CN111637994A - Distributed optical fiber sensing device, system and method for measuring cable stress in power transmission line - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensing device, system and method for measuring cable stress in power transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN111637994A CN111637994A CN202010460578.0A CN202010460578A CN111637994A CN 111637994 A CN111637994 A CN 111637994A CN 202010460578 A CN202010460578 A CN 202010460578A CN 111637994 A CN111637994 A CN 111637994A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/243—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis
- G01L1/245—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis using microbending
Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing device, a system and a method for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line. The device consists of optical fibers, a metal columnar structure body, a rolling shaft and various connecting hardware fittings, and is packaged. And winding the optical fiber on the surfaces of front and rear metal columnar structures or front and rear rolling shafts for a plurality of circles, fixing two ends of the optical fiber, and amplifying a short-distance strain range into the whole section of wound optical fiber to match the spatial resolution of the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment. The device is used for connecting the insulator and the transmission cable on a strain tower in the transmission line, and when distributed sensing is carried out on the stress state of the long-distance transmission cable, the connecting optical fibers at two ends of the device are connected with the communication optical fibers in the transmission line in series, so that distributed monitoring on the stress state of all the transmission cables in the line can be realized by the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment by utilizing the communication optical fibers in the transmission line. The invention not only effectively prolongs the monitoring distance of optical fiber sensing, but also improves the measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid monitoring and distributed optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber sensing device, a system and a method for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line.
Background
The transmission line has wide coverage area, a plurality of supporting towers, long transmission distance, and complex conditions of geography, landform, surrounding environment, weather and the like of the transmission line. Therefore, in the operation process, the transmission line can face the examination of various severe conditions, and various problems such as tower inclination, foreign body suspension, icing and the like are caused. These problems can cause the transmission line to be subjected to abnormal tension and even cause the transmission cable to break, causing serious consequences. By monitoring the stress change of the power transmission cable, the state of the power transmission line can be effectively judged in an auxiliary mode, and the safe operation of the power transmission line is guaranteed. The traditional monitoring mode takes manual inspection, a camera and the like as main means. However, due to the large scale, long length and complex environment along the transmission line, the traditional mode is difficult to completely cover the whole transmission line, and a plurality of monitoring blind areas exist.
In order to perform more comprehensive monitoring on the power transmission line, in recent years, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology has received great attention in monitoring the power transmission line. At present, in part of extra-high voltage transmission lines, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) is adopted as a ground wire. Because the communication optical fiber is integrated in the cable, people can monitor the state of each position along the optical fiber in the OPGW by utilizing the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment to be connected with the optical fiber in the OPGW, and further reflect the state of the OPGW line. However, in this method, the state of the OPGW line is measured by the distributed optical fiber sensing device, and since the phase line in the power transmission line usually does not contain an optical fiber, this method cannot directly measure the state of the phase line, and can only indirectly estimate the state of the phase line by measuring the state of the OPGW line, which has a large error.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problem that a phase line in a power transmission line does not contain optical fibers and the strain state of the phase line cannot be directly monitored by distributed optical fiber sensing equipment, the invention provides a distributed optical fiber sensing device, a system and a method for measuring the cable stress in the power transmission line, and the distributed optical fiber sensing device can be used for carrying out long-distance distributed sensing on the stress borne by the phase line of the power transmission line.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a distributed optical fiber sensing device, a system and a method for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line are disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment realizes the measurement of the optical fiber strain by measuring the Brillouin scattering signal in the optical fiber. Because brillouin scattering is inelastic scattering, the central frequency of backward brillouin scattering light in an optical fiber and the central frequency of incident light have a frequency difference of about 11GHz, that is, brillouin frequency shift. When strain is generated in the optical fiber, the refractive index of the optical fiber is changed due to the elasto-optic effect and the thermo-optic effect, and simultaneously the Young modulus, the Poisson ratio and the density of the optical fiber are also changed, so that the Brillouin frequency shift in the optical fiber is changed. The Brillouin frequency shift amount and the strain in the common single-mode optical fiber meet a certain linear relation, the strain-Brillouin frequency shift coefficient is 4.98MHz/100 mu, and the strain generated in the optical fiber is measured and calculated by monitoring the change of the Brillouin frequency shift amount.
The shortest optical fiber length that the system can accurately monitor the strain change is the spatial resolution. If the strain changes over a length of fiber shorter than the spatial resolution, the strain value monitored by the system is less than the actual strain change. In the whole strain monitoring system, factors such as the pulse width of the detection light, the response time of the photoelectric detector, the bandwidth of the band-pass filter, the acquisition rate and the like all influence the spatial resolution. Taking the pulse width of the detection light as an example without considering other factors, if the width of the rectangular detection light pulse incident on the sensing fiber is τ, and the dispersion in the fiber is ignored, the spatial resolution of the system can be expressed as: l ═ τ c/2n, c is the speed of light propagation in vacuum, and n is the core index of refraction of ordinary optical fibers. From the above formula, it can be seen that the narrower the pulse width is, the higher the spatial resolution is, however, since the brillouin gain spectrum characteristic is affected by the phonon characteristic in the optical fiber, the pulse width cannot be infinitely reduced, and when the brillouin gain spectrum is less than 10ns of the phonon lifetime, the brillouin gain spectrum is sharply broadened, so that the effective power of the brillouin scattering signal is submerged in noise, and when long-distance transmission is performed, the pulse light cannot be very narrow. Therefore, in order to meet the limitation of the spatial resolution of the system, external strain events are transversely superposed together within the same distance to prolong the strain distance on the optical fiber, so that the spatial resolution of the system is matched, and the monitoring precision is improved.
Based on the principle of the invention, two device structures for measuring the stress of the transmission cable in the transmission line by the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment are designed, namely a device A and a device B.
The device A comprises a sensing optical cable, an optical fiber leading-out terminal, a thick bolt, a metal structure body, a bracket end and a first metal packaging shell. The metal structure body is composed of two strips with the length L1Of metal sheet and two pieces of diameter d1Length of l1The metal cylinder of (1) form, two metal sheet parallel arrangement, two metal cylinder are pour perpendicularly respectively in metal sheet both ends certain distance department, make a round trip to coil r circle with optic fibre on two cylinder surfaces, the number of turns can set up according to actual demand by oneself, the optic fibre both ends that the coiling is good are fixed respectively on the metal sheet, metal structure body both ends are fixed together with thick bolt and support frame end, whole first metal package shell of reuse encapsulates, derive from first metal package shell again optic fibre stranding by optic fibre leading-out terminal, at last thoroughly seal first metal package shell exit.
Preferably, the metal structure body is made of spring steel with good elastic modulus; two ends of the wound optical fiber are respectively stuck on the metal sheet by epoxy resin glue.
When the device A applies pulling force to the two ends of the front and rear supports, the metal structure body can generate corresponding axial stretching deformation, so that the same stretching is generated for each circle of optical fiber, the device A transmits the strain generated on the metal structure body to the optical fiber, and the strain range on the metal structure body is expanded by dozens of times.
The device B comprises a sensing optical cable, an optical fiber leading-out terminal, a thick bolt, a metal sheet, a rolling shaft, a bracket end and a second metal packaging shell. The device is provided with two strips of length L2Of four metal sheets of diameter d2Length of l2The two rolling shafts are connected in series through a thick bolt, the support end is fixed in the middle of the thick bolt, the rolling shafts are located on two sides of the support end, and the other thick bolt is of the same structure. The two metal sheets are arranged in parallel and are respectively and vertically connected with the end parts of the two thick bolts. Optical fiber is at front and back 4 roller bearing surfaces coiling r circles that make a round trip, and the number of turns can set up according to actual demand by oneself, and the optical fiber both ends that the coiling is good are pasted on the metal sheet with the epoxy glue respectively, and whole reuse second metal package shell encapsulates, derives the optic fibre stranding from metal package shell again by optic fibre leading-out terminal, thoroughly seals second metal package shell exit at last.
Preferably, the metal sheet and the roller are made of spring steel with good elastic modulus; two ends of the wound optical fiber are respectively stuck on the metal sheet by epoxy resin glue.
When the device B exerts pulling force at the two ends of the front and rear support ends, the metal structure body can generate corresponding axial tensile deformation, the device B transmits the strain generated on the metal structure body to each circle of optical fiber, and the strain range on the metal structure body is expanded by dozens of times.
The size of the device and the number of turns of the wound optical fiber can be set according to actual requirements.
A distributed optical fiber sensing system for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line comprises a plurality of devices A, communication optical fibers and distributed optical fiber sensing equipment, or a plurality of devices B, the communication optical fibers and the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment. The device A and the device B are used for connecting insulators and transmission cables on strain towers in a transmission line, and when distributed sensing is conducted on the stress state of a long-distance transmission cable, distributed optical fiber sensing equipment and a plurality of devices are connected into an OPGW or a common communication optical fiber line in series through a guide optical cable, so that the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment can achieve distributed monitoring on the stress state of all transmission cables in the line through the OPGW or the common communication optical fiber in the transmission line.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention adopts the mode that the optical fiber is wound on the structural body back and forth, so that each circle of optical fiber can be synchronously stretched along with the strain of the structural body, the strain on a small distance is expanded into the whole section of wound optical fiber, the range is expanded by dozens of times, the limitation of the spatial resolution of the distributed optical fiber sensing in the actual engineering is broken through, and the monitoring distance is greatly prolonged.
(2) The stress state of the cable in the power transmission line is monitored by using the communication optical fiber in the power transmission line, and an additional light path does not need to be laid; and when long-distance monitoring is carried out, only one monitoring device is needed, so that the monitoring cost is greatly saved.
(3) The invention transmits the strain of the measured object in a very short distance to a longer optical fiber length, thereby improving the measurement precision of the strain event.
(4) The invention has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and easy installation.
(5) The invention can conveniently and reliably maintain the prestress of the optical fiber during construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the apparatus A of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the packaging of device A of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the apparatus B of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the packaging of device B of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus and system of the present invention in a grid monitoring application;
the optical fiber sensing device comprises a sensing optical cable 1, an optical fiber leading-out terminal 2, a thick bolt 3, an optical fiber 4, a metal structure 5, a support end 6, a metal sheet 7, a rolling shaft 8, a first metal packaging shell 9, a second metal packaging shell 10, distributed optical fiber sensing equipment 11, a device A12 and an OPGW 13.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Based on the principle of the invention, two device structures, namely a device A and a device B, are designed.
As shown in fig. 1, the device a includes a sensing optical cable 1, an optical fiber 4, an optical fiber outgoing terminal 2, a thick bolt 3, a metal structure 5, a bracket end 6, and a first metal package case 9. The metal structure body 5 is composed of two metal sheet-shaped objects with the length of 15cm and two metal cylinders with the diameter of 4cm and the length of 7cm, the two metal sheet-shaped objects are arranged in parallel, the two metal cylinders are respectively and vertically poured at the positions with a certain distance from the two ends of the metal sheet-shaped objects, and the metal structure body 5 is made of spring steel with good elastic modulus. With optic fibre 4 at two cylinder surfaces 20 circles of coiling back and forth, the number of turns can set up according to actual demand by oneself, the optic fibre both ends that the coiling is good are pasted on the metal sheet thing with the epoxy glue respectively, 5 both ends of metal structure are together fixed with thick bolt 3 and support end 6, whole first metal package shell 9 of reuse encapsulates, derive optic fibre stranding from first metal package shell 9 again by optic fibre leading-out terminal 2, the inside optic fibre 4 that is of first metal package shell 9, the outside is the optical cable 1 of deriving, it is thoroughly sealed with waterproof coating with first metal package shell 9 exit at last.
As shown in fig. 2, is a packaged device a.
As shown in fig. 3, the device B includes a sensing optical cable 1, an optical fiber 4, an optical fiber outgoing terminal 2, a thick bolt 3, a metal sheet 7, a roller 8, a bracket end 6, and a second metal package housing 10. Two rolling shafts 8 with the diameter of 4cm and the length of 4cm are connected in series through a thick bolt 3, a bracket end 6 is fixed in the middle of the thick bolt 3, the rolling shafts 8 are positioned on two sides of the bracket end 6, and the other thick bolt 3 is also in the same structure. The length of the two metal sheets 7 is 17cm, and the two metal sheets are symmetrically connected with the end parts of the two thick bolts 3. Optical fiber 4 makes a round trip to wind 20 circles around 4 front and back roller bearings 8 surfaces, the number of turns can set up according to actual demand by oneself, the good optical fiber both ends of coiling are pasted on sheetmetal 7 with the epoxy glue respectively, whole reuse second metal package shell 10 encapsulates, derive from second metal package shell 10 again with optic fibre cabling by optic fibre leading-out terminal 2, the inside optic fibre 4 that is of second metal package shell 10, the outside is the optical cable 1 of deriving, thoroughly seal with waterproof coating in the exit of second metal package shell 10 at last.
As shown in fig. 4, is a packaged device B.
As shown in fig. 5, a method for distributed optical fiber sensing for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line, which is described by taking a device a as an example, includes the following steps:
(1) in an ultra-high voltage transmission line, an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) is adopted as a ground wire; the device A is connected between the insulator on the tension tower and the transmission cable through the connecting hardware fitting, and the front and rear connecting parts of each tension tower are respectively connected with the device A, so that the stress states of two ends of the transmission cable can be monitored simultaneously.
(2) And respectively using an optical fiber in each section of OPGW among the tension towers provided with the device, connecting the devices A of each tension tower in series, and monitoring in real time by using the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment 11.
(3) The strain generated in the device A can change the refractive index of the optical fiber through an elasto-optical effect, and can also change the sound velocity in the optical fiber through the Young modulus, the Poisson ratio and the optical fiber density; sound velocity v in optical fiberaIs represented as follows:
wherein Y is Young's modulus, κ is Poisson's ratio, and ρ is the density of the optical fiber;
obtaining Brillouin spectrum frequency shift v in optical fiber according to sound velocity in optical fiberBNamely:
wherein n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, v is the frequency of the pump light, and c is the speed of light in vacuum;
shift △ v by Brillouin spectral shift in optical fiberBAnd calculating the strain value generated by the optical fiber in the device section according to the following formula:
△vB＝C
wherein, CThe strain-Brillouin frequency shift coefficient of the optical fiber is generally 498 MHz/in a common single-mode optical fiber, and finally the strain state of the connection part of the section of the power transmission line is obtained according to the inversion of the strain value.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a measure distributed optical fiber sensing device of cable stress among transmission line which characterized in that: the device comprises a sensing optical cable, an optical fiber leading-out terminal, a thick bolt, a metal structure body, a bracket end and a first metal packaging shell;
the metal structure body is composed of two strips with the length L1Of metal sheet and two pieces of diameter d1Length of l1The two metal cylinders are arranged in parallel, and are respectively vertically poured at the positions with a certain distance from the two ends of the metal sheet; the optical fiber is wound on the surfaces of the two metal cylinders back and forth in r circles, and two ends of the optical fiber are respectively fixed on the metal sheet-shaped object;
the two ends of the metal structure body are fixed together through thick bolts and support ends respectively and are packaged in the first metal packaging shell, the optical fiber is led out from the first metal packaging shell through the optical fiber leading-out terminal to be cabled, and the outlet of the first metal packaging shell is sealed.
2. The utility model provides a measure distributed optical fiber sensing device of cable stress among transmission line which characterized in that: the device comprises a sensing optical cable, an optical fiber leading-out terminal, a thick bolt, a metal sheet, a rolling shaft, a bracket end and a second metal packaging shell;
the device is provided with two strips of length L2Of four metal sheets of diameter d2Length of l2The two rolling shafts are connected in series through a thick bolt, the support end is fixed in the middle of the thick bolt, the rolling shafts are positioned on two sides of the support end, and the structures of the other thick bolt are the same; the two metal sheets are arranged in parallel and are respectively and vertically connected with the end parts of the two thick bolts;
the optical fiber is wound on the surfaces of the four rolling shafts back and forth to form r rings, two ends of the optical fiber are fixed on the metal sheets respectively and are packaged in the second metal packaging shell, the optical fiber is cabled by the optical fiber leading-out terminal and then led out from the second metal packaging shell, and the outlet of the second metal packaging shell is thoroughly sealed.
3. The distributed optical fiber sensing device for measuring cable stress in the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein: the metal structure body is made of spring steel.
4. The distributed optical fiber sensing device for measuring cable stress in the power transmission line according to claim 2, wherein: the metal sheet and the rolling shaft are made of spring steel.
5. The distributed optical fiber sensing device for measuring the cable stress in the power transmission line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and two ends of the optical fiber are respectively adhered to the metal sheet by epoxy resin glue.
6. A distributed optical fiber sensing system for measuring cable stress in a power transmission line based on the device of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the system comprises a plurality of devices, communication optical fibers and distributed optical fiber sensing equipment, wherein the devices are installed on a strain tower in a power transmission line, connectors at two ends of each device are respectively connected with an insulator and a power transmission cable, and the distributed optical fiber sensing equipment and the devices are connected into a communication optical cable line by using a guide optical cable.
7. The distributed optical fiber sensing method for measuring the cable stress in the power transmission line based on the system of claim 6 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) in an ultra-high voltage transmission line, an OPGW is used as a ground wire; connecting the device between an insulator on a strain tower and a transmission cable through a connecting hardware fitting, connecting one device at the front and rear connecting positions of each strain tower, and monitoring the stress states of two ends of the transmission cable;
(2) respectively using an optical fiber in each section of OPGW among the tension towers provided with the device, connecting the devices of each tension tower in series, and monitoring in real time by using distributed optical fiber sensing equipment;
(3) the strain generated in the device changes the refractive index of the optical fiber through an elasto-optical effect, and changes the sound velocity in the optical fiber through the Young modulus, the Poisson ratio and the optical fiber density; sound velocity v in optical fiberaIs represented as follows:
wherein Y is Young's modulus, κ is Poisson's ratio, and ρ is the density of the optical fiber;
obtaining Brillouin spectrum frequency shift v in optical fiber according to sound velocity in optical fiberBNamely:
wherein n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, v is the frequency of the pump light, and c is the speed of light in vacuum;
shift △ v by Brillouin spectral shift in optical fiberBAnd calculating the strain value generated by the optical fiber in the device section according to the following formula:
△vB＝C
wherein, CAnd finally, obtaining the strain state of the connection part of the section of the power transmission line according to the strain value inversion for the strain-Brillouin frequency shift coefficient of the optical fiber.
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