ionic conductivity; in addition, the ceramic material is coated on the surface of the polyimide fiber membrane, so that the pore diameter of the diaphragm can be effectively reduced, the average pore diameter of the diaphragm is about 0.1 mu m, the pore diameter distribution is uniform, and the service performance of the lithium battery diaphragm is improved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
dissolving modified polyimide in N-methyl pyrrolidone, fully stirring and dissolving, vacuumizing and defoaming by using a vacuum pump to obtain a casting solution with the mass fraction of the modified polyimide being 20-25%, and storing the casting solution at 2-3 ℃;
secondly, performing electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution under the conditions that the spinning voltage is-4 to 22kV, the solution propelling speed is 10mL/h, and the room temperature and the humidity are lower than 50% to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane;
thirdly, placing the nanofiber membrane in a high-temperature oven, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3.5 ℃/min, keeping for 8-10min, stopping heating after the reaction is finished, and taking out the nanofiber membrane after the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the fiber membrane;
and fourthly, placing the fiber membrane on a coating machine, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane by using a 4-micron concave roller, baking for 3-4min at 100 ℃, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the back surface of the fiber membrane by adopting the same method, and baking to obtain the lithium battery diaphragm.
Further, the mass fraction of the boehmite ceramic slurry is 40%, and the boehmite particle size is 300-500 nm.
Further, the modified polyimide is prepared by the following method:
1) drying 3,3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane and 3,3 ', 4,4 ' -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 3-4h, mixing according to the mass ratio of 1:1.005, adding the mixture into a three-neck flask containing N-methylpyrrolidone in batches, and reacting in an ice-water bath for 12h under the nitrogen atmosphere to form viscous liquid;
2) adding polyethylene glycol into the viscous liquid, adding a mixed solution of acetic anhydride and pyridine, removing the ice-water bath, reacting for 18h, slowly pouring the product into deionized water which is rapidly and rotationally stirred, carrying out phase conversion to obtain filaments, filtering, and drying the products in a forced air oven at 80 ℃ overnight to obtain the modified polyimide.
Further, the dosage ratio of the mixed material and the N-methyl pyrrolidone in the step 1) is 1 g: 13-15 mL.
Further, the adding amount of the polyethylene glycol and the mixed solution in the step 2) is 10-12% and 0.8-1% of the mixed material in the step 1), respectively.
Further, acetic anhydride is used as a dehydrating agent and pyridine is used as a catalyst in the step 2), and the volume ratio of the acetic anhydride to the pyridine in the mixed liquid is 2: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method adopts modified polyimide as a diaphragm matrix, amino on 3,3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane reacts with anhydride group of 3,3 ', 4,4 ' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, the anhydride opens a ring, and generates-CO-NH-and carboxyl-CO-NH-to continue imidization reaction with carboxyl at the ortho position, so as to form a polyimide structure and obtain polyimide; because the amount of the substance of the acid anhydride is slightly high, the two ends of the formed polymer are capped with the acid anhydride, polyethylene glycol is added, and the acid anhydride group and the terminal hydroxyl of the polyethylene glycol molecule generate ring-opening reaction under the action of DMAP (dimethyl formamide), so that the polyethylene glycol molecule is grafted on the polymer molecule to form a block polymer, and the modified polyimide is prepared; polyethylene glycol has good dissolving capacity on lithium salt, a chain segment with polyethoxy in the polyethylene glycol can store and transmit lithium ions, the ionic conductivity is improved, and the polyethylene glycol is combined with a polyimide polymer in a block mode;
according to the invention, the ceramic coating is coated on the surface of the polyimide fiber membrane, so that the aperture of the diaphragm can be effectively reduced, the average aperture of the diaphragm is about 0.1 mu m, the aperture distribution is uniform, the micro short circuit phenomenon caused by the fact that particles in positive and negative electrode materials enter the diaphragm under the action of extrusion and the like when the aperture is large is avoided, and the service performance of the lithium battery diaphragm is improved;
according to the invention, by modifying polyimide, soft segment can be introduced into a polyimide molecular chain, so that the flexibility of the polyimide molecular chain is improved, the flexibility of a fiber membrane is improved, polyethylene glycol is combined with a membrane substrate in a chemical bonding mode, and the membrane has higher binding force, the solvent resistance and the high temperature resistance of the polyethylene glycol are improved, so that the membrane has high-efficiency and lasting ionic conductivity; in addition, the ceramic material is coated on the surface of the polyimide fiber membrane, so that the pore diameter of the diaphragm can be effectively reduced, the average pore diameter of the diaphragm is about 0.1 mu m, the pore diameter distribution is uniform, and the service performance of the lithium battery diaphragm is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
dissolving modified polyimide in N-methyl pyrrolidone, fully stirring and dissolving, vacuumizing and defoaming by using a vacuum pump to obtain a casting solution with the mass fraction of the modified polyimide being 20-25%, and storing the casting solution at 2-3 ℃;
secondly, performing electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution under the conditions that the spinning voltage is-4 to 22kV, the solution propelling speed is 10mL/h, and the room temperature and the humidity are lower than 50% to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane;
thirdly, placing the nanofiber membrane in a high-temperature oven, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3.5 ℃/min, keeping for 8-10min, stopping heating after the reaction is finished, and taking out the nanofiber membrane after the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the fiber membrane;
fourthly, placing the fiber membrane on a coating machine, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane by using a 4-micron concave roller, baking for 3-4min at 100 ℃, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the back surface of the fiber membrane by adopting the same method, and baking to obtain a lithium battery diaphragm;
wherein the mass fraction of the boehmite ceramic slurry is 40%, and the particle size of the boehmite is 300-500 nm;
the boehmite ceramic slurry is coated on the surface of the fiber membrane, so that the aperture of the diaphragm can be effectively reduced, the average aperture of the diaphragm is about 0.1 mu m, the aperture distribution is uniform, the micro short circuit phenomenon caused by the fact that particles in positive and negative electrode materials enter the inside of the diaphragm under the action of extrusion and the like when the aperture is large is avoided, and the service performance of the lithium battery diaphragm is improved;
the modified polyimide is prepared by the following method:
1) drying 3,3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane and 3,3 ', 4,4 ' -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 3-4h, mixing according to the mass ratio of 1:1.005, adding the mixture into a three-neck flask containing N-methylpyrrolidone in batches, and reacting in an ice-water bath for 12h under the nitrogen atmosphere to form viscous liquid;
wherein the dosage ratio of the mixed material to the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 1 g: 13-15 mL;
2) adding polyethylene glycol into the viscous liquid, adding a mixed solution of acetic anhydride and pyridine (acetic anhydride is used as a dehydrating agent, pyridine is used as a catalyst, the volume ratio of acetic anhydride to pyridine in the mixed solution is 2:1), removing the ice water bath, reacting for 18 hours, slowly pouring the product into deionized water which is rapidly and rotationally stirred, carrying out phase conversion to obtain filaments, filtering, and drying the product in a forced air oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ overnight to obtain modified polyimide;
the addition amount of the polyethylene glycol and the mixed liquid is respectively 10 to 12 percent and 0.8 to 1 percent of the mixed material in the step 1);
reacting amino on 3,3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane with anhydride group of 3,3 ', 4,4 ' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, opening ring of anhydride, generating-CO-NH-and carboxyl, -CO-NH-to continue imidization reaction with carboxyl at ortho position, forming imine structure, obtaining polyimide; because the amount of the substance of the acid anhydride is slightly high, the two ends of the formed polymer are capped with the acid anhydride, polyethylene glycol is added, and the acid anhydride group and the terminal hydroxyl of the polyethylene glycol molecule generate ring-opening reaction under the action of DMAP (dimethyl formamide), so that the polyethylene glycol molecule is grafted on the polymer molecule to form a block polymer, and the modified polyimide is prepared; polyethylene glycol has good dissolving capacity on lithium salt, a polyethylene glycol chain segment with polyethoxy can store and transmit lithium ions, the ionic conductivity is improved, and the polyethylene glycol is combined with a polyimide polymer in a block mode.
Example 1
A preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
dissolving modified polyimide in N-methyl pyrrolidone, fully stirring and dissolving, vacuumizing and defoaming by using a vacuum pump to obtain a casting solution with the mass fraction of the modified polyimide being 20%, and storing the casting solution at 2-3 ℃;
secondly, performing electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution under the conditions that the spinning voltage is-4 to 22kV, the solution propelling speed is 10mL/h, and the room temperature and the humidity are lower than 50% to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane;
thirdly, placing the nanofiber membrane in a high-temperature oven, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3.5 ℃/min, keeping for 8min, stopping heating after the reaction is finished, and taking out the nanofiber membrane after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature to obtain the fiber membrane;
and fourthly, placing the fiber membrane on a coating machine, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane by using a 4-micron concave roller, baking for 3min at 100 ℃, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the back of the fiber membrane by adopting the same method, and baking to obtain the lithium battery diaphragm.
Example 2
A preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
dissolving modified polyimide in N-methyl pyrrolidone, fully stirring and dissolving, vacuumizing and defoaming by using a vacuum pump to obtain a casting solution with the mass fraction of the modified polyimide being 25%, and storing the casting solution at 2-3 ℃;
secondly, performing electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution under the conditions that the spinning voltage is-4 to 22kV, the solution propelling speed is 10mL/h, and the room temperature and the humidity are lower than 50% to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane;
thirdly, placing the nanofiber membrane in a high-temperature oven, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3.5 ℃/min, keeping for 10min, stopping heating after the reaction is finished, and taking out the nanofiber membrane after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature to obtain the fiber membrane;
and fourthly, placing the fiber membrane on a coating machine, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane by using a 4-micron concave roller, baking for 4min at 100 ℃, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the back of the fiber membrane by adopting the same method, and baking to obtain the lithium battery diaphragm.
Comparative example 1
The modified polyimide in example 1 was replaced with ordinary polyimide and polyethylene glycol, and the remaining raw materials and preparation process were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The fiber membrane obtained in the third step of example 1 was used as a separator.
The following performance tests were performed on the separators obtained in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2: testing the equivalent pore diameter of the sample by using a pore diameter analyzer, and measuring the porosity of the sample by using a weighing method; the membranes were tested for ionic conductivity at 30 ℃ and 60 ℃ and the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the average pore diameter of the separator prepared in examples 1-2 is 0.09-0.10, and the pores are uniformly distributed, which indicates that the separator prepared in the present invention has smaller pore diameter, uniformly distributed voids, and higher service performance; as can be seen from the above table, the separator obtained when 1-2 was dead had an ionic conductance at 30 ℃The ratio is 2.49-2.58mS cm-1At 30 ℃, the ionic conductivity is 3.02-3.06 mS.cm-1The prepared diaphragm has extremely high ionic conductivity; compared with the comparative example 1, the block modification of the polyimide by the polyethylene glycol is demonstrated, so that the binding force between the polyethylene glycol and the polymer matrix can be improved, and the diaphragm has higher ionic conductivity; compared with comparative example 2, the coating of the ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane is demonstrated to effectively reduce the pore size and distribution uniformity of the fiber membrane and improve the service performance of the diaphragm.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation process of a lithium battery diaphragm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving modified polyimide in N-methyl pyrrolidone, fully stirring and dissolving, vacuumizing and defoaming by using a vacuum pump to obtain a casting solution with the mass fraction of the modified polyimide being 20-25%, and storing the casting solution at 2-3 ℃;
secondly, performing electrostatic spinning on the membrane casting solution under the conditions that the spinning voltage is-4 to 22kV, the solution propelling speed is 10mL/h, and the room temperature and the humidity are lower than 50% to obtain a prefabricated fiber membrane;
thirdly, placing the nanofiber membrane in a high-temperature oven, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3.5 ℃/min, keeping for 8-10min, stopping heating after the reaction is finished, and taking out the nanofiber membrane after the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the fiber membrane;
and fourthly, placing the fiber membrane on a coating machine, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the surface of the fiber membrane by using a 4-micron concave roller, baking for 3-4min at 100 ℃, coating boehmite ceramic slurry on the back surface of the fiber membrane by adopting the same method, and baking to obtain the lithium battery diaphragm.
2. The preparation process of the lithium battery separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boehmite ceramic slurry has a mass fraction of 40%, and a boehmite particle size of 300-500 nm.
3. The process for preparing a lithium battery separator according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyimide is prepared by the following method:
1) drying 3,3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane and 3,3 ', 4,4 ' -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 3-4h, mixing according to the mass ratio of 1:1.005, adding the mixture into a three-neck flask containing N-methylpyrrolidone in batches, and reacting in an ice-water bath for 12h under the nitrogen atmosphere to form viscous liquid;
2) adding polyethylene glycol into the viscous liquid, adding a mixed solution of acetic anhydride and pyridine, removing the ice-water bath, reacting for 18h, slowly pouring the product into deionized water which is rapidly and rotationally stirred, carrying out phase conversion to obtain filaments, filtering, and drying the products in a forced air oven at 80 ℃ overnight to obtain the modified polyimide.
4. The preparation process of the lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the dosage of the mixed material and the N-methyl pyrrolidone in the step 1) is 1 g: 13-15 mL.
5. The preparation process of the lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 3, wherein the addition amount of the polyethylene glycol and the mixed solution in the step 2) is 10-12% and 0.8-1% of the mixed material in the step 1), respectively.
6. The process for preparing a lithium battery diaphragm according to claim 3, wherein acetic anhydride is used as a dehydrating agent and pyridine is used as a catalyst in the step 2), and the volume ratio of the acetic anhydride to the pyridine in the mixed solution is 2: 1.
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