CN111638165B - Method for detecting durability of external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure - Google Patents
Method for detecting durability of external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002968 anti-fracture Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting the durability of an external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, and relates to the field of constructional engineering detection. Spraying water to a selected part to be measured on an outer wall, and taking a picture; drilling a hole in the part to be measured by a drilling machine to obtain a sample, and taking a picture; putting the sample into a constant temperature cabinet, and putting absorbent paper into the sample tank; comparing the pictures to judge the anti-permeability performance and the waterproof performance of the outer wall; simultaneously detecting the water content of the absorbent paper, and judging the humidity condition of each part to be detected on the outer wall; applying pressure to the sample; putting the samples into a hot temperature cabinet and a cold storage cabinet; and judging the damage condition of the sample after pressure application and temperature change. The invention not only can detect whether the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure meets the design standard, but also can help people to preliminarily detect the anti-seepage performance and the waterproof performance of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, thereby helping people to judge the anti-dropping capability of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of constructional engineering detection, in particular to a method for detecting the durability of an energy-saving heat-insulating structure of an outer wall.
Background
At present, more and more houses are built in China, and an external wall heat insulation system is popularized from 2007 in China to achieve the effect of building energy conservation and heat insulation. At present, the design service life of a building structure in China is generally 50 years, and the design service life of external wall heat insulation is generally about 30 years, so that the design service life of the external wall heat insulation is much shorter than that of the building structure; meanwhile, because the external wall heat insulation system is popularized nationwide from 2007, the popularization and use time is short, and the research on the relevant performance of the external wall heat insulation system is less, the construction quality of the external wall at the present stage is mainly constructed according to the construction experience of each unit, and at present, a method for comprehensively detecting the construction quality of the external wall energy-saving heat insulation structure does not exist.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a detection system and a detection method (publication number: CN 107202793A) for detecting the quality defects of the outer wall of the building, which comprises a flight device, a surface condition acquisition device and a monitoring system, wherein the flight device is used for automatically recording the position of the place where the flight device is located in real time, the surface condition acquisition device is used for acquiring the surface condition of the outer wall of the building, and the monitoring system is used for controlling the flight device and the surface condition acquisition device to work.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: the factors detected by the prior art are few, the falling and cracking conditions of the outer wall can only be detected, the detection range is narrow, the waterproof performance and the anti-seepage capability of the energy-saving heat-insulation structure of the outer wall cannot be detected, and people cannot be helped to judge the influence of temperature difference change on the detection of the energy-saving heat-insulation structure of the outer wall, so that a method capable of comprehensively helping people to preliminarily detect (judge) the construction quality of the energy-saving heat-insulation structure of the outer wall is necessary to be provided again.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for detecting the durability of an external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, which can help people to preliminarily perform comprehensive qualitative judgment on the construction quality of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for detecting the durability of an external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure comprises the following steps,
s1: selecting a plurality of parts to be detected on an outer wall, photographing each part to be detected selected on the outer wall to obtain a first picture, spraying pressurized normal-temperature water to the parts to be detected selected on the outer wall through a water spraying vehicle, and photographing the parts to be detected again to obtain a second picture;
s2: taking samples with the diameter of 70mm at each part to be measured of the outer wall through a drilling machine, and taking pictures of each sample to obtain a third picture, wherein a groove reserved after the samples are taken out at the part to be measured of the outer wall is called a sample groove;
s3: putting all samples into a constant temperature cabinet, putting absorbent paper into each sample groove, and sealing the notch of each sample groove by using a polyethylene film;
s4: observing the water contents of the first picture, the second picture and the third picture, and judging the permeability resistance of the finishing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of an outer heat insulation system of the outer wall after comparing the water contents of the pictures; after the absorbent paper is placed in the sample tank for 24 hours, taking out the absorbent paper from the sample tank, detecting the water content of the absorbent paper, and judging the humidity condition of each part to be detected on the outer wall according to the water content of the absorbent paper;
s5: judging whether each layer of material in the sample is consistent with that in the drawing according to the engineering design drawing, and detecting whether the thickness of each layer of material in each sample meets the design requirement of the drawing by using a steel ruler;
s6: sequentially taking out samples in the constant temperature cabinet, putting the samples into a cavity with the diameter of 72mm, applying pressure to the samples in the cavity, and finally taking out the samples from the cavity;
s7: putting all samples into a hot temperature cabinet, taking out all samples in the hot temperature cabinet after 2-4 hours, putting all samples into a refrigerated cabinet, and taking out all samples in the refrigerated cabinet after 2-4 hours;
s8: and after repeating the step S7 for three to six times, splitting the sample according to different materials, and judging the damage condition of each layer of material in the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall after pressure application and temperature change.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the first picture, the second picture and the third picture are compared and the water content of each picture is observed, people can preliminarily judge the permeability resistance of the finishing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of the outer heat insulation system of the outer wall; by observing the damage condition of each layer of material after the sample is subjected to pressure application treatment, people can preliminarily judge the stress cracking resistance of the outer wall; after the sample is subjected to pressure treatment, the sample is put into a hot temperature cabinet and a cold storage cabinet, and the influence of temperature difference change on the sample to be detected can be preliminarily judged by people. In a construction site, the method can not only detect whether the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure meets the design standard, but also help people to preliminarily detect the anti-permeability and waterproof performance of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, and further help people to judge the anti-dropping capability of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure to be detected.
In a preferred example, the present invention may be further configured that, in step S4, the inside of the sample tank is replaced with a new absorbent paper every 24 hours, the notch of the sample tank at the position to be detected is sealed with the polyethylene film again, the moisture content of the absorbent paper taken out from the sample tank is detected, and the humidity change condition of each position to be detected on the outer wall is determined according to the moisture content change condition of different absorbent papers. By adopting the technical scheme, the humidity change condition in the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall to be detected can be preliminarily judged according to the water content change conditions of different absorbent paper.
The invention may further be configured in a preferred example, the water spraying vehicle further includes a computer, a humidity collecting device is further disposed inside the sample tank, a signal receiver is disposed in the computer, the humidity collecting device includes a humidity sensor, a storage, a microprocessor and a signal transmitter, the humidity sensor is used for detecting humidity information inside the sample tank in real time and sending the detected humidity information to the microprocessor, the microprocessor stores the humidity information in the storage and sends the humidity information to the signal receiver through the signal transmitter every 1 hour, and the signal receiver stores the humidity information from the signal transmitter in the computer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the humidity change condition of the external wall energy-saving and heat-insulating structure can be collected in real time through the humidity collecting device, and meanwhile, people can compare the humidity change condition collected by the humidity collecting device with the humidity change condition collected by the absorbent paper, so that the humidity change condition in the external wall energy-saving and heat-insulating structure to be detected can be judged more accurately.
The invention may in a preferred example be further configured such that the temperature within the thermostatic cabinet is between 20 and 30 ℃. Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the constant temperature cabinet can protect the sample, can avoid the sample to receive the influence under extremely cold or extremely hot environment, and then avoids in follow-up testing process, the detection accuracy of sample receives the influence.
The present invention in a preferred example can be further configured such that in step S6, a weight is placed on top of the sample in the cavity, and the weight in the cavity applies pressure to the sample by the action of gravity.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the weight is the standard component, consequently, people can be clear know the size of the sample pressure that receives in the cavity, people can be through increasing or reducing weight quantity and weight to the pressure that accurate control sample received, and then the anti cracking ability of accurate judgement sample after receiving pressure.
The invention may in a preferred example be further configured such that the air humidity of the thermal incubator is 85-95%. By adopting the technical scheme, people can further judge that the corrosion-resistant layer in the sample is influenced by moisture.
The invention in a preferred example can be further configured that the temperature inside the hot temperature cabinet is 60-70 ℃, and the temperature inside the cold storage cabinet is-20-0 ℃. By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can be attached to the environment of the outer wall, and further can help people to judge the influence of temperature difference change on the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall more accurately.
The invention can be further configured in a preferable example that the corrosion-resistant layer of the disassembled energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall is placed in an alkaline environment with the pH value of 8-9 for 2-4 hours, and the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant layer is checked. By adopting the technical scheme, the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant layer in the sample can be detected, and the pH value of the alkaline environment for detecting the corrosion-resistant layer is preferably 8.5 in actual work.
The invention can be further configured in a preferred example, and the permeability resistance of the finishing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of the outer heat insulation system of the outer wall can be judged again by analyzing the water content of each layer of the split materials. By adopting the technical scheme, the anti-permeability and waterproof performance of the outer wall can be judged more accurately.
In a preferred example of the present invention, in step S7, the sample is photographed each time after the sample is taken out from the hot cabinet, a fourth picture is obtained, the sample is photographed each time after the sample is taken out from the refrigerator, a fifth picture is obtained, and the third picture, the fourth picture and the fifth picture are compared to determine the influence of the temperature change on the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall to be tested. Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, people can also judge the influence of high temperature to the energy-conserving heat preservation structure of outer wall after comparison third picture and fourth picture, and people can also judge the influence of low temperature to the energy-conserving heat preservation structure of outer wall after comparison third picture and fifth picture.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention can carry out on-site detection on the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure in a construction site, not only can detect whether the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure meets the design standard, but also can help people to preliminarily detect the anti-permeability and waterproof performance of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, and further can help people to judge the anti-falling capability of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure to be detected.
2. According to the invention, the stress cracking resistance of the outer wall can be preliminarily detected (judged) by observing the damage condition of each layer of material after the sample is subjected to pressure application treatment; after being subjected to pressure treatment, the sample is put into a hot temperature cabinet and a cold storage cabinet, so that people can preliminarily judge that the sample to be detected is influenced by temperature difference change.
3. Because the weight is the standard part, consequently, when adding the weight, people can be clear know the size of the sample pressure that receives in the cavity, and people can be through increasing or reducing weight quantity and weight to the pressure that accurate control sample received, and then judge the anti fracture ability of sample after receiving the pressure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for detecting the durability of an energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of an external wall, which comprises the following steps,
s1: spraying water to the selected part to be measured on the outer wall, and taking a picture,
selecting a plurality of parts to be detected on an outer wall, photographing each part to be detected selected on the outer wall to obtain a first picture, spraying pressurized normal-temperature water to the parts to be detected selected on the outer wall through a water spraying vehicle, and photographing the parts to be detected again to obtain a second picture;
in actual work, because the first picture and the second picture are multiple, people can adopt different devices to obtain the first picture and the second picture in order to avoid confusing the first picture and the second picture.
S2: the drilling machine drills holes on the part to be measured to obtain a sample, and takes a picture,
taking samples with the diameter of 70mm from each part to be measured of the outer wall through a drilling machine, and taking pictures of each sample to obtain a third picture, wherein a groove reserved after the samples are taken out is called a sample groove on the part to be measured of the outer wall;
in actual work, when a drilling machine samples, the appearance of a sample (core sample) should be kept complete and strictly executed according to GB-50411-2019 'construction quality acceptance standard of building energy-saving and heat-insulating structures'.
S3: putting the sample into a constant temperature cabinet, putting absorbent paper into the sample tank,
putting all samples into a constant temperature cabinet, putting absorbent paper into each sample groove, and sealing the notch of each sample groove by using a polyethylene film;
in actual work, the polyethylene film is used for sealing the notch of the sample groove, and is used for enabling the interior of the sample groove to be exposed to sunlight as much as possible, so that the environment where the outer wall is located is simulated as much as possible, and errors are reduced.
S4: comparing the pictures to judge the anti-permeability performance and the waterproof performance of the outer wall; simultaneously, the water content of the absorbent paper is detected, the humidity condition of each part to be detected on the outer wall is judged,
observing the water contents of the first picture, the second picture and the third picture, and judging the permeability resistance of the finishing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of an outer heat insulation system of the outer wall after comparing the water contents of the pictures; after the absorbent paper is placed in the sample tank for 24 hours, taking out the absorbent paper from the sample tank, detecting the water content of the absorbent paper, and judging the humidity condition of each part to be detected on the outer wall according to the water content of the absorbent paper;
in practical operation, in step S4, in order to obtain a more accurate reaction monitoring result, the inside of the sample tank is replaced with a new piece of absorbent paper every 24 hours, the notch of the sample tank at the position to be detected is sealed with a polyethylene film, the water content of the absorbent paper taken out of the sample tank is detected, and the humidity change condition of each position to be detected on the outer wall is determined according to the water content change conditions of different pieces of absorbent paper. According to the invention, the humidity change condition inside the external wall energy-saving and heat-insulating structure to be detected can be preliminarily judged according to the water content change conditions of different absorbent papers.
Furthermore, still have the computer on the sprinker, humidity collection device has still been placed in the sample cell inside, be provided with signal receiver in the computer, humidity collection device includes humidity transducer, accumulator, microprocessor and signal transmitter, humidity transducer is used for the inside humidity information (specific numerical value) of real-time detection sample cell to will detect humidity information (specific numerical value) and send for microprocessor, microprocessor is with humidity information storage in the accumulator, and send for signal receiver every 1 hour through signal transmitter interval, signal receiver will come from signal transmitter's humidity information storage in the computer (also the computer is with the humidity information storage that signal receiver received).
According to the invention, the humidity change condition of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure can be collected in real time through the humidity collecting device, and meanwhile, people can compare the humidity change condition collected by the humidity collecting device with the humidity change condition collected by the absorbent paper, so that the humidity change condition in the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure to be detected can be more accurately judged.
S5: judging whether the sample meets the design requirements or not,
judging whether each layer of material in the sample is consistent with that in the drawing according to the engineering design drawing, and detecting whether the thickness of each layer of material in each sample meets the design requirement of the drawing by using a steel ruler;
in actual work, during detection and judgment, a sample (core sample) is strictly executed according to GB-50411-2019 'construction quality acceptance standard of building energy-saving and heat-preserving structures'.
S6: the sample is subjected to a pressure-applying treatment,
sequentially taking out samples in the constant temperature cabinet, putting the samples into a cavity with the diameter of 72mm, applying pressure to the samples in the cavity, and finally taking out the samples from the cavity;
preferably, in step S6, a weight is placed on top of the sample in the cavity, and the weight in the cavity applies pressure to the sample through the action of gravity.
In the time of actual work, the weight of weight can adopt a plurality of different grades, can adopt 50g, 100g, 200g, 500g and 1000g like the weight, because the weight is the standard component, consequently, people can be clear know the size of the sample received pressure in the cavity, people can be through increasing or reducing weight quantity and weight to the pressure that accurate control sample received, and then the anti fracture ability of accurate judgement sample after receiving the pressure.
S7: the samples were placed in a hot and cold cabinet,
all samples are put into a hot temperature cabinet, after 2 to 4 hours, all the samples in the hot temperature cabinet are taken out, then all the samples are put into a refrigerated cabinet, and after 2 to 4 hours, all the samples in the refrigerated cabinet are taken out;
in actual work, the temperature in the constant temperature cabinet is selected to be 20-30 ℃. Keep the constant temperature cabinet at above-mentioned temperature and can protect the sample, can avoid the sample to receive the influence under extremely cold or extremely hot environment, and then avoid in subsequent testing process, the detection accuracy of sample receives the influence.
In actual work, the air humidity of the hot temperature cabinet is 85-95%. People can further put the sample into a heat temperature cabinet with higher humidity, and then judge whether the corrosion-resistant layer in the sample is easily influenced by moisture or not and is easily corroded.
The temperature in the hot temperature cabinet is 60-70 ℃, and the temperature in the cold storage cabinet is-20-0 ℃. The invention can be attached to the environment of the outer wall, thereby helping people to judge the influence of temperature difference change on the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall more accurately.
Furthermore, in step S7, the sample is photographed after being taken out of the hot cabinet each time to obtain a fourth picture, the sample is photographed after being taken out of the cold cabinet each time to obtain a fifth picture, and the third picture, the fourth picture and the fifth picture are compared to judge the influence of the temperature change on the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall to be tested. Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, people can also judge the influence of high temperature to the energy-conserving heat preservation structure of outer wall after comparison third picture and fourth picture, and people can also judge the influence of low temperature to the energy-conserving heat preservation structure of outer wall after comparison third picture and fifth picture.
S8: judging the damage condition of the sample after pressure application and temperature change,
and after repeating the step S7 for three to six times, splitting the sample according to different materials, and judging the damage condition of each layer of material in the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure after pressure application and temperature change.
As a preferred scheme, the corrosion-resistant layer of the disassembled energy-saving heat-insulating structure of the outer wall is placed in an alkaline environment with the pH value of 8-9 for 2-4 hours, and the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant layer is tested. The invention can detect the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant layer in the sample, and the pH value of the alkaline environment for detecting the corrosion-resistant layer is preferably 8.5 in actual work.
During actual work, the invention can judge the permeability resistance of the facing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of the outer heat insulation system of the outer wall again by analyzing the water content of each layer of the split materials. By adopting the technical scheme, the anti-permeability and waterproof performance of the outer wall can be judged more accurately.
During actual work, after comparing the first picture, the second picture and the third picture and observing the water content of each picture, people can preliminarily judge the permeability resistance of the facing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of the outer heat insulation system of the outer wall; by observing the damage condition of each layer of material after the sample is subjected to pressure application treatment, people can preliminarily judge the stress cracking resistance of the outer wall; after the sample is subjected to pressure treatment, the sample is put into a hot temperature cabinet and a cold storage cabinet, and the influence of temperature difference change on the sample to be detected can be preliminarily judged by people. In a construction site, the method can detect whether the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure meets the design standard, and can help people to preliminarily detect the anti-permeability performance and the waterproof performance of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure, so that people can judge the anti-dropping capability of the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure to be detected.
In actual work, the performance of the outer wall is judged in the invention, namely the judged object can be qualitatively judged, for example, the anti-permeation performance, the waterproof performance, the anti-cracking capability, the temperature difference change influence resistance and other detected objects can be classified into a strong object, a medium object and a weak object, if the performance of the outer wall is too poor, for example, the waterproof performance is too poor, so that the outer wall does not accord with the design standard of a design unit, the conclusion (report) that the waterproof performance does not accord with the design requirement can be made.
In actual work, the detection equipment adopted by the invention is simple, only one water spraying vehicle is needed to be prepared, and a computer, a constant temperature cabinet, a hot temperature cabinet, a cold storage cabinet, a plurality of dry absorbent paper, weights and a humidity collecting device are prepared in the water spraying vehicle.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting the durability of an energy-saving heat-insulating structure of an external wall is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: selecting a plurality of parts to be detected on an outer wall, photographing each part to be detected selected on the outer wall to obtain a first picture, spraying pressurized normal-temperature water to the parts to be detected selected on the outer wall through a water spraying vehicle, and photographing the parts to be detected again to obtain a second picture;
s2: taking samples with the diameter of 70mm at each part to be measured of the outer wall through a drilling machine, and taking pictures of each sample to obtain a third picture, wherein a groove reserved after the samples are taken out at the part to be measured of the outer wall is called a sample groove;
s3: putting all samples into a constant temperature cabinet, putting absorbent paper into each sample groove, and sealing the notch of each sample groove by using a polyethylene film;
s4: observing the water contents of the first picture, the second picture and the third picture, and judging the permeability resistance of the finishing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of an external heat insulation system of the outer wall after comparing the water contents of the pictures; after the absorbent paper is placed in the sample tank for 24 hours, taking out the absorbent paper from the sample tank, detecting the water content of the absorbent paper, and judging the humidity condition of each part to be detected on the outer wall according to the water content of the absorbent paper;
s5: judging whether each layer of material in the sample is consistent with that in the drawing according to the engineering design drawing, and detecting whether the thickness of each layer of material in each sample meets the design requirement of the drawing by using a steel ruler;
s6: sequentially taking out samples in the constant temperature cabinet, putting the samples into a cavity with the diameter of 72mm, applying pressure to the samples in the cavity, and finally taking out the samples from the cavity;
a weight is placed at the top of the sample in the cavity, and the weight in the cavity applies pressure to the sample through the action of gravity;
s7: putting all samples into a hot temperature cabinet, taking out all samples in the hot temperature cabinet after 2-4 hours, putting all samples into a refrigerated cabinet, and taking out all samples in the refrigerated cabinet after 2-4 hours;
s8: after repeating the step S7 for three to six times, splitting the sample according to different materials, and judging the damage condition of each layer of material in the external wall energy-saving heat-insulating structure after pressure application and temperature change;
putting the detached corrosion-resistant layer of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall into an alkaline environment with the pH value of 8-9 for 2-4 hours, and inspecting the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant layer;
the permeability resistance of the facing material of the outer wall and the waterproof performance of the outer heat insulation system of the outer wall can be judged again by analyzing the water content of each layer of the split materials.
2. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the exterior wall according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the interior of the sample tank is replaced by a brand-new absorbent paper every 24 hours, the notch of the sample tank at the position to be detected is sealed by a polyethylene film, the water content of the absorbent paper taken out of the sample tank is detected, and the humidity change condition of each position to be detected on the exterior wall is judged according to the water content change conditions of different absorbent papers.
3. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the outer wall according to claim 2, wherein the water spraying vehicle is further provided with a computer, a humidity collecting device is further arranged inside the sample tank, a signal receiver is arranged in the computer, the humidity collecting device comprises a humidity sensor, a storage, a microprocessor and a signal transmitter, the humidity sensor is used for detecting humidity information inside the sample tank in real time and sending the detected humidity information to the microprocessor, the microprocessor stores the humidity information in the storage and sends the humidity information to the signal receiver through the signal transmitter every 1 hour, and the signal receiver stores the humidity information from the signal transmitter in the computer.
4. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving heat-insulating structure of the external wall according to claim 3, wherein the temperature in the constant temperature cabinet is 20-30 ℃.
5. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air humidity of the heat warm cabinet is 85-95%.
6. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall according to claim 5, wherein the temperature inside the hot cabinet is 60-70 ℃ and the temperature inside the cold cabinet is-20-0 ℃.
7. The method for detecting the durability of the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the sample is photographed after being taken out of the hot cabinet each time to obtain a fourth picture, the sample is photographed after being taken out of the refrigerator each time to obtain a fifth picture, and the third picture, the fourth picture and the fifth picture are compared to judge the influence of the temperature change on the energy-saving and heat-insulating structure of the external wall to be detected.
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