CN111639400A - Special wing section for blade of cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine and application and optimal design method - Google Patents

Special wing section for blade of cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine and application and optimal design method Download PDF

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CN111639400A
CN111639400A CN202010388659.4A CN202010388659A CN111639400A CN 111639400 A CN111639400 A CN 111639400A CN 202010388659 A CN202010388659 A CN 202010388659A CN 111639400 A CN111639400 A CN 111639400A
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airfoil
tidal current
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陈三木
万敏平
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
Southern University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of design of a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine airfoil, and particularly relates to a high-lift-drag-ratio anti-cavitation airfoil for a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine and a design method thereof. And (3) optimally designing the airfoil by using an optimization algorithm based on a proxy model, taking the lift-drag ratio in a full attack angle range as a target function f (x) and taking the airfoil thickness, cavitation characteristic and stall characteristic as constraint conditions according to the operating conditions and performance requirements of the blades of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine and based on preset parameters. The wing section has the advantages of wide range of applicable working conditions, high lift-drag ratio and strong cavitation resistance.

Description

Special wing section for blade of cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine and application and optimal design method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of design of a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine wing profile, and particularly relates to a special wing profile for a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade and an application and optimal design method thereof.
Background
The tidal current energy is clean energy with large reserve, strong regularity and high energy density, and the tidal current energy water turbine is used as a device for acquiring the tidal current energy and can convert kinetic energy of tidal current into mechanical energy of the water turbine so as to convert the mechanical energy into electric energy.
The blades are key parts of the cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine, and the performance of the wing profile directly influences the performance of the blades, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the water turbine is influenced. In the initial development of the tidal current energy water turbine wing profile, a horizontal-axis wind driven generator is used for reference, but the Reynolds number, the cavitation problem, the fluid density, the stall characteristic and the like of the horizontal-axis wind driven generator are greatly different, so that the development of the wing profile special for the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine blade is very necessary according to the working condition requirement of the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the existing technical problems, the invention provides a special wing section for a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade and a design method thereof.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides an optimal design method of a special wing profile for a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade, which comprises the following steps: and (3) optimally designing the airfoil by using an optimization algorithm based on a proxy model, taking the lift-drag ratio in a full attack angle range as a target function f (x) based on preset parameters according to the operating conditions and performance requirements of the blades of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine and taking the thickness, cavitation characteristics and stall characteristics of the airfoil as constraint conditions.
Further, in the proxy model: the proxy model is a kriging model, the point adding criterion is expectedmexprovement, the number of initial sample points is 30-45, and the number of total sample points is 280-400.
Further, the preset parameters comprise the incoming flow velocity v of the water turbine, the Reynolds number Re and the attack angle range,
the incoming flow velocity v of the water turbine is 7-15 m/s,
the Reynolds number Re is 7 × 106～15×106，
The range of the attack angle is 0-20 degrees.
Further, the objective function f (x) is expressed by the following formula:
f(x)＝0.2×(CL/CD)α＝0°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝4°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝8°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝12°+0.12×(CL/CD)α＝16°
in the formula, CLDenotes the coefficient of lift, CDRepresenting drag coefficient, α representing angle of attack;
the constraint is shown as follows:
0.99t0≤t≤1.2t0
Figure BDA0002484820800000021
CL，α＝12°≥0.95CL，α＝8°
wherein t represents airfoil thickness, t0Denotes a predetermined initial airfoil thickness, CPmin,α＝*Indicating the minimum negative pressure, C, at each angle of attackL,α＝*The lift coefficient in each attack angle state is shown, sigma represents a preset cavitation number, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002484820800000022
in the formula, PATDenotes atmospheric pressure, PVThe pressure value of gasification is shown, V is the flow velocity of the airfoil, rho is the density of sea water, g is the gravity acceleration, and h is the distance from the working height of the blades of the water turbine to the sea level.
The invention also provides an airfoil designed based on any one of the schemes.
The invention also provides a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade and an airfoil profile applying the scheme.
Further, the geometrical coordinate expressions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the airfoil are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002484820800000031
Figure BDA0002484820800000032
in the formula, yupRepresenting the upper surface ordinate, y, of the airfoillowDenotes the lower surface ordinate, A, of the airfoilupCoefficient of expression, A, representing the geometrical coordinates of the upper surface of the airfoillowThe expression coefficients represent the geometrical coordinates of the lower surface of the airfoil, x represents the airfoil surface abscissa, i represents the counting symbol, i is 0, 1.
Further, Aup0Is 0.21638007, Aup1Is 0.33637017, Aup2Is 0.21288682, Aup3Is 0.38203522, Aup4Is 0.20023451, Aup5Is 0.32691136, Aup6Is 0.29222219, Aup7Is 0.27263788, Aup80.35515365;
Alow0is-0.11443544, Alow1Is-0.03299623, Alow2Is-0.10635662, Alow3Is 0.12810278, Alow4Is-0.14195648, Alow5Is 0.11761893, Alow6Is-0.05864174, Alow7Is 0.01217712, Alow8Is-0.0105914.
Further, the maximum thickness of the airfoil is 12% C, the maximum thickness position is 26.4% C, the maximum camber is 5.2% C, and the maximum camber position is 39% C, wherein C is the chord length of the airfoil.
The invention also provides a transverse shaft tidal current energy water turbine which comprises an engine and the blades of the transverse shaft tidal current energy water turbine in any scheme.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an airfoil optimization design method, which uses an optimization algorithm based on a proxy model, according to the operation condition and the performance requirement of a cross-axis tidal current energy water turbine blade, based on preset parameters, takes the lift-drag ratio in a full attack angle range as a target function f (x), and takes the airfoil thickness, cavitation characteristic and stall characteristic as constraint conditions to carry out optimization design on an airfoil.
The wing section designed by the invention is wide in applicable working condition range, high in lift-drag ratio in the working condition range, and capable of remarkably improving the efficiency of the transverse-shaft tidal current energy water turbine. Meanwhile, the airfoil has strong anti-cavitation performance, and can obviously reduce the cavitation area of the front edge of the airfoil, thereby further improving the efficiency, protecting the structure of the transverse-shaft tidal current energy water turbine, and finally achieving the purposes of prolonging the service life of the water turbine and reducing the service life maintenance cost of the water turbine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a geometric profile of a design airfoil of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a lift coefficient curve plot for the airfoil design of the present invention at an angle of attack of 0 to 12 degrees;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the pressure coefficient at 10 ° angle of attack for the inventive airfoil and the comparison airfoil;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of lift-drag ratio at full angle of attack for the design airfoil of the present invention versus the comparison airfoil.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the initial development of the tidal current energy water turbine wing profile, a transverse-shaft wind driven generator is used for reference, but the Reynolds number, the cavitation problem, the fluid density, the stall characteristic and the like of the transverse-shaft wind driven generator are greatly different, so that the wing profile is necessary to be redesigned according to the working condition requirement of the transverse-shaft tidal current energy water turbine.
Cavitation is a remarkable characteristic of the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine different from the horizontal-axis fan. The phenomenon of vaporization or formation of a gas phase in a liquid at a certain temperature due to a pressure drop is called cavitation. Collapse of the cavitation bubbles creates a large impact pressure sufficient to cause damage to any material, resulting in cavitation. For a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade, cavitation erosion can not only damage the hydrodynamic appearance of the blade so as to reduce the efficiency of the water turbine, but also damage the structural characteristics of the blade, and finally the blade fails. Therefore, the efficiency and the service life of the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine are seriously influenced by the generation of cavitation.
Meanwhile, because the flow direction and the flow speed of the seawater have uncertainty, the wing-shaped attack angle change range on each section of the blade of the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine is very large when the horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine works, and therefore the wing-shaped tidal current energy water turbine is required to have good performance in a very large attack angle range.
Based on the above, the invention designs the airfoil with high lift-drag ratio and good anti-cavitation capability for the horizontal shaft tidal current water turbine. An optimization method based on a proxy model is used in the design process, the lift-drag ratio in the full attack angle range is used as a target function, the airfoil thickness, the cavitation characteristic and the stall characteristic are used as constraint conditions, and the basic airfoil is optimally designed.
Wherein the proxy model is set as:
the proxy model comprises the following steps: a kriging model;
and (3) point adding criterion: expected Improvement;
initial sample points: 30-45, preferably 40;
total sample points: 280-400, preferably 350.
The chord length of the reference airfoil is 1m, and the airfoil is mainly applied to the middle part to the tip part of the blade of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine, so that the inflow speed of the water turbine is set to be 7 m/s-15 m/s in the optimization, and the Reynolds number Re is 7 × 106～15×106Selecting five control points in the range of 0-20 degrees of attack angle, wherein α is 0 degrees, 4 degrees, 8 degrees, 12 degrees and 16 degrees respectively, and taking a new function obtained by adding weights of 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2 to lift-drag ratios normalized under the five attack angles as an objective function, wherein the expression is shown as the following formula:
f(x)＝0.2×(CL/CD)α＝0°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝4°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝8°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝12°+0.12×(CL/CD)α＝16°
wherein, CLDenotes the coefficient of lift, CDRepresenting the drag coefficient, α representing the angle of attack, the airfoil is parameterized by an 8-order CST method, and the optimized design variable is 18 (A)up0、Aup1、Aup2、Aup3、Aup4、Aup5、Aup6、Aup7、Aup8、A1ow0、A1ow1、A1ow2、A1ow3、A1ow4、A1ow5、A1ow6、A1ow7、A1ow8) The optimization space is set to ± 30%.
Three constraint conditions are used in the optimization process, firstly, the airfoil thickness t is constrained and limited to the initial airfoil thickness t099% -120%; secondly, in order to ensure that the cavitation performance is good, the minimum negative pressure C under each attack angle state is ensuredpminSatisfying the relation with the preset cavitation number sigma; and finally, in order to ensure that the airfoil has gentle stall characteristics, the lift coefficient of the airfoil under the attack angle of 12 degrees is more than 95 percent of the lift coefficient under the attack angle of 8 degrees. The three constraints can be represented by the following formula:
0.99t0≤t≤1.2t0
Figure BDA0002484820800000061
CL，α＝12°≥0.95CL，α＝8°。
wherein, σ represents a preset cavitation number, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002484820800000062
in the formula, PATDenotes atmospheric pressure, PVThe pressure value of gasification is shown, V is the flow velocity of the airfoil, rho is the density of sea water, g is the gravity acceleration, and h is the distance from the working height of the blades of the water turbine to the sea level. In the invention σ is 2.45.
The wing section designed by the invention is obtained according to the optimization.
The airfoil designed by the invention is named as Capity _ Opt, and is a geometric outline diagram of the airfoil designed by the invention as shown in FIG. 1. In the invention, the maximum thickness of the airfoil is 12% C, the maximum thickness position is 26.4% C, the maximum camber is 5.2% C, the maximum camber position is 39% C, wherein C is the chord length of the airfoil.
The geometrical coordinate expressions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the airfoil are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002484820800000063
Figure BDA0002484820800000064
wherein, yupRepresenting the upper surface ordinate, y, of the airfoillowDenotes the lower surface ordinate, A, of the airfoilupCoefficient of expression, A, representing the geometrical coordinates of the upper surface of the airfoillowThe expression coefficients represent the geometrical coordinates of the lower surface of the airfoil, x represents the airfoil surface abscissa, i represents the counting symbol, i is 0, 1.
AupAnd AlowThe values are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 coefficient of expression of airfoil geometry
Aup0 Aup1 Aup2 Aup3 Aup4
0.21638007 0.33637017 0.21288682 0.38203522 0.20023451
Aup5 Aup6 Aup7 Aup8 Alow0
0.32691136 0.29222219 0.27263788 0.35515365 -0.11443544
Alow1 Alow2 Alow3 Alow4 Alow5
-0.03299623 -0.10635662 0.12810278 -0.14195648 0.11761893
Alow6 Alow7 Alow8
-0.05864174 0.012177122 -0.0105914
For the airfoil designed by the invention, the incoming flow velocity is 9m/s in the design state, the Reynolds number is 1000 ten thousand orders, the lift coefficient is 1.4, and the lift coefficient curve in the attack angle of 0-12 degrees is shown in figure 2.
The wing section designed by the invention has the advantages that the thickness and the camber of the wing section are properly increased in order to improve the lift-drag ratio as much as possible, but the energy conversion efficiency of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine is obviously influenced by the resistance coefficient, the camber and the thickness of the wing section are still in a small range, and the balance is obtained between the larger lift-drag ratio and the acceptable resistance coefficient. The maximum camber position moves backwards relatively, and the cavitation problem of the front edge is relieved.
At the airfoil leading edge at the upper surface, the leading edge radius is increased in order to improve the stall characteristics of the airfoil. When the attack angle of the airfoil is large, the negative pressure at the front edge of the upper surface of the airfoil is the largest, so that the probability of cavitation is the largest, and in order to improve the anti-cavitation performance of the airfoil, the change gradient of the front part of the upper surface of the airfoil is mild, and the pressure change is continuous.
On the lower surface of the airfoil profile, in order to reduce the resistance coefficient, the lower surface is relatively flat and smooth in streamline transition; meanwhile, the middle part of the lower surface slightly protrudes upwards, so that the pressure coefficient of the lower surface is increased, and the lift-drag ratio is further increased.
In summary, the anti-cavitation airfoil profile with high lift-drag ratio for the transverse shaft tidal current energy water turbine designed by the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the maximum thickness of the airfoil is 12% C, and the camber is 5.2% C;
2. the maximum thickness position is 26.4% C, and the maximum thickness position is relatively moved backwards, so that the cavitation resistance of the front edge of the airfoil is enhanced;
3. the change gradient of the front edge of the upper surface of the airfoil is small, and the pressure gradient change of the front edge part is continuous, so that the cavitation problem of the front edge of the airfoil is solved;
4. the whole lower surface of the wing profile is relatively straight, and the middle part of the wing profile slightly protrudes upwards, so that a small resistance coefficient and a large lift-drag ratio are ensured;
5. the airfoil has a higher lift-to-drag ratio over a larger range of angles of attack.
The advantages of the Capity _ Opt airfoil designed according to the invention are verified below by means of comparative examples:
comparative example 1
In the comparative example, NACA 4412 was selected as a comparative airfoil for comparison with the airfoil designed according to the present invention. As shown in table 2, a comparison table of the performance of the designed airfoil and the comparison airfoil at the angle of attack of 10 ° is provided, as shown in fig. 3, a comparison graph of the pressure coefficient of the designed airfoil and the comparison airfoil at the angle of attack of 10 ° is provided, as shown in fig. 4, a comparison graph of the lift-drag ratio of the designed airfoil and the comparison airfoil at the full angle of attack is provided.
TABLE 2 Performance comparison of design airfoils to comparison airfoils
Angle of attack Coefficient of lift Lift to drag ratio
Designing an airfoil 10° 1.40 28.50
Comparative airfoil profile 10° 1.28 26.03
As can be seen from Table 2, the lift coefficient and the lift-drag ratio of the airfoil designed by the invention are respectively 1.4 and 28.50, the lift coefficient and the lift-drag ratio of the comparative airfoil are respectively 1.28 and 26.03, and the lift coefficient and the lift-drag ratio of the airfoil designed by the invention are obviously higher than those of the comparative airfoil.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, at an angle of attack of 10 degrees, the pressure dip is generated due to cavitation in the leading edge of the comparative airfoil, whereas the pressure dip is avoided in the airfoil designed according to the present invention, and the pressure transition is relatively gradual. The designed wing profile of the invention can ensure larger lift coefficient and lift-drag ratio, simultaneously avoid cavitation and meet the design requirement of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the lift-to-drag ratio of the designed airfoil profile of the invention at each angle of attack is greater than that of the comparative airfoil profile, thus showing the characteristic of high lift-to-drag ratio.
The invention also provides a cross shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade applying the wing profile and a cross shaft tidal current energy water turbine comprising the cross shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade.
The technical principles of the present invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the principles of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An optimal design method for an airfoil profile special for a cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) optimally designing the airfoil by using an optimization algorithm based on a proxy model, taking the lift-drag ratio in a full attack angle range as a target function f (x) based on preset parameters according to the operating conditions and performance requirements of the blades of the transverse-axis tidal current energy water turbine and taking the thickness, cavitation characteristics and stall characteristics of the airfoil as constraint conditions.
2. The optimal design method according to claim 1, wherein in the proxy model:
the proxy model is a kriging model,
the dotting criterion is Expected Improvement,
the number of the initial sample points is 30-45,
the total number of sample points is 280-400.
3. The optimal design method according to claim 2, wherein the preset parameters comprise turbine inflow velocity v, Reynolds number Re and attack angle range,
the incoming flow velocity v of the water turbine is 7-15 m/s,
the Reynolds number Re is 7 × 106～15×106，
The range of the attack angle is 0-20 degrees.
4. The optimal design method according to claim 3, wherein the objective function f (x) is represented by the following formula:
f(x)＝0.2×(CL/CD)α＝0°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝4°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝8°+0.2×(CL/CD)α＝12°+0.12×(CL/CD)α＝16°
in the formula, CLDenotes the coefficient of lift, CDRepresenting drag coefficient, α representing angle of attack;
the constraint is shown as follows:
0.99t0≤t≤1.2t0
Figure FDA0002484820790000021
CL，α＝12°≥0.95CL，α＝8°
wherein t represents airfoil thickness, t0Denotes a predetermined initial airfoil thickness, CPmin,α＝*Indicating the minimum negative pressure, C, at each angle of attackL,α＝*Indicating various angle of attack conditionsσ represents a preset cavitation number, and the expression of the coefficient of lift of (1) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002484820790000022
in the formula, PATDenotes atmospheric pressure, PVThe pressure value of gasification is shown, V is the flow velocity of the airfoil, rho is the density of sea water, g is the gravity acceleration, and h is the distance from the working height of the blades of the water turbine to the sea level.
5. An airfoil designed by the optimum design method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A cross-axis tidal current energy turbine blade, characterized in that the airfoil profile of claim 5 is applied.
7. The transverse axis tidal flow energy turbine blade of claim 6, wherein the geometrical coordinate expressions of the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil are respectively:
Figure FDA0002484820790000023
Figure FDA0002484820790000024
in the formula, yupRepresenting the upper surface ordinate, y, of the airfoillowDenotes the lower surface ordinate, A, of the airfoilupCoefficient of expression, A, representing the geometrical coordinates of the upper surface of the airfoillowThe expression coefficients represent the geometrical coordinates of the lower surface of the airfoil, x represents the airfoil surface abscissa, i represents the counting symbol, i is 0, 1.
8. The transverse axis tidal current energy turbine blade of claim 7, wherein A isup0Is 0.21638007, Aup1Is 0.33637017, Aup2Is 0.21288682, Aup3Is 0.38203522, Aup4Is 0.20023451, Aup5Is 0.32691136, Aup6Is 0.29222219, Aup7Is 0.27263788, Aup80.35515365;
Alow0is-0.11443544, Alow1Is-0.03299623, Alow2Is-0.10635662, Alow3Is 0.12810278, Alow4Is-0.14195648, Alow5Is 0.11761893, Alow6Is-0.05864174, Alow7Is 0.01217712, Alow8Is-0.0105914.
9. The transverse axis tidal flow energy turbine blade of claim 8, wherein the airfoil has a maximum thickness of 12% C, a maximum thickness position of 26.4% C, a maximum camber position of 5.2% C, and a maximum camber position of 39% C, wherein C is the airfoil chord length.
10. A cross-axis tidal current energy turbine comprising an engine and further comprising the cross-axis tidal current energy turbine blades as set forth in any of claims 6-9 above.
CN202010388659.4A 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Special wing section for blade of cross-shaft tidal current energy water turbine and application and optimal design method Pending CN111639400A (en)

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CN114856902A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-05 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 Water turbine speed regulating system optimization method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium
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