CN111634901A - Application of zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots from lignin, preparation method of carbon quantum dots and carbon quantum dots - Google Patents
Application of zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots from lignin, preparation method of carbon quantum dots and carbon quantum dots Download PDFInfo
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- CN111634901A CN111634901A CN202010646729.1A CN202010646729A CN111634901A CN 111634901 A CN111634901 A CN 111634901A CN 202010646729 A CN202010646729 A CN 202010646729A CN 111634901 A CN111634901 A CN 111634901A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- LMASVDBGGYHJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-I niobium(5+) 4-oxido-1,2,3,4lambda5-trioxaphosphetane 4-oxide Chemical compound P1(=O)(OOO1)[O-].[Nb+5].O1OP(=O)(O1)[O-].O1OP(=O)(O1)[O-].O1OP(=O)(O1)[O-].O1OP(=O)(O1)[O-] LMASVDBGGYHJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005611 kraft lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SPZUSHXWALWOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.O.[Nb+5] Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.O.[Nb+5] SPZUSHXWALWOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFNVDVHSGPYDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-K niobium(5+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[Nb+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RFNVDVHSGPYDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJEJFHCHLNUCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-A 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate niobium(5+) Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[Nb+5].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YJEJFHCHLNUCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020057 NbOPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- GAGSVOVTFFOFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-D [Nb+5].[Nb+5].OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O GAGSVOVTFFOFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012984 biological imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachloroniobium Chemical compound Cl[Nb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of high-value conversion and utilization of biomass, in particular to application of a zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin, a preparation method of the carbon quantum dots and the carbon quantum dots. Application of zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots from lignin, wherein specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2(g) temperature of desorption of pyridine >The surface strong acid amount at 400 ℃ is more than 100 mu mol/g. The zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst has higher activity and is more stable, and can better catalyze the conversion of lignin by applying the zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst to the preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin without adding inorganic acid or alkali.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-value conversion and utilization of biomass, in particular to application of a zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin, a preparation method of the carbon quantum dots and the carbon quantum dots.
Background
The carbon quantum dot is a carbon-based zero-dimensional material, has the advantages of good biocompatibility, low toxicity, adjustable photoluminescence, high chemical stability and the like as a novel fluorescent carbon nano material, and is widely applied to the fields of chemical and biological sensing, biological imaging, nano medicine, photoelectrocatalysis and the like. The surface of the carbon quantum dot can be passivated and functionalized, and the physical and chemical properties of the carbon quantum dot can be regulated and controlled, so that the application field of the carbon quantum dot is expanded.
At present, the preparation method of the carbon quantum dots is divided into two ways of top-down and bottom-up. The top-down method uses graphite, graphene, carbon fiber and other macromolecules as carbon precursors, and adopts arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical synthesis and other methods to cut the large-scale carbon precursors into small carbon quantum dots, and the approach mostly adopts inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other reagents, and NO can be generated2、N2O4And the like, certain safety risk and environmental pollution exist, and in addition, the shape, size and defects of the carbon quantum dots are difficult to accurately control by a rigid cutting method, so that the application of the carbon quantum dots is limited. The bottom-up method uses organic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or its oligomer as carbon precursor, and adopts solvothermal method, microwave synthesis method and templateThe method gradually polymerizes the small molecular carbon precursor to form the carbon quantum dots. Therefore, the bottom-up method is mainly applied at present.
The lignin is the largest natural aromatic hydrocarbon source on the earth, and can produce a large amount of lignin in the pulping industry and the cellulosic ethanol industry, but due to the structural inertia and complexity of the lignin, except that a small amount of lignin is used for synthesizing low added-value products such as a concrete water reducing agent, a reinforcing agent, a dispersing agent and the like, most of the lignin is discharged with waste water or is subjected to incineration treatment, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused, according to the research, the lignin is a method molecular compound polymerized by a phenylpropyl alkyl structural unit, and functional groups such as aromatic rings, hydroxyl groups, methoxy groups and the like are rich in the structure of the lignin and is a good carbon precursor for preparing carbon quantum dots, so that the lignin is used for preparing the carbon quantum dots, the high-value conversion of the lignin can be realized, and the problem of carbon quantum dot raw materials can be well solved, thereby achieving multiple purposes.
At present, the reported schemes for preparing carbon quantum dots by using lignin as a carbon precursor mostly adopt a two-step method for preparation, namely firstly depolymerizing the lignin into micromolecular polycyclic compounds in a strong acid environment, and then converting the polycyclic compounds into the carbon quantum dots in a specific hydrothermal environment, for example, Wang et al (Green Chemistry,2018, 20, 1383-; chu et al (Applied Surface Science,2019,469, 911-916, CN 110436439A) first use a mixed acid (H) at room temperature2SO4:HNO31) carrying out oxidative cracking on the alkali lignin, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 12h to convert the alkali lignin into carbon quantum dots; li (Green Chemistry,2019,21, 3343-3352) et al first oxidized lignin with o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid at 80 ℃ and then converted into carbon quantum dots of specific structure and composition by hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12 h.
However, at present, these two-step processes all use a large amount of inorganic acid in the preparation process, so that environmental pollution is inevitably caused, and the two-step process is too complicated, and also limits the industrial application of lignin to prepare carbon quantum dots.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of environmental pollution and complicated process caused by preparing the carbon quantum dots by taking lignin as a carbon precursor through a two-step method in the prior art, so that the application of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparing the carbon quantum dots by using the lignin, the preparation method of the carbon quantum dots and the carbon quantum dots are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the application of zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots from lignin is characterized in that the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
A method for preparing carbon quantum dots from lignin comprises the following steps:
mixing lignin, a zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst, an organic amine reagent and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution, then carrying out high-temperature hydrothermal treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, and freeze-drying a crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment to obtain carbon quantum dots, wherein the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
Further, the lignin comprises at least one of alkali lignin, kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, and enzymatic lignin.
Furthermore, in the zirconium-doped niobium oxide phosphate catalyst, the doping amount of zirconium is 1 wt% -10 wt%.
Further, the organic amine reagent comprises at least one of ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, triethylenetetramine and polyethyleneimine.
Furthermore, in the mixed solution, the concentration of lignin is 1-10 wt%, the concentration of organic amine is 10-15mol/L, and the mass ratio of the zirconium-doped niobium oxide phosphate catalyst to the lignin is 1 (1.4-10).
Further, the reaction temperature of the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment is 160-260 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-12 h.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of filtering, dialyzing, separating and purifying the crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment before the step of freeze-drying the crude product.
Furthermore, in the filtering step, the aperture of the filter membrane is 0.22-0.45 μm; in the dialysis separation step, the molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 1000-3500Da, and the dialysis time is 24-72 h.
A carbon quantum dot prepared by the method for preparing the carbon quantum dot from the lignin according to any one of the schemes.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst provided by the invention is applied to the preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin, and the specific surface area is 50-250m2The zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst with strong surface acid content of more than 100 mu mol/g has higher activity and higher stability when the pyridine desorption temperature is more than 400 ℃, and can better catalyze the conversion of lignin by applying the zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst to the preparation of carbon quantum dots by the lignin without adding inorganic acid or alkali.
2. According to the preparation method of the carbon quantum dots, the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst with high activity is adopted, so that the carbon quantum dots can be efficiently prepared by a one-step method without adding any inorganic acid or alkali into a water solvent, the preparation method is simple, the carbon quantum dots are prevented from being synthesized by using inorganic acid or alkali such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide or other strong oxidants under harsh conditions, the preparation method is green and environment-friendly, and the synthesized carbon quantum dots are good in stability and high in yield.
3. The carbon quantum dot provided by the invention is prepared by adopting special steps, so that the carbon quantum dot has the characteristics of uniform dispersion and strong fluorescence emission.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of carbon quantum dots in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of carbon quantum dots in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the fluorescence absorption spectrum of carbon quantum dots in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
The invention relates to an application of a zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin, wherein the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
Preferably, the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst is prepared according to the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing a niobium source, a zirconium source, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a surfactant into the mixed solution, and stirring in a water bath at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ for 1-4h to obtain a precursor;
crystallizing the precursor at the temperature of 150-220 ℃ for 12-48h, then washing, drying and calcining at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 2-6h to obtain the niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst.
Specifically, in the mixed solution, the concentration of niobium is 0.1-0.5mol/L, and the molar ratio of zirconium to niobium is 1: (100-10), the molar ratio of the total content of zirconium and niobium to phosphorus is 1: (0.8-1.2).
Specifically, the addition amount of the surfactant accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of the mixed solution.
Specifically, the niobium source is a water-soluble niobium compound, such as at least one of niobium oxalate, niobium tartrate, niobium citrate, niobium pentachloride, and niobium malate.
The zirconium source is a water-soluble zirconium compound, such as at least one of zirconium oxychloride, zirconium acetate, zirconium nitrate and zirconium chloride.
The surfactant is at least one of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC), polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer (P123) and poloxamer (F127).
Specifically, the crystallization step is carried out in a crystallization kettle.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the carbon quantum dots, which comprises the following steps:
mixing lignin, a zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst, an organic amine reagent and deionized water to obtain a second mixed solution, then carrying out high-temperature hydrothermal treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, and freeze-drying a crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment to obtain carbon quantum dots, wherein the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
Specifically, the lignin comprises at least one of alkali lignin, kraft lignin, lignosulfonate and enzymatic lignin.
Specifically, in the zirconium-doped niobium oxide phosphate catalyst, the doping amount of zirconium is 1 wt% -10 wt%.
Specifically, the organic amine reagent comprises at least one of ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, triethylenetetramine and polyethyleneimine.
Specifically, in the second mixed solution, the concentration of lignin is 1-10 wt%, the concentration of organic amine is 10-15mol/L, and the mass ratio of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst to the lignin is 1 (1.4-10).
Specifically, the reaction temperature of the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment is 160-260 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-12 h.
Specifically, the inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium.
Specifically, the method further comprises the steps of filtering, dialyzing, separating and purifying the crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment before the step of freeze-drying the crude product.
Specifically, in the filtering step, the aperture of the filter membrane is 0.22-0.45 μm; in the dialysis separation step, the molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 1000-3500Da, and the dialysis time is 24-72 h.
The invention also relates to a carbon quantum dot prepared by the method for preparing the carbon quantum dot from the lignin according to any one of the schemes.
Examples 1 to 11
Examples 1-11 relate to a method for preparing carbon quantum dots from lignin, comprising the steps of:
dissolving lignin and a zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst in an organic amine reagent and 30mL of deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a second mixed solution, stirring the second mixed solution uniformly, transferring the second mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, performing high-temperature hydrothermal treatment under the protection of inert gas nitrogen, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering the reacted mixed solution through a 0.22-micrometer microporous membrane to remove insoluble carbon, transferring the filtrate into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight of 3000Da for dialysis for 72 hours, wherein the deionized water is continuously replaced, and performing freeze drying after dialysis purification to obtain the carbon quantum dots.
Specific process parameters for examples 1-11 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 specific Process parameters for examples 1-11
The catalyst A-I is prepared according to the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing a certain amount of niobium source, a certain amount of zirconium source, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 50mL of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution, then adding a certain amount of surfactant into the mixed solution, and heating and stirring in a water bath for a period of time to obtain a precursor;
the precursor is put into a crystallization kettle for crystallization, and is taken out after crystallization, washed, dried and calcined to obtain the zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst (Zr-NbOPO)4)。
The raw material ratios of the catalysts are shown in table 2, and the specific process parameters are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 raw material ratios of catalysts A-I
TABLE 3 specific Process parameters for catalysts A-I
The specific surface area of the catalyst A is 107m2The amount of surface strong acid is 152 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of the pyridine is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst B was 78m2The surface strong acid amount is 124 mu mol/g when the pyridine desorption temperature is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst C was 134m2The surface strong acid amount is 182 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of the pyridine is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst D was 209m2(g) temperature of desorption of pyridine >The surface strong acid content at 400 ℃ is 254 mu mol/g; the specific surface area of catalyst E was 248m2(ii)/g, wherein the surface strong acid amount is 289 mu mol/g when the pyridine desorption temperature is higher than 400 ℃; catalyst F had a specific surface area of 228m2The surface strong acid amount is 264 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of the pyridine is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst G was 182m2The surface strong acid amount is 237 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of the pyridine is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst H was 151m2The surface strong acid amount is 196 mu mol/g when the pyridine desorption temperature is more than 400 ℃; the specific surface area of catalyst I was 50m2The amount of surface strong acid is 85 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
Comparative example
The comparative examples 1 to 6 relate to a method for preparing carbon quantum dots from lignin, comprising the steps of:
dissolving lignin and a catalyst in an organic amine reagent and 30mL of deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a second mixed solution, stirring the second mixed solution uniformly, transferring the second mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, performing high-temperature hydrothermal treatment under the protection of inert gas nitrogen, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering the reacted mixed solution through a 0.22-micrometer microporous membrane to remove insoluble carbon, transferring the filtrate into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight of 3000Da for dialysis for 72 hours, wherein the deionized water is continuously replaced, and performing freeze drying after dialysis purification to obtain the carbon quantum dots. Specific process parameters for comparative examples 1-6 are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 specific Process parameters for comparative examples 1-6
Wherein, comparative example 1 is different from example 1 only in that in comparative example 1, no catalyst is added and the hydrothermal reaction time is 15 h; comparative example 2 differs from example 3 only in that in comparative example 2 the catalyst used isZrO2(ii) a Comparative example 3 compared to example 8, the only difference is that in comparative example 3 the catalyst used was Nb2O5(ii) a Comparative example 4 is compared with example 6, except that in comparative example 4, a zirconium-undoped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst was used; comparative example 5 is different from example 6 only in that in comparative example 5, no surfactant was added at the time of preparing the catalyst, and the resulting catalyst had a specific surface area of 5m2(ii)/g; comparative example 6 is different from example 5 only in that in comparative example 6, the calcination temperature for preparing the catalyst was 600 ℃, and the amount of the strong acid on the surface of the catalyst was 0. mu. mol/g.
Examples of effects
1. The carbon quantum dots obtained in example 1 were detected, wherein a TEM electron micrograph of the carbon quantum dots is shown in fig. 1, an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the carbon quantum dots is shown in fig. 2, and a fluorescence absorption spectrum of the carbon quantum dots is shown in fig. 3.
2. The carbon quantum dots prepared in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were subjected to fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission tests on a Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrometer using a xenon lamp as an excitation source; the carbon quantum dots of each case were diluted with deionized water and placed in test tubes of an integrating sphere, and quantum yields were obtained on an Edinburgh FLS980 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The optimum excitation wavelength, optimum emission wavelength and quantum yield for each case are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 characterization results of examples and comparative examples
| Optimum excitation wavelength (nm) | Optimum emission wavelength (nm) | Quantum yield (%) | |
| Example 1 | 400 | 480 | 28.19 |
| Example 2 | 350 | 450 | 25.20 |
| Example 3 | 360 | 500 | 30.28 |
| Example 4 | 380 | 475 | 32.01 |
| Example 5 | 390 | 600 | 40.31 |
| Example 6 | 400 | 650 | 42.16 |
| Example 7 | 370 | 615 | 41.20 |
| Example 8 | 320 | 460 | 38.30 |
| Example 9 | 360 | 500 | 34.16 |
| Example 10 | 380 | 580 | 29.53 |
| Example 11 | 330 | 490 | 24.35 |
| Comparative example 1 | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 2 | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 3 | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 4 | 380 | 520 | 0.50 |
| Comparative example 5 | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 6 | - | - | - |
Wherein, comparative examples 1-3 and comparative examples 5-6 can not prepare carbon quantum dots, and the detection results according to examples 1-11 show that the zirconium-doped niobium oxygen phosphate catalyst Zr-NbOPO4The preparation of the carbon quantum dots by the lignin can be effectively promoted, and the carbon quantum dots which are uniformly dispersed and have high fluorescence quantum yield can be prepared in a one-step reaction method without adding any inorganic acid or alkali.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst in preparation of carbon quantum dots by lignin is characterized in that the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
2. A preparation method of a carbon quantum dot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing lignin, a zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst, an organic amine reagent and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution, then carrying out high-temperature hydrothermal treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, and freeze-drying a crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment to obtain carbon quantum dots, wherein the specific surface area of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst is 50-250m2The amount of surface strong acid is more than 100 mu mol/g when the desorption temperature of pyridine is more than 400 ℃.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the lignin comprises at least one of alkali lignin, kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, and enzymatic lignin.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the amount of zirconium doped in the zirconium-doped niobium oxy-phosphate catalyst is 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
5. The method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the organic amine reagent comprises at least one of ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, and polyethyleneimine.
6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the mixed solution contains lignin at a concentration of 1 to 10 wt%, the organic amine at a concentration of 10 to 15mol/L, and the mass ratio of the zirconium-doped niobium oxy phosphate catalyst to the lignin is 1 (1.4 to 10).
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the reaction temperature of the high temperature hydrothermal treatment is 160 ℃ and 260 ℃ and the reaction time is 1-12 h.
8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, further comprising the steps of filtering, dialyzing, separating and purifying the crude product after the high-temperature hydrothermal treatment before the step of freeze-drying the crude product.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the filtration step, the pore size of the filter membrane is 0.22 to 0.45 μm; in the dialysis separation step, the molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 1000-3500Da, and the dialysis time is 24-72 h.
10. A carbon quantum dot produced by the production method according to any one of claims 2 to 9.
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