CN111637462A - Pyrolysis incineration method for medical waste - Google Patents
Pyrolysis incineration method for medical waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111637462A CN111637462A CN202010514324.2A CN202010514324A CN111637462A CN 111637462 A CN111637462 A CN 111637462A CN 202010514324 A CN202010514324 A CN 202010514324A CN 111637462 A CN111637462 A CN 111637462A
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- combustible
- waste
- pyrolysis
- medical waste
- incineration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
- A61L2/06—Hot gas
- A61L2/07—Steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrolysis incineration method of medical waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) classifying the medical waste to be treated; (2) crushing; (3) sterilizing; (4) obtaining a combustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed, and obtaining a non-combustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed; (5) putting combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into the lower end of a pyrolysis furnace, and putting non-combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into the upper end of the pyrolysis furnace to obtain an oil-gas mixture and a solid pyrolysis product; (6) cooling and separating; (7) decomposing the oil-gas mixture by a cooling separation device to obtain liquid oil and combustible gas; (8) pathological waste is treated by high-temperature incineration. The medical waste is classified into three types for treatment, and under the condition of low classification cost, the medical waste is classified and treated, so that the treatment efficiency is improved; after being crushed and sterilized, the raw materials are thermally decomposed and incinerated, so that the pyrolysis and incineration efficiency is improved, and the generation of harmful substances is reduced while the combustion is more sufficient; the liquid oil and the combustible gas are separated by cooling, so that the resource utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical waste treatment, in particular to a pyrolysis incineration method of medical waste.
Background
Medical waste refers to a general term for waste generated in hospitals, clinics, health and epidemic prevention, health care, inspection and other units related to medical health. Medical waste contains a large amount of viruses, germs and chemical agents, is waste which has great harm to the environment, and can cause serious environmental pollution if being treated improperly.
The types of medical waste produced by each medical unit include: infectious waste, pathological waste, cytotoxic waste, genotoxic waste, culture medium, medicament waste, chemical waste, pioneer waste, infectious disease area domestic garbage and the like. And radioactive waste, mercury-containing waste, explosive waste and class A infectious waste are additionally treated. In view of the fact that the medical waste composition data in China is still imperfect at present, the analysis difference of the component characteristic data and the change of the collected data are large, under the present situation, when the medical waste collection system is standardized, the quality of the medical waste is still a certain gap from the quality of the medical waste in developed countries, and the specific operation of hospitals is yet to be standardized step by step. The collection and classification of large hospitals are more standard, the quality of medical wastes is better, and the medical wastes of medium and small medical institutions contain more domestic wastes and have poorer classification quality. At present, hospitals, clinics, health centers and the like in most cities and towns in China adopt traditional incinerators, namely, a single combustion chamber is used for simple incineration, the medical waste is incompletely and incompletely incinerated, and pollutants with potential hazards can possibly enter the environment again, so that not only are dangerous substances not thoroughly treated, but also more serious secondary pollution is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a stable and continuous pyrolysis incineration method for medical waste, which has the advantages of sufficient combustion, effective removal of generated harmful substances and reduction of environmental pollution.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the pyrolysis incineration method of the medical waste comprises the following steps:
(1) the medical waste to be treated is classified into: combustible waste, non-combustible waste, pathological waste.
(2) Respectively putting combustible waste and non-combustible waste into a crushing device by a feeding device for crushing treatment to obtain granular raw materials: combustible waste particles, non-combustible waste particles.
(3) And respectively putting the crushed combustible waste particles and the crushed incombustible waste particles into a pressure steam sterilization device for sterilization treatment.
(4) Mixing the combustible waste particles treated in the step (3) with a catalyst to obtain a combustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed; and mixing the incombustible waste particles with a catalyst to obtain the incombustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed.
(5) The method comprises the steps of putting combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into an even cloth at the lower end of a pyrolyzing furnace, putting non-combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into an even cloth at the upper end of the pyrolyzing furnace, introducing reaction gas into the pyrolyzing furnace to carry out pyrolysis treatment, and obtaining an oil-gas mixture and a solid pyrolysis product through a drying step, a pyrolysis gasification step and a combustion step in an oxygen-free environment.
(6) And cooling the obtained oil-gas mixture and the solid pyrolysis product, placing the cooling and separating device at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and providing air cooling for the cooling and separating device.
(7) And decomposing the oil-gas mixture by a cooling separation device to obtain liquid oil and combustible gas, and purifying the combustible gas and then storing the purified combustible gas by a storage device.
(8) And (2) carrying out high-temperature incineration treatment on the pathological waste classified in the step (1).
Further, in the step (1), the sorting device used for sorting the medical waste to be processed is a sorting and collecting box, and medical waste of different sources is separately collected according to different types and stored in different containers.
Further, in the step (2), after the crushing treatment, the particle size of the medical waste is less than 10 mm.
Further, the pressure steam sterilization device used in the step (3) has the operation conditions of 100kpa and 120 ℃ and the operation time of 20 min.
Further, in the drying step in the step (5), the generated flue gas is heated and dried by using the temperature generated in the pyrolysis and gasification step, so that the moisture in the flue gas is volatilized.
Further, in the step (5), in the pyrolysis and gasification step, combustible materials such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like decomposed from the dried medical waste in the pyrolysis section and the gasification and combustion section enter mixed flue gas.
And (3) further, in the step (5), in the burning step, the residue after pyrolysis and gasification enters a burning section to be fully burned, the burning temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the generated energy is used for providing heat required by the pyrolysis section and the drying section.
Further, the liquid oil and the combustible gas obtained in the step (6) are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, tar solvent oil liquid products and carbon black solid residues.
Furthermore, in the step (7), a bag-type dust collector and a catalytic reaction tower are sequentially used for purifying the combustible gas, activated carbon powder is sprayed into the bag-type dust collector to serve as an adsorbent, when the flue gas passes through the bag-type dust collector, the flue gas absorbs and removes smoke dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, dioxins and heavy metals, and the catalytic reaction tower decomposes the dioxins in the flue gas into inorganic substances through a catalyst and then discharges the inorganic substances.
By adopting the technical scheme, the medical waste is divided into three types for treatment, and under the condition of low classification cost, the medical waste is classified and treated, so that the treatment efficiency is improved; after being crushed and sterilized, the raw materials are thermally decomposed and incinerated, so that the pyrolysis and incineration efficiency is improved, and the generation of harmful substances is reduced while the combustion is more sufficient; the liquid oil and the combustible gas are separated by cooling, so that the resource utilization rate is high.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The pyrolysis method is a process of utilizing the thermal instability of organic matters in the garbage, heating and distilling the medical wastes under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to ensure that the organic matters generate thermal cracking, condensing various gases, liquids and solids, and extracting fuel oil, grease and fuel gas from the gases. Pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke are burnt by the pyrolysis of the medical waste, combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas is used as fuel for pyrolysis burning, and the operation cost is greatly lower than that of a conventional burning method. In addition, the pyrolysis method requires a smaller air factor, produces a much smaller amount of flue gas, and requires a smaller flue gas purification apparatus, so that the overall cost is lower than that of the conventional incineration method. In the conventional incineration treatment method, because the dioxin is easily generated due to oxygen-enriched combustion, and the pyrolysis method is carried out under the conditions of oxygen deficiency, dechlorination and other acidic gases, the generation of the dioxin is greatly inhibited, so that the amount of the generated dioxin in the pyrolysis method is greatly reduced compared with that in the conventional incineration method.
A pyrolysis incineration method of medical waste comprises the following steps:
(1) the medical waste to be treated is classified into: combustible waste, non-combustible waste and pathological waste, and the classifying device used for classifying the medical waste to be treated is a classifying and collecting box, and medical waste of different sources is separately collected according to different types and stored in different containers.
The medical waste is collected and classified into infectious waste, pathological waste, traumatic waste, medicinal waste and chemical waste.
The proportion of the five types of medical wastes in the total amount of all medical wastes is detailed in the table I
TABLE-medical waste content of medical waste centralized treatment plant
As can be seen from Table one, the infectious waste accounts for 86.36% of the total amount of the medical waste on average. Infectious waste includes cotton balls, cotton swabs, drainage strips, gauze and other various dressings contaminated by patient blood, body fluid, excrement; disposable hygienic products, disposable medical products and disposable medical instruments; waste bedding and clothing; other items contaminated by the patient's blood, body fluids, waste; house refuse produced by infected lining or suspected infected patient; pathogen culture medium, specimen and strain, virus preservation solution, and various waste medical specimens; blood and serum discarded.
Pathological waste comprises human tissues, organs and the like of waste gas generated in the processes of operation and other diagnosis and treatment; tissues and carcasses of medical experimental animals; human tissue and pathological wax lumps discarded after pathological section.
Traumatic waste including medical needles; various medical sharp instruments (including scalpels, skin preparation knives, surgical saws and the like); glass slide, glass test tube, glass ampoule. Pharmaceutical waste includes discarded general drugs; waste cytotoxic and genotoxic drugs, including: carcinogenic drugs, suspected carcinogenic drugs; discarded vaccines, blood products, etc.
Chemical waste includes medical-impact, laboratory waste chemical reagents; waste chemical reagents such as peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde and the like; waste mercury sphygmomanometer, mercury thermometer.
(2) Respectively putting combustible waste and incombustible waste into a crushing device by a feeding device for crushing treatment, wherein after the crushing treatment, the particle size of the medical waste is less than 10mm, and granular raw materials are obtained: combustible waste particles, non-combustible waste particles.
(3) And respectively putting the crushed combustible waste particles and the crushed incombustible waste particles into a pressure steam sterilization device for sterilization treatment, wherein the operating conditions of the pressure steam sterilization device are 100kpa and 120 ℃, and the operating time is 20 min.
(4) Mixing the combustible waste particles treated in the step (3) with a catalyst to obtain a combustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed; and mixing the incombustible waste particles with a catalyst to obtain the incombustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed.
(5) The method comprises the steps of putting combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into an even cloth at the lower end of a pyrolyzing furnace, putting non-combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into an even cloth at the upper end of the pyrolyzing furnace, introducing reaction gas into the pyrolyzing furnace to carry out pyrolysis treatment, and obtaining an oil-gas mixture and a solid pyrolysis product through a drying step, a pyrolysis gasification step and a combustion step in an oxygen-free environment. And a drying step, namely heating and drying the generated smoke by using the temperature generated in the pyrolysis and gasification step to volatilize the moisture in the smoke. And a pyrolysis and gasification step, namely, combustible materials such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like decomposed from the dried medical wastes in a pyrolysis section and a gasification combustion section enter mixed smoke. And a combustion step, namely, enabling the residue after pyrolysis gasification to enter a combustion section for full combustion, wherein the combustion temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the generated energy is used for providing heat required by the pyrolysis section and the drying section.
(6) And cooling the obtained oil-gas mixture and the solid pyrolysis product, arranging a cooling and separating device at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and providing air cooling for the cooling and separating device to obtain liquid oil and combustible gas which are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, tar solvent oil liquid products and carbon black solid residues.
(7) The method comprises the steps of decomposing an oil-gas mixture into liquid oil and combustible gas through a cooling separation device, storing the combustible gas by using a storage device after the combustible gas is purified, sequentially using a bag-type dust collector and a catalyst reaction tower, spraying activated carbon powder into the bag-type dust collector as an adsorbent, adsorbing and removing smoke dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, dioxins and heavy metals when the smoke passes through the bag-type dust collector, and decomposing the dioxins in the smoke into inorganic matters through a catalyst in the catalyst reaction tower for discharge.
(8) And (2) carrying out high-temperature incineration treatment on the pathological waste classified in the step (1).
The pyrolysis method comprises the following equipment:
feeding device: the feeding device is arranged at the inlet of the crushing device.
A crushing device: the comminution device is used for the pretreatment of medical waste,
③ the sterilizing device: the sterilizing device is a pressure steam sterilizing device. Sterilizing by pressure steam sterilization, wherein the pressure steam penetrates the object to solidify and denature the protein of the microorganism to kill the microorganism, and the treated medical waste is sent to a sanitary landfill or incinerated. Compared with other sterilization methods, the pressure steam sterilization has the characteristics of low investment, low operation cost, easiness in detection, lower residue risk and good sterilization effect.
Fourthly, pyrolysis equipment: the pyrolysis equipment comprises a feeding port, a pyrolysis bin, a combustion chamber, a mixed gas reaction device, an ash residue collecting box, a cooling and separating device and a gas storage tank.
The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pyrolysis incineration method of medical waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the medical waste to be treated is classified into: combustible waste, non-combustible waste, pathological waste;
(2) respectively putting combustible waste and non-combustible waste into a crushing device by a feeding device for crushing treatment to obtain granular raw materials: combustible waste particles, non-combustible waste particles;
(3) respectively putting the crushed combustible waste particles and the crushed incombustible waste particles into a pressure steam sterilization device for sterilization treatment;
(4) mixing the combustible waste particles treated in the step (3) with a catalyst to obtain a combustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed; mixing the incombustible waste particles with a catalyst to obtain an incombustible mixed material to be pyrolyzed;
(5) putting combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into the lower end of a pyrolyzing furnace for uniform distribution, putting non-combustible mixed materials to be pyrolyzed into the upper end of the pyrolyzing furnace for uniform distribution, introducing reaction gas into the pyrolyzing furnace for pyrolysis treatment, and performing a drying step, a pyrolysis gasification step and a combustion step in an oxygen-free environment to obtain an oil-gas mixture and a solid pyrolysis product;
(6) cooling the obtained oil-gas mixture and solid pyrolysis products, placing a cooling separation device at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and providing air cooling for the cooling separation device;
(7) decomposing the oil-gas mixture by a cooling separation device to obtain liquid oil and combustible gas, and purifying the combustible gas and then storing the combustible gas by a storage device;
(8) and (2) carrying out high-temperature incineration treatment on the pathological waste classified in the step (1).
2. The pyrolysis incineration method of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the classification means for classifying the medical waste to be treated is a classification collection box, and medical wastes of different sources are separately collected in different types and stored in different containers.
3. The method for thermal decomposition incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the particle size of the medical waste after the pulverization treatment is less than 10 mm.
4. The method for thermal decomposition incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein the pressure steam sterilization apparatus used in the step (3) is operated at 100kpa, 120 ℃ and 20 min.
5. The method for thermal decomposition incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein the drying step in the step (5) is a heating drying step using the flue gas generated at the temperature generated in the thermal decomposition and gasification step to volatilize moisture therein.
6. The method for pyrolysis incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), in the pyrolysis gasification step, combustible materials such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like, which are decomposed from the dried medical waste in the pyrolysis section and the gasification combustion section, enter the mixed flue gas.
7. A method for the pyrolytic incineration of medical waste according to any one of claims 5 and 6, wherein in the step (5), the combustion step is carried out, the residue after the pyrolytic gasification is put into a combustion section to be fully combusted, the combustion temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the generated energy is used for providing the heat required by the pyrolysis section and the drying section.
8. The method for thermal decomposition incineration of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein the liquid oil and combustible gas obtained in the step (6) are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, tar solvent oil liquid products and carbon black solid residues.
9. The pyrolytic incineration method of medical waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), a bag-type dust collector and a catalytic reaction tower are used in sequence for combustible gas purification, activated carbon powder is sprayed into the bag-type dust collector as an adsorbent, smoke, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, dioxins and heavy metals are adsorbed and removed when the smoke passes through, and the catalytic reaction tower decomposes the dioxins in the smoke into inorganic substances through a catalyst and then discharges the inorganic substances.
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CN113339813A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Auxiliary pyrolysis device for movable combined medical waste plasma |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113339813A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Auxiliary pyrolysis device for movable combined medical waste plasma |
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