CN111636038A - Multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111636038A
CN111636038A CN202010626726.1A CN202010626726A CN111636038A CN 111636038 A CN111636038 A CN 111636038A CN 202010626726 A CN202010626726 A CN 202010626726A CN 111636038 A CN111636038 A CN 111636038A
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wear
resistant
percent
treatment
steel forging
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程世满
程步清
程涛
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Ningguo Changxiang Grinding Materials Co ltd
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Ningguo Changxiang Grinding Materials Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer

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Abstract

A multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and a preparation method thereof relate to the technical field of steel forging, and are prepared by the following components, by weight, 12.5-16.5% of chromium, 0.8-0.95% of manganese, 1.5-1.85% of carbon, 0.5-0.65% of titanium, 0.12-0.2% of boron, 0.15-0.25% of aluminum, 0.8-1.2% of silicon, 0.05-0.15% of zirconium, 0.12-0.2% of molybdenum, 0.1-0.15% of nickel, 0.15-0.2% of vanadium, 0.02-0.06% of scandium, 0.05-0.12% of neodymium, 0.08-0.15% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75-85% of copper, 5-15% of tin and 5-15% of lead. The preparation method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps: step 1: smelting, step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, and step 3: annealing treatment, step 4: forging and rolling treatment, step 5: quenching and tempering treatment, step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects; and 7: and plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface. The steel forging prepared by the invention has the advantages of good wear resistance, good impact resistance, good tensile property, high mechanical strength and good popularization value.

Description

Multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel forging, in particular to multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Steelmaking is known shortly after the human invention iron making. Steel is rapidly gaining a lot of applications due to its better physical, chemical and mechanical properties than the original pig iron. However, due to the technical conditions, the application of steel, which is a general term for iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content of between 0.02 and 2.11% by mass, has been limited by the yield of steel, and has not been developed rapidly until after the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century. The chemical composition of the steel can vary greatly, and steels containing only carbon elements are called carbon steels or ordinary steels; in actual production, steel often contains different alloying elements according to different applications, such as: manganese, nickel, vanadium, etc., have been used and studied for steel in a long time, but until the 19 th century prior to the invention of the bainitic process, the preparation of steel was a costly and inefficient task. Nowadays, steel is one of the most used materials in the world due to its low price and reliable performance, and is an indispensable component in the building industry, manufacturing industry and people's daily life, so it can be said that steel is the material foundation of modern society. At present, the existing steel forgings on the market are weak in mechanical strength, poor in impact resistance, poor in abrasion resistance and short in service life, so that the application and popularization of the existing steel forgings are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging with high mechanical strength, good wear resistance and shock resistance, long service life and good market popularization value and the preparation method thereof.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 12.5 to 16.5 percent of chromium, 0.8 to 0.95 percent of manganese, 1.5 to 1.85 percent of carbon, 0.5 to 0.65 percent of titanium, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of boron, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of aluminum, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of silicon, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of zirconium, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of nickel, 0.15 to 0.2 percent of vanadium, 0.02 to 0.06 percent of scandium, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of neodymium, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other inevitable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75-85% of copper, 5-15% of tin and 5-15% of lead.
Preferably, the feed additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 14.5% of chromium, 0.875% of manganese, 1.675% of carbon, 0.575% of titanium, 0.16% of boron, 0.2% of aluminum, 1% of silicon, 0.1% of zirconium, 0.16% of molybdenum, 0.125% of nickel, 0.175% of vanadium, 0.04% of scandium, 0.085% of neodymium, 0.115% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80% of copper, 10% of tin and 10% of lead.
Preferably, the preparation method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: smelting, namely adding steel-making raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1630-1660 ℃;
step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1550-;
and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing;
and 4, step 4: forging and rolling treatment, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 960-980 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 860-900 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to be 30-40%;
and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 890-900 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4-5 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace tempering is carried out immediately after water discharging, the tempering is carried out for 3-4 hours at 230 ℃ of 220-900 ℃, and the material is taken out and naturally cooled;
step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects;
and 7: and (4) plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface, and carrying out surface wear-resistant treatment on the workpiece subjected to the surface treatment in the step (6).
Preferably, the step 3 annealing treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, heating the casting to 700-740 ℃ at the speed of 80-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-2 h;
(2) then heating to 1070 and 1170 ℃ at the temperature of 140 ℃ per hour of 110 and preserving the heat for 4 to 5 hours;
(3) finally, cooling to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 50-55 ℃/h, and taking out of the furnace for natural cooling.
Preferably, the specific method for performing systematic processing on the surface compressive stress and the surface defect in the step 6 is as follows: the work cooled in step 5 is subjected to shot blasting while being vibrated, and thereafter, is subjected to polishing.
Preferably, the step 7 of surface plating the wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a powder metallurgy material, and uniformly mixing the metallurgy powder raw materials in a stirrer according to the weight percentage of 75-85% of copper, 5-15% of tin and 5-15% of lead to form a mixture;
2) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely putting the mixture into a forming die, and pressing to form the wear-resistant layer;
3) removing an oxidized surface layer, firstly pickling, then neutralizing and cleaning with an alkaline solution, then cleaning with warm water, and finally drying;
4) performing electrolytic copper plating, removing the oxidized surface layer, and then performing copper plating to form a copper plating layer;
5) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely placing the wear-resistant layer on the copper-plated layer, fixing the wear-resistant layer by using a positioning block to form a positioning workpiece, and placing the positioning workpiece into a corresponding press machine for pressing, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 1.8-2.8 kgf/cm;
6) and sintering, namely putting the pressed and bonded positioning workpiece into a sintering furnace for sintering, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 850-900 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 8.5-10 hours, so that the pressing and bonding positioning workpiece is firmly sintered.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and a preparation method thereof. Has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps of 1: smelting, namely adding steel-making raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1630-1660 ℃; step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1550-; and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing; and 4, step 4: forging and rolling treatment, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 960-980 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 860-900 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to be 30-40%; and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 890-900 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4-5 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace tempering is carried out immediately after water discharging, the tempering is carried out for 3-4 hours at 230 ℃ of 220-900 ℃, and the material is taken out and naturally cooled; step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects; and 7: the surface is plated with a wear-resistant layer, and the workpiece treated in the step 6 is subjected to surface wear-resistant treatment, so that the steel forging prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of improved mechanical strength and shock resistance, good wear resistance, stable performance, prolonged service life and good popularization value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 12.5% of chromium, 0.8% of manganese, 1.5% of carbon, 0.5% of titanium, 0.12% of boron, 0.15% of aluminum, 0.8% of silicon, 0.05% of zirconium, 0.12-0.2% of molybdenum, 0.1% of nickel, 0.15% of vanadium, 0.02% of scandium, 0.05% of neodymium, 0.08% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75% of copper, 5% of tin and 5% of lead.
The preparation method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: smelting, namely adding steelmaking raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1630 ℃;
step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 35min after the casting is finished, naturally cooling the casting, slowly cooling to room temperature, and then demolding;
and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing;
the annealing treatment comprises the following steps:
(4) firstly, heating the casting to 700 ℃ at a speed of 80 ℃/hour, and preserving heat for 1 hour;
(5) then heating to 1070 ℃ at the speed of 110 ℃/hour, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
(6) finally, cooling to 850 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/hour, and discharging and naturally cooling.
And 4, step 4: forging and rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 960 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 860 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to be 30%;
and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 890 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace charging and tempering are carried out immediately after water discharging, the tempering is carried out for 3 hours at 220 ℃, and the natural cooling is carried out after the water discharging;
step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects; the specific method for carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects comprises the following steps: performing vibration and shot blasting on the workpiece cooled in the step 5, and then performing grinding treatment;
and 7: and (3) plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface, and performing wear-resistant treatment on the surface of the workpiece subjected to the treatment in the step (6), wherein the wear-resistant layer plating on the surface comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a powder metallurgy material, and uniformly mixing the metallurgy powder raw materials in a stirrer according to the weight percentage of 75% of copper, 5% of tin and 5% of lead to form a mixture;
2) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely putting the mixture into a forming die, and pressing to form the wear-resistant layer;
3) removing an oxidized surface layer, firstly pickling, then neutralizing and cleaning with an alkaline solution, then cleaning with warm water, and finally drying;
4) performing electrolytic copper plating, removing the oxidized surface layer, and then performing copper plating to form a copper plating layer;
5) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely placing the wear-resistant layer on the copper-plated layer, fixing the wear-resistant layer by using a positioning block to form a positioning workpiece, and placing the positioning workpiece into a corresponding press machine for pressing, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 1.8 kgf/cm;
6) and sintering, namely putting the pressed and bonded positioning workpiece into a sintering furnace for sintering, wherein the temperature is controlled at 850 ℃ and the time is controlled at 8.5 hours, so that the sintering is firm.
Example 2
The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 14.5% of chromium, 0.875% of manganese, 1.675% of carbon, 0.575% of titanium, 0.16% of boron, 0.2% of aluminum, 1% of silicon, 0.1% of zirconium, 0.16% of molybdenum, 0.125% of nickel, 0.175% of vanadium, 0.04% of scandium, 0.085% of neodymium, 0.115% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80% of copper, 10% of tin and 10% of lead.
The preparation method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: smelting, namely adding steel-making raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1645 ℃;
step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1560-;
and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing;
the annealing treatment comprises the following steps:
(7) firstly, heating the casting to 720 ℃ at a speed of 85 ℃/hour, and preserving heat for 105 hours;
(8) then heating to 1120 ℃ at a temperature of 125 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 4.5 hours;
(9) finally cooling to 875 ℃ at the speed of 53 ℃/hour, and discharging and naturally cooling.
And 4, step 4: forging and rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to 970 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to 880 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to 35%;
and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 895 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4.5 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace charging and tempering are carried out immediately after water discharging, the tempering is carried out for 3.5 hours at 225 ℃, and the natural cooling is carried out after the water discharging;
step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects; the specific method for carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects comprises the following steps: performing vibration and shot blasting on the workpiece cooled in the step 5, and then performing grinding treatment;
and 7: and (3) plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface, and performing wear-resistant treatment on the surface of the workpiece subjected to the treatment in the step (6), wherein the wear-resistant layer plating on the surface comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a powder metallurgy material, and uniformly mixing the metallurgy powder raw materials in a stirrer according to the weight percentage of 80% of copper, 10% of tin and 10% of lead to form a mixture;
2) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely putting the mixture into a forming die, and pressing to form the wear-resistant layer;
3) removing an oxidized surface layer, firstly pickling, then neutralizing and cleaning with an alkaline solution, then cleaning with warm water, and finally drying;
4) performing electrolytic copper plating, removing the oxidized surface layer, and then performing copper plating to form a copper plating layer;
5) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely placing the wear-resistant layer on the copper-plated layer, fixing the wear-resistant layer by using a positioning block to form a positioning workpiece, and placing the positioning workpiece into a corresponding press machine for pressing, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 2.3 kgf/cm;
6) and sintering, namely putting the pressed and bonded positioning workpiece into a sintering furnace for sintering, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 875 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 9 hours, so that the sintering is firm.
Example 3
The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 16.5% of chromium, 0.95% of manganese, 1.85% of carbon, 0.65% of titanium, 0.2% of boron, 0.25% of aluminum, 1.2% of silicon, 0.15% of zirconium, 0.2% of molybdenum, 0.15% of nickel, 0.2% of vanadium, 0.06% of scandium, 0.12% of neodymium, 0.15% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85% of copper, 15% of tin and 15% of lead.
The preparation method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: smelting, namely adding steelmaking raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1660 ℃;
step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1570 ℃, preserving heat for 45min after casting, naturally cooling a casting, slowly cooling to room temperature, and demolding;
and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing;
the annealing treatment comprises the following steps:
(10) firstly, heating the casting to 740 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/hour, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
(11) then heating to 1170 ℃ at the speed of 140 ℃/hour, and preserving heat for 5 hours;
(12) finally cooling to 900 ℃ at the speed of 55 ℃/h, and discharging and naturally cooling.
And 4, step 4: forging and rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 980 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 900 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to be 40%;
and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 900 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace is immediately charged and tempered after water is discharged, the tempering is carried out for 4 hours at 230 ℃, and the steel is naturally cooled after being taken out;
step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects; the specific method for carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects comprises the following steps: performing vibration and shot blasting on the workpiece cooled in the step 5, and then performing grinding treatment;
and 7: and (3) plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface, and performing wear-resistant treatment on the surface of the workpiece subjected to the treatment in the step (6), wherein the wear-resistant layer plating on the surface comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a powder metallurgy material, and uniformly mixing the metallurgy powder raw materials in a stirrer according to the weight percentage of 85% of copper, 15% of tin and 15% of lead to form a mixture;
2) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely putting the mixture into a forming die, and pressing to form the wear-resistant layer;
3) removing an oxidized surface layer, firstly pickling, then neutralizing and cleaning with an alkaline solution, then cleaning with warm water, and finally drying;
4) performing electrolytic copper plating, removing the oxidized surface layer, and then performing copper plating to form a copper plating layer;
5) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely placing the wear-resistant layer on the copper-plated layer, fixing the wear-resistant layer by using a positioning block to form a positioning workpiece, and placing the positioning workpiece into a corresponding press machine for pressing, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 2.8 kgf/cm;
6) and sintering, namely putting the pressed and bonded positioning workpiece into a sintering furnace for sintering, wherein the temperature is controlled at 900 ℃, and the time is controlled at 10 hours, so that the pressing and bonding positioning workpiece is firmly sintered.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 compares to example 2 with the omission of step 6, except that the process steps are otherwise identical.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 compares to example 2, omitting step 7), except that the process steps are otherwise identical.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the performance tests were performed on the steel forgings corresponding to the above five modes, and the following table 1 is a corresponding comparison:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002566790680000091
As can be seen from the table, the steel forging prepared by the invention has the advantages of good wear resistance, good tensile property, strong impact resistance, high mechanical strength and good popularization value.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 12.5 to 16.5 percent of chromium, 0.8 to 0.95 percent of manganese, 1.5 to 1.85 percent of carbon, 0.5 to 0.65 percent of titanium, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of boron, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of aluminum, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of silicon, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of zirconium, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of nickel, 0.15 to 0.2 percent of vanadium, 0.02 to 0.06 percent of scandium, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of neodymium, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other inevitable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 75-85% of copper, 5-15% of tin and 5-15% of lead.
2. The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging of claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 14.5% of chromium, 0.875% of manganese, 1.675% of carbon, 0.575% of titanium, 0.16% of boron, 0.2% of aluminum, 1% of silicon, 0.1% of zirconium, 0.16% of molybdenum, 0.125% of nickel, 0.175% of vanadium, 0.04% of scandium, 0.085% of neodymium, 0.115% of a wear-resistant material, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable elements; the wear-resistant material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80% of copper, 10% of tin and 10% of lead.
3. The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging of claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method of the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: smelting, namely adding steel-making raw materials into a smelting furnace according to a proper proportion for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1630-1660 ℃;
step 2: casting by adopting a resin sand mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1550-;
and step 3: annealing treatment, namely improving the casting in the step 2 by adopting diffusion annealing;
and 4, step 4: forging and rolling treatment, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 960-980 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 860-900 ℃, and the reduction rate of each pass is controlled to be 30-40%;
and 5: quenching and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 890-900 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4-5 hours, water quenching is carried out, the furnace tempering is carried out immediately after water discharging, the tempering is carried out for 3-4 hours at 230 ℃ of 220-900 ℃, and the material is taken out and naturally cooled;
step 6: carrying out systematic treatment on the surface compressive stress and the surface defects;
and 7: and (4) plating a wear-resistant layer on the surface, and carrying out surface wear-resistant treatment on the workpiece subjected to the surface treatment in the step (6).
4. The multi-element alloy wear resistant steel forging of claim 3, wherein said step 3 annealing process comprises the steps of:
(1) firstly, heating the casting to 700-740 ℃ at the speed of 80-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-2 h;
(2) then heating to 1070 and 1170 ℃ at the temperature of 140 ℃ per hour of 110 and preserving the heat for 4 to 5 hours;
(3) finally, cooling to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 50-55 ℃/h, and taking out of the furnace for natural cooling.
5. The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging according to claim 3, wherein the specific method for systematically treating the surface compressive stress and the surface defects in the step 6 is as follows: the work cooled in step 5 is subjected to shot blasting while being vibrated, and thereafter, is subjected to polishing.
6. The multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging of claim 3, wherein the step 7 of surface plating the wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a powder metallurgy material, and uniformly mixing the metallurgy powder raw materials in a stirrer according to the weight percentage of 75-85% of copper, 5-15% of tin and 5-15% of lead to form a mixture;
2) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely putting the mixture into a forming die, and pressing to form the wear-resistant layer;
3) removing an oxidized surface layer, firstly pickling, then neutralizing and cleaning with an alkaline solution, then cleaning with warm water, and finally drying;
4) performing electrolytic copper plating, removing the oxidized surface layer, and then performing copper plating to form a copper plating layer;
5) pressing the wear-resistant layer, namely placing the wear-resistant layer on the copper-plated layer, fixing the wear-resistant layer by using a positioning block to form a positioning workpiece, and placing the positioning workpiece into a corresponding press machine for pressing, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 1.8-2.8 kgf/cm;
6) and sintering, namely putting the pressed and bonded positioning workpiece into a sintering furnace for sintering, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 850-900 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 8.5-10 hours, so that the pressing and bonding positioning workpiece is firmly sintered.
CN202010626726.1A 2020-07-02 2020-07-02 Multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel forging and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN111636038A (en)

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