CN111639729B - RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method - Google Patents

RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111639729B
CN111639729B CN202010469071.1A CN202010469071A CN111639729B CN 111639729 B CN111639729 B CN 111639729B CN 202010469071 A CN202010469071 A CN 202010469071A CN 111639729 B CN111639729 B CN 111639729B
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chain
identity
target object
blockchain
public key
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CN111639729A (en
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周清河
景泽翔
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Shenzhen Weier Intelligent System Co ltd
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Shenzhen Weier Intelligent System Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • G06K17/0029—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
    • G06F21/6218—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
    • G06Q30/0185—Product, service or business identity fraud

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain, which comprises the following steps: reading an RFID tag of a target object, and acquiring a unique identity of the target object stored in the RFID tag and a TID of the RFID tag; inquiring anti-counterfeiting traceability information stored in association with the on-chain identity from the blockchain based on the on-chain identity, wherein the anti-counterfeiting traceability information comprises the on-chain identity registered in an creation block of the blockchain and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity, and the second public key is obtained by encrypting the TID of an RFID tag associated with the on-chain identity during initialization; verifying whether the first public key and the second public key are consistent; and if the verification is consistent, updating the anti-counterfeiting traceability information to the latest state.

Description

RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anti-counterfeiting tracing method, in particular to an anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain.
Background
In the past, anti-counterfeiting traceability is a topic concerned by consumers and the whole society, and is also a matter related to folk life. Consumers want to know not only the authenticity of a product, but also whether the circulation of the product is problematic or not, and even more information and greater transparency of the product over the entire link.
The traditional anti-counterfeiting and tracing are usually two independent processing means, although the anti-counterfeiting technology is layered endlessly, the non-lane is one-ruler higher than the magic tape, and new technology is required to be continuously introduced to improve the reliability and the credibility of the anti-counterfeiting; the tracing method is more due to the problems of complexity of data acquisition, information island and the like, so that expected effects cannot be achieved.
The traditional two-dimensional code anti-counterfeiting tracing method generally separates anti-counterfeiting and tracing, and although the two-dimensional code can realize part of tracing functions, data on a supply chain are not easy to collect, so that only the information flow is assumed to be consistent with the height of logistics and the actual circulation of a single product is represented by the circulation of a system bill, and the information flow is further used as the basis of tracing; the anti-counterfeiting aspect can not be realized by the background system data, and can only be verified by the anti-counterfeiting technology on the article/label.
Radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) technology is one of automatic identification technologies, non-contact two-way data communication is performed in a wireless radio frequency mode, and a recording medium (an electronic tag or a radio frequency card) is read and written in a wireless radio frequency mode, so that the purposes of identification targets and data exchange are achieved, and the radio frequency identification technology can be used for anti-counterfeiting tracing.
The traditional RFID anti-counterfeiting tracing method can integrate anti-counterfeiting tracing, but generally uses a centralized database to manage storage information so as to facilitate tracing, so that the safety and reliability of data storage cannot be ensured.
Blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an emerging technology that is commonly engaged in "accounting" by several computing devices, together maintaining a complete distributed database. The blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, non-falsification, whole-course trace, traceability, collective maintenance, disclosure transparency and the like. These features ensure the "honest" and "transparent" of the blockchain, laying a foundation for creating trust for the blockchain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain, which can ensure the safety and the credibility of data storage and ensure the authenticity and the non-tamper property of data acquisition sources and the commodity circulation process.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain, comprising: reading an RFID tag of a target object, and acquiring a unique identity of the target object stored in the RFID tag and a TID of the RFID tag; inquiring anti-counterfeiting traceability information stored in association with the on-chain identity from the blockchain based on the on-chain identity, wherein the anti-counterfeiting traceability information comprises the on-chain identity registered in an creation block of the blockchain and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity, and the second public key is obtained by encrypting the TID of an RFID tag associated with the on-chain identity during initialization; verifying whether the first public key and the second public key are consistent; and if the verification is consistent, updating the anti-counterfeiting traceability information to the latest state.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: initializing an RFID tag of the article; the RFID tag of the initialization item includes: writing the unique identity of the item to an RFID tag of the item; performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag of the article to obtain a second public key of the article, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the article based on the unique identity of the article; and storing the on-chain identity of the item and the second public key association of the item in an creation block of the blockchain.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: when a previous node of the blockchain initiates a transaction of the target object to a next node, firstly sending an on-chain identity of the target object related to the transaction and the second public key associated with the on-chain identity to the next node; when the next node receives the target object, acquiring a unique identity of the target object in an RFID tag of the target object and a TID of the RFID tag through an RFID reader-writer; performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag to obtain the first public key, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the target object based on the unique identity of the target object; querying the second public key associated with the on-chain identity; verifying whether the first public key is consistent with the second public key; and if the verification is consistent, updating the transaction information to the anti-counterfeiting traceability information on the blockchain.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: when a consumer purchases the target item at a point-of-sale terminal, the point-of-sale terminal transmits an on-chain identity of the target item, the second public key, and an on-chain code of the point-of-sale terminal to a service node in the blockchain; the code on the sales terminal chain is the identification code of the sales terminal or is obtained by encryption operation of the identification code of the sales terminal.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the blockchain transmits the on-chain identification of the target object, the second public key and the on-chain code of the service node to a shared pool, and the shared pool is connected with the blockchain; the codes on the service node chain are the identity codes of the service nodes or are obtained by encryption operation of the identity codes of the service nodes.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the sales terminal reads the unique identification of the target object stored in the RFID tag of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag and sends the unique identification of the target object and the TID to the consumer, the consumer obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, and carries out encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and the consumer enters the blockchain for anti-counterfeiting inquiry through the sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the consumer reads the unique identification of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag stored in the RFID tag of the target object, the consumer obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, and carries out encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and the consumer enters the blockchain for anti-counterfeiting tracing inquiry through the sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention, the method further comprises: the consumer uploads a consumer chain code obtained from the identity code of the consumer to the shared pool and associates the consumer chain code with the chain identity of the target object and a second public key; the consumer chain code is the identity code of the consumer or is obtained by encryption operation of the identity code of the consumer.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain, the blockchain is a alliance chain, and the encryption operation is hash operation.
In an embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain, the on-chain identity of the article is the unique identity of the article or is obtained by encryption operation of the unique identity of the article.
The RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method has the following beneficial effects: the RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method and device combine the advantages of the RFID and the blockchain, so that the safety and the credibility of data storage can be ensured, and meanwhile, the data acquisition source and the authenticity and the non-tamper property of the article circulation process can be ensured.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of data collection and data storage in a federated chain in one embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an article transacting at a node in a circulation link in an embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an item consumption link in an embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of anti-counterfeiting tracing after the sale of an article in one embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a full link schematic diagram of one embodiment of an RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting tracing method with conventional anti-counterfeiting tracing method;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of RFID tag initialization for canned milk powder in another embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of shipping of canned milk powder in another embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a receiving and dispatching process of a milk powder distribution center in another embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a point-of-sale receiving and vending process in another embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a flow chart of anti-counterfeiting tracing for consumption of milk powder in another embodiment of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functionality throughout.
In the description of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
RFID tags typically have four separate memory areas, a Reserved (Reserved) area, an electronic product code (EPC, electronic Product Code) area, a Tag Identifier (TID) area, and a User (User) area, respectively. The reserved area is used for storing an inactivation Password (Kill Password) and an Access Password (Access Password); the EPC area is used for storing EPC codes and the like, and the EPC codes are unique and serve as unique identification marks of the articles; the TID area is used for storing tag identification numbers, and each TID number is unique and difficult to tamper, and is a unique identification of RFID; the user area is used to store user-defined data. According to the encoding rules, the EPC code of each item is unique and can be used as a unique identity for the item, and the TID of each RFID tag is unique and non-tamperable, sometimes referred to as UID. The TID of the RFID tag is unique and unchangeable, so that the RFID tag can be used for anti-counterfeiting and tracing.
The invention provides an anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and a blockchain, which comprises the following steps: reading an RFID tag of the target object, and acquiring a unique identity of the target object stored in the RFID tag and a TID of the RFID tag; based on the on-chain identity, inquiring anti-counterfeiting traceability information stored in association with the on-chain identity from a blockchain, wherein the anti-counterfeiting traceability information comprises the on-chain identity registered in an creation block of the blockchain and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity, and the second public key is obtained by carrying out encryption operation on the TID of an RFID tag associated with the on-chain identity during initialization; verifying whether the first public key and the second public key are consistent; if the verification is consistent, the anti-counterfeiting traceability information is updated to the latest state.
The method further comprises the steps of: initializing an RFID tag of the article; initializing the RFID tag of the item includes: writing the unique identity of the item to an RFID tag of the item; performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag of the article to obtain a second public key of the article, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the article based on the unique identity of the article; the on-chain identity of the item and the second public key association of the item are stored in an creation block of the blockchain.
The method further comprises the steps of: when the previous node of the blockchain initiates the transaction of the target object to the next node, firstly, the on-chain identity mark of the target object related to the transaction and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity mark are sent to the next node; when the next node receives the target object, acquiring a unique identity of the target object in an RFID tag of the target object and a TID of the RFID tag through an RFID reader-writer; performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag to obtain a first public key, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the target object based on the unique identity of the target object; querying a second public key associated with the on-chain identity; verifying whether the first public key is consistent with the second public key; and if the verification is consistent, updating the transaction information to the anti-counterfeiting traceability information on the blockchain.
The method further comprises the steps of: when the consumer purchases the target object at the sales terminal, the sales terminal transmits the on-chain identity of the target object, the second public key, and the sales terminal on-chain code of the sales terminal to the service node in the blockchain; the code on the sales terminal chain is the identification code of the sales terminal or is obtained by encryption operation of the identification code of the sales terminal.
The method further comprises the steps of: when a consumer purchases a target object at a sales terminal, the blockchain transmits the on-chain identity of the target object, the second public key and the on-chain code of the service node to a shared pool, and the shared pool is connected with the blockchain; the codes on the service node chain are the identity codes of the service nodes or are obtained by encryption operation of the identity codes of the service nodes.
The method further comprises the steps of: when a consumer purchases a target object at the sales terminal, the sales terminal reads the unique identification of the target object stored in the RFID tag of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag and sends the unique identification of the target object and the TID to the consumer, the consumer obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, encrypts the TID to obtain a first public key, and the consumer enters the blockchain for anti-counterfeiting tracing inquiry through the sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
The method further comprises the steps of: when a consumer purchases a target object at a sales terminal, the consumer reads the unique identification of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag stored in the RFID tag of the target object, obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, carries out encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and enters a blockchain for anti-counterfeiting tracing inquiry through a sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
The method further comprises the steps of: uploading the on-chain identification of the target object, the first public key and the on-chain code of the consumer obtained by the identification of the consumer to a sharing pool by the consumer; the consumer chain code is the identity code of the consumer or is obtained by encryption operation of the identity code of the consumer.
The method further comprises the steps of: the consumer uploads a consumer chain code obtained from the identity code of the consumer to the shared pool and associates the consumer chain code with the chain identity mark of the target object and the second public key; the consumer chain code is the identity code of the consumer or is obtained by encryption operation of the identity code of the consumer.
The anti-counterfeiting tracing method disclosed by the invention is penetrated through the whole supply chain, so that the anti-counterfeiting tracing method not only can be used for verification and identification after purchase by consumers, but also can be used for realizing real-time verification and identification of each link on the supply chain.
In the method, the blockchain is a coalition chain, and the encryption operation is hash operation.
In the method, the on-chain identity of the article is the unique identity of the article or is obtained by encryption operation of the unique identity of the article, the unique identity of the article can be a standard EPC code of GS1, the unique identity identification code generated by other coding systems can be a code with unique identification, and the TID of the RFID tag can be other codes which can be used as the unique identity identification of the RFID tag.
The blockchain preferably alliance chain used by the RFID and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting tracing method is provided. The alliance chain is only opened for members of a specific group and a limited third party, a plurality of preselected nodes are designated as billing persons in the alliance chain, the generation of each block is decided by all the preselected nodes together, other access nodes can participate in the transaction, but no accounting process is performed, and other third parties can perform limited inquiry through the API of the block chain opening. For better performance, the federation chain has certain requirements for the configuration of consensus or authentication nodes and the network environment. With the admission mechanism, transaction performance can be improved more easily, and problems caused by participants with irregular participation are avoided. How the anti-counterfeiting tracing method is implemented is described with reference to a alliance chain.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, schematic diagrams of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the present invention are shown. In the initiating node A, there is a step of initializing an RFID tag, an EPC code of the article is written into the RFID tag through an RFID reader-writer, and the EPC code and a TID of the RFID tag are read, wherein the EPC code can be used as a unique identity of the article, and the TID is a unique identity of the RFID and cannot be tampered. Carrying out hash operation on the read TID of the RFID tag to obtain a hash value H (TID) of the TID, carrying out hash operation on the unique identity of the article, namely the EPC code of the article to obtain a hash value H (EPC) of the EPC, wherein H (x) represents the hash value of x. H (EPC) is used as an on-chain identity of an item, and since EPC codes are unique, H (EPC) is correspondingly unique. The H (EPC) and the hash value H (TID) of the TID of the RFID corresponding to the H (EPC) are then registered on the creation block of the alliance chain, so that the complete one-to-one correspondence of the information on the article-RFID tag-blockchain is realized. The TID of the RFID tag on the item is used as a private key and H (TID) is used as a public key, which is stored in association with the on-chain identity H (EPC) of the item on the alliance chain.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, when the previous node of the federation chain sends out a transaction to the next node, related information of all the articles involved in the transaction is sent out to the next block, including the on-chain identity H (EPC) of each article and the hash value H (TID) of the corresponding TID. Therefore, when the next node receives the article, the EPC code and the TID of the RFID tag of the article and the data of the background blockchain can be obtained through the reader-writer to verify so as to distinguish authenticity and update the state of the article. In this way, by utilizing the RFID and blockchain technology, each transaction enables the logistics and the information flow to perform seamless interaction, namely, the fact that the articles and the background data of each transaction are completely consistent is guaranteed, circulation data are collected, real-time tracking and tracing of the articles are obtained, and meanwhile, authenticity of the articles and safety of the data are guaranteed.
Specifically, at the intermediate node of the alliance chain, the RFID tag of the target object can be read through the RFID reader-writer, and the EPC code of the target object stored in the RFID tag and the TID of the RFID tag are obtained; based on the on-chain identity mark H (EPC), inquiring anti-counterfeiting tracing information stored in association with the on-chain identity mark H (EPC) from a blockchain, wherein the anti-counterfeiting tracing information comprises the on-chain identity mark H (EPC) registered in an generation block of the blockchain and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity mark H (EPC), and the second public key is obtained by hash operation of the TID of an RFID tag written into the EPC code during initialization; verifying whether the first public key and the second public key are consistent; if the verification is consistent, the object is free of problems, and the anti-counterfeiting traceability information is updated to the latest state. The anti-counterfeiting traceability information comprises transaction circulation information of the article at each node besides the on-chain identity marks H (EPC) and H (TID) for traceability.
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, in the terminal sales link of an article, when a consumer obtains the article, the consumer can identify the authenticity of the article by searching the information on the last node in the link and comparing the information with the TID of the RFID tag on the article, because each node on the alliance link guarantees and transmits the hash value of the original TID, and meanwhile, we can also obtain the history data and the tracing effect of the whole link by means of the backward tracking of the link. Specifically, the sales terminal reads the EPC code in the RFID tag of the target item and the TID of the RFID tag and transmits the EPC code and the TID of the RFID tag to the consumer, and for convenience of the consumer, the TID code and the TID of the RFID tag may be transmitted to the consumer in the form of a two-dimensional code. Based on the obtained EPC and the TID, the consumer carries out hash operation to obtain an on-chain identity mark H (EPC) and a first public key H (TID), and anti-counterfeiting traceability inquiry is carried out in the blockchain.
After the goods are delivered, the sales terminal S can store the identity marks H (EPC) and H (TID) on the main data chain of the goods and the hash value H (Z) of the alliance chain service node on a public inquiring platform (sharing pool) with public trust through the service node, so that consumers can perform anti-counterfeiting traceability inquiry at any time. The consumer can also add the consumer on-chain code H (U) formed by hashing the consumer identity code U to the shared pool of blockchains through the association of EPCs after shopping. The shared pool is used as a special node of the alliance chain and also used as a query entry of anti-counterfeiting tracing, and a commodity final owner (consumer) can connect and access the alliance chain through the shared pool to perform anti-counterfeiting tracing of the commodity.
According to the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on the RFID and the blockchain, the RFID takes H (TID) as a public key of an article in a alliance chain, and the TID is taken as a private key of an owner of the article at the time, so that a single-grade article can be authenticated in the alliance chain, and the method is a great contribution to deepening and individuation of blockchain application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full link showing a single level in one embodiment of the RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method of the present invention, showing the circulation of an on-chain identity H (EPC) and its associated H (TID) in the full link.
Fig. 7 is a diagram comparing the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on the RFID and the blockchain with the traditional anti-counterfeiting tracing method, and it can be seen from the diagram that the anti-counterfeiting tracing method has better completeness, safety, reliability and higher credibility.
The RFID in the present invention may be a High Frequency (HF) or Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID tag, or may be a dual frequency RFID tag of high frequency and ultra high frequency.
Fig. 8 to 12 are schematic diagrams showing another implementation of the anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain of the present invention, and the embodiment is an anti-counterfeiting tracing method for canned milk powder.
Referring to fig. 8, for the procedure of initializing the RFID tag for canned milk powder, when a milk powder factory is canning milk powder, each can lid is embedded with an RFID tag of ultra-high frequency or double frequency for identifying the can milk powder. When the milk powder is sealed, the RFID tag is written into the EPC code of the milk powder, meanwhile, the TID of the RFID tag is obtained, the second public key H (TID) and the on-chain identity mark H (EPC) of the milk powder are obtained after hash operation is carried out on the TID and the EPC, and the H (EPC) and the H (TID) are stored in a block chain in an associated mode.
Referring to fig. 9, when a milk powder factory wants to deliver to a delivery center, firstly acquiring on-chain identity marks H (EPC) of all milk powder cans corresponding to a delivery bill, uploading all on-chain identity marks H (EPC) and H (TID) lists of the batch of goods to an originating node of a alliance chain, and further transmitting related information to the delivery center node by a mechanism of the alliance chain; and simultaneously, the lot is sent to a distribution center through logistics. At this point the public key H (TID) is stored in the federation chain, while the private key TID is stored in the RFID tag.
Referring to fig. 10, when the batch of milk powder arrives at the distribution center, EPC and TID stored in RFID tag of canned milk powder can be obtained by the reader, then hash operation is performed to obtain on-chain identity H (EPC) and first public key H (TID), and after comparing and verifying the on-chain identity H (EPC) and H (TID) with data in alliance chain, it can be confirmed that the data of the batch of milk powder is completely consistent with the articles.
And repeating the process to traverse the whole supply chain node, wherein each node receives the on-chain identity mark H (EPC) of the last node and the public key H (TID) corresponding to the on-chain identity mark H (EPC), and meanwhile, the data is updated and stored by a mechanism of a alliance chain after verifying the authenticity of the milk powder through the TID on the RFID label of the canned milk powder, and the data and the milk powder are transmitted to the next node until the milk powder reaches a sales network.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, when a consumer purchases milk powder, after the consumer purchases the milk powder, after the consumer pays successfully, the sales network site converts EPC and TID in the RFID tag on the milk powder can into two-dimensional codes and transmits the two-dimensional codes to the consumer, and simultaneously uploads on-chain identity H (EPC), H (TID) and on-chain identity H (S) of the sales network site to the coalition chain and stores on-chain identity H (EPC), H (TID) of the article and on-chain identity H (Z) of a service node of the coalition chain in the shared pool. The consumer can register the EPC, the TID two-dimension code and the hash value H (U) of the user code U to the sharing pool as the final owner of the commodity according to the EPC, the TID two-dimension code and the hash value H (U) of the user code U, which are given by the merchant, so as to share the bonus brought by the sharing pool. Of course, consumers can read EPCs and TIDs in the milk powder cans on site at the sales network before buying, and then make decisions after confirming anti-counterfeiting tracing to the alliance chains. When a commodity is submitted, the public key of the commodity is stored in the coalition chain and shared pool, while the private key is held in the hands of the final commodity owner/consumer.
The shared pool is a public platform with public belief and is mainly used for storing basic information after the goods are submitted: the chain identity marks H (EPC), H (TID), H (Z) and H (U) of the article are stored anonymously by encrypted data. The anti-counterfeiting system is a public portal used as an anti-counterfeiting source tracing so as to be convenient for consumers, and can be connected to different alliance chains to perform real-time anti-counterfeiting source tracing inquiry; the shared pool can also be seen as a special node (after-market collection) of the many-league chain.
It should be understood that in the above embodiment, the on-chain identity is obtained by encrypting the unique identity of the article, and in other embodiments, the unique identity of the article may be directly used as the on-chain identity of the article.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which fall within the protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on RFID and blockchain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
reading an RFID tag of a target object, and acquiring a unique identity of the target object stored in the RFID tag and a TID of the RFID tag, wherein the unique identity is an EPC code stored in an EPC area of the RFID tag;
performing encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and obtaining an on-chain identity of the target object based on the unique identity, wherein the on-chain identity is obtained by performing encryption operation on the unique identity of the object;
inquiring anti-counterfeiting traceability information stored in association with the on-chain identity from the blockchain based on the on-chain identity, wherein the anti-counterfeiting traceability information comprises the on-chain identity registered in an originating block of the blockchain and a second public key associated with the on-chain identity, and the second public key is obtained by performing encryption operation on the TID of an RFID tag associated with the on-chain identity during initialization;
verifying whether the first public key and the second public key are consistent;
if the verification is consistent, updating the anti-counterfeiting traceability information to the latest state;
the method further comprises the steps of:
initializing an RFID tag of the article;
the RFID tag of the initialization item includes:
writing the unique identity of the item into the EPC zone of the RFID tag of the item;
performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag of the article to obtain a second public key of the article, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the article based on the unique identity of the article;
and storing the on-chain identity of the item and the second public key association of the item in an creation block of the blockchain.
2. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when a previous node of the blockchain initiates a transaction of the target object to a next node, firstly sending an on-chain identity of the target object related to the transaction and the second public key associated with the on-chain identity to the next node;
when the next node receives the target object, acquiring a unique identity of the target object in an RFID tag of the target object and a TID of the RFID tag through an RFID reader-writer;
performing encryption operation on the TID of the RFID tag to obtain the first public key, and obtaining the on-chain identity of the target object based on the unique identity of the target object;
querying the second public key associated with the on-chain identity;
verifying whether the first public key is consistent with the second public key;
and if the verification is consistent, updating the transaction information to the anti-counterfeiting traceability information on the blockchain.
3. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 2, further comprising:
when a consumer purchases the target item at a point-of-sale terminal, the point-of-sale terminal transmits an on-chain identity of the target item, the second public key, and an on-chain code of the point-of-sale terminal to a service node in the blockchain;
the code on the sales terminal chain is the identification code of the sales terminal or is obtained by encryption operation of the identification code of the sales terminal.
4. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 3, further comprising:
when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the blockchain transmits the on-chain identification of the target object, the second public key and the on-chain code of the service node to a shared pool, and the shared pool is connected with the blockchain;
the codes on the service node chain are the identity codes of the service nodes or are obtained by encryption operation of the identity codes of the service nodes.
5. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 4, further comprising:
when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the sales terminal reads the unique identification of the target object stored in the RFID tag of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag and sends the unique identification of the target object and the TID to the consumer, the consumer obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, and carries out encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and the consumer enters the blockchain for anti-counterfeiting inquiry through the sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
6. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 4, further comprising:
when a consumer purchases the target object at a sales terminal, the consumer reads the unique identification of the target object and the TID of the RFID tag stored in the RFID tag of the target object, the consumer obtains the on-chain identification of the target object based on the obtained unique identification of the target object, and carries out encryption operation on the TID to obtain a first public key, and the consumer enters the blockchain for anti-counterfeiting tracing inquiry through the sharing pool based on the on-chain identification of the target object and the first public key.
7. The RFID and blockchain based anti-counterfeiting traceability method according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising:
the consumer uploads a consumer chain code obtained from the identity code of the consumer to the shared pool and associates the consumer chain code with the chain identity of the target object and a second public key;
the consumer chain code is the identity code of the consumer or is obtained by encryption operation of the identity code of the consumer.
8. The anti-counterfeiting traceability method based on the RFID and the blockchain according to claim 7, wherein the blockchain is a alliance chain and the encryption operation is a hash operation.
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