CN111633574A - Composite binder grinding wheel for steel rail grinding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite binder grinding wheel for steel rail grinding and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111633574A CN111633574A CN202010425521.7A CN202010425521A CN111633574A CN 111633574 A CN111633574 A CN 111633574A CN 202010425521 A CN202010425521 A CN 202010425521A CN 111633574 A CN111633574 A CN 111633574A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
- E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
- E01B31/12—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails
- E01B31/17—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails by grinding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite binding agent grinding wheel for grinding steel rails, which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28-45% of modified resin powder, 18-25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 4-12% of carbon fiber, 5-10% of wollastonite, 1-3% of wetting agent and the balance of abrasive. The composite bond grinding wheel has the advantages of good self-sharpening property, long service life and high safety factor, can solve the difficult problems encountered by grinding under extreme conditions of high frequency, high pressure and dry grinding when the steel rail is ground, and has the advantages of large bearable pressure during grinding, long grinding range, no burn of the steel rail and the like when the steel rail is ground by using the composite bond grinding wheel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-hard abrasive tools, and particularly relates to a composite bond grinding wheel for rail grinding or under the working conditions of constant pressure, high speed and no cooling and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the railway running process, due to the non-uniformity and complex variability of road conditions, the section and the axial direction of the steel rail are not uniformly worn. Along with the development of domestic railways, the running speed of trains is increased continuously, the transportation volume is increased more intensively, the damage phenomenon between wheel rails becomes more and more serious, and the cost for replacing and maintaining damaged wheels and steel rails is increased continuously in China every year. The rail grinding technology is used as a basic means for railway maintenance in China, and plays an important role in the running safety and stability of railways.
At present, a common abrasive grinding wheel is mainly used for grinding the steel rail, and due to the limitation of the performance of the common abrasive grinding wheel, a plurality of problems still exist during maintenance and grinding of the steel rail. For example, the grinding quality has the defects of surface burn, vibration lines and the like of the steel rail; the common grinding wheel has insufficient grinding force, low travelling speed, repeated grinding for many times and low grinding efficiency; the grinding wheel has short service life, high running cost and poor cost performance, and the grinding wheel must be frequently stopped and replaced. In addition, the common grinding wheel and the raw materials thereof can cause pollution to the environment in the production and use processes and even influence the normal operation of the railway electrification equipment. Therefore, the common grinding wheel has obvious superhard tendency.
The conventional superhard sand has precise use conditions and good cooling effect. In view of the fact that the conventional superhard grinding wheel cannot meet the use requirements of steel rail grinding due to the fact that steel rail grinding conditions are severe, high-frequency impact, constant pressure and cooling-free dry grinding are caused, and therefore the special grinding wheel suitable for steel rail grinding needs to be developed urgently.
CN110116377A discloses a resin bond CBN grinding wheel for rail grinding, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: the composite material comprises, by weight, 20% -50% of resin powder, 15% -25% of CBN210, 10% -25% of CBN850, 3% -13% of electrolytic copper powder, 12% -20% of green silicon carbide, 1.4% -1.8% of coupling agent and 0.2% -0.6% of polypropylene monofilament fiber, and although the composite material has a good sharpening shape and can meet the requirements of railway track maintenance and polishing, the composite material still has limitations on high pressure resistance, grinding surface quality and polishing mileage and needs to be improved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the composite bond grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail, the composite bond grinding wheel has good self-sharpening property, long service life and high safety factor, can solve the problems encountered by grinding under extreme conditions of high frequency, high pressure and dry grinding during the grinding of the steel rail, and has the advantages of large bearable pressure during the grinding, long grinding range, no burn of the steel rail and the like when being used for grinding the steel rail.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite bond grinding wheel for grinding steel rails is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28-45% of modified resin powder, 18-25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 4-12% of carbon fiber, 5-10% of wollastonite, 1-3% of wetting agent and the balance of abrasive.
Further, the modified resin powder is obtained by the following treatment: mixing and stirring polyimide resin powder and nano copper powder according to a mass ratio of 7:3-4, and then mechanically ball-milling in a planetary ball mill for 3-7 hours to obtain mixed powder; and (3) putting the mixed powder into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain modified resin particles with the diameter of 1-2cm, and then carrying out airflow pulverization by an airflow pulverizer to obtain the modified resin powder with the particle size of 100-200 mu m.
In the formula of the invention, the resin powder in the modified resin is specially treated polyimide resin powder, and the resin is modified by the nano copper powder, so that the existence of the nano copper powder increases the toughness of the resin on one hand, the service life of the grinding wheel can be prolonged during grinding, on the other hand, the nano copper powder can improve the heat conductivity of the resin, the uniform temperature rise of the structure is improved in the forming process, and meanwhile, the copper powder can activate the metal components in the bonding agent, improve the interface states of the resin state and the alloy state, and improve the interface bonding force between the resin and the metal in the bonding agent system, thereby improving the integral strength of the grinding wheel and the holding force of the grinding material, and reducing the abnormal falling of.
Specifically, the diameter of the carbon fiber is 50-100 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 5-8. The carbon fiber is an essential component in the formula, the strength of the grinding wheel can be effectively improved due to the structure of the fiber, the phenomena of cracking, falling and the like of the grinding wheel under the conditions of constant pressure, high-frequency vibration and dry grinding are avoided, and the use safety of the grinding wheel is ensured; meanwhile, the carbon fiber material is a lubricating material, so that the friction coefficient can be reduced in the grinding process, and the workpiece burn and abrasive falling caused by a large amount of grinding heat generated under the dry grinding condition are reduced.
Further preferably, the abrasive is formed by mixing diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) in a mass ratio of 1:2-4, and the mass ratio of the diamond to the Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) is preferably 1: 3. The diamond has high strength, the trimmed grinding wheel can be ensured to have better edge-cutting effect, and the grinding sharpness is high; the CBN crystallites are of a structure that constantly provides a sharp cutting edge and are particularly suitable for grinding ferrous alloys in terms of hardness and chemistry.
Specifically, the diamond particle size is 50/60, and the cubic boron nitride particle size is 50/60.
Further, the wetting agent is formed by mixing paraffin and a coupling agent in a volume ratio of 2-4: 1.
Further preferably, the paraffin wax used is liquid paraffin wax, and the coupling agent used is a KH560 silane coupling agent.
The invention relates to a composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding steel rails, wherein the matrix of the grinding wheel is a copper matrix, a steel matrix or a composite matrix of the copper matrix and the steel matrix. The copper and steel substrate has the advantages of high strength, good thermal conductivity and the like, and the high strength can ensure the safety of the grinding wheel; high heat conduction can effectively lead out grinding heat, and is good for dry grinding conditions.
In the invention, wollastonite is an indispensable component in the formula of the grinding wheel, the wollastonite can reduce the melting point of a workpiece at the joint surface of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the workpiece surface is melted with a nano-thickness layer under the action of grinding heat, and the workpiece surface is ground by the grinding wheel to achieve the effect of removing allowance without generating stress concentration, so that the durability and the use safety of the processed workpiece are ensured, and the cutting capability of the grinding wheel and the surface quality of the workpiece can be improved. The wollastonite has a unique needle-like fiber structure, so that the wear resistance of the bonding agent can be improved, and the impact strength of the grinding wheel is increased.
A preparation method of the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail specifically comprises the following steps:
1) stirring and mixing the modified resin powder, the copper-tin alloy powder, the carbon fiber and wollastonite, then putting the mixture into a planetary mixer for ball mixing for 2 to 6 hours, and sieving the mixture through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a uniformly mixed bonding agent; sieving the grinding material with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing the grinding material with a wetting agent, uniformly grinding, pouring the mixture into a uniformly mixed binding agent, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material;
2) pouring the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material into a molding die with a base body, spreading, plowing and scraping the material, and covering a pressing plate;
3) placing the mould on a hot press, pre-pressing for 30-60 min for primary molding, then heating to 400-500 ℃, pressurizing to 400-800 MPa, keeping the temperature and pressure for 1.5-3h, and reducing the temperature to below 260 ℃ under the pressure to release the pressure and remove the mould, thus obtaining a semi-finished product of the grinding wheel;
4) the semi-finished product of the grinding wheel is processed into the composite binder grinding wheel for rail grinding through working procedures of turning, grinding and the like.
Specifically, during the pre-pressing in the step 3), the pre-pressing temperature is set to 330-.
The invention aims to provide a composite bonding agent grinding wheel for steel rail grinding, which is added with a reinforcing type and a lubricating filler according to a formula, has the advantages of a resin bonding agent and a metal bonding agent, has strong impact resistance, continuous sharpness and long service life, can solve the problems of poor steel rail grinding quality, low efficiency, short service life and poor cost performance under the severe conditions of high frequency, high pressure and dry grinding during steel rail grinding, and has the advantages of good grinding sharpness, long service life, safety and reliability. Compared with the traditional processing mode, the processing quality is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the modified resin powder used in the invention, besides the elasticity of the resin material, introduces the nano-copper particles to increase the strength and toughness of the system, improves the overall impact resistance of the grinding wheel under the condition of high-frequency vibration, and obtains better grinding quality; meanwhile, the introduction of the nano copper particles improves the bonding property of a two-phase interface, increases the integral uniformity of the grinding wheel, reduces the falling of the grinding material and prolongs the service life of the grinding wheel. Compared with the existing resin bond grinding wheel, the composite bond grinding wheel combines the advantages of two bonding agents, and the grinding effect can be improved. The composite bonding agent has the advantages of both, and is suitable for high pressure, high frequency and dry grinding conditions during rail grinding. Meanwhile, the fiber structure of the carbon fibers in the grinding wheel system can effectively improve the strength of the grinding wheel, so that the grinding wheel is prevented from cracking, falling and the like under the conditions of constant pressure, high-frequency vibration and dry grinding, the friction coefficient of the grinding wheel can be reduced, the grinding heat is reduced, and the grinding quality is improved. The grinding wheel of the invention is used for grinding the steel rail, and has the advantages of large bearable pressure during grinding, long grinding range, no burn of the steel rail and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the examples described below, diamond abrasive (particle size 50/60) was purchased from Zhongnan diamond corporation, and CBN abrasive (particle size 50/60) was selected from CBN1800, manufactured by Henan Fei Meng Diamond industries, Inc.; polyimide resin powder was purchased from kui-gong zhong-tiansheng new materials science and technology limited. The nanometer copper powder is purchased from Ningbo Jinlei nanometer materials science and technology limited, and has a particle size of 20-100 nm.
Carbon fibers (diameter 50-100 μm, aspect ratio 5-8) were purchased from New Material science and technology, Inc., of Navy, Cangzhou.
The copper-tin alloy powder is purchased from Tianjin kenna metal materials Co., Ltd, and the wollastonite is purchased from Qiangdong mineral product processing factory in Lingshou county.
The wetting agent is formed by mixing paraffin and a coupling agent in a volume ratio of 3: 1; the paraffin is liquid paraffin, and the coupling agent is KH560 silane coupling agent, which are all common commercial products that can be directly purchased.
In the examples, the selected modified resin powder was obtained by the following treatments: mixing and stirring polyimide resin powder and nano copper powder according to a mass ratio of 7:3, and then putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for ball milling and mechanical mixing for 5 hours to obtain mixed powder; and (3) putting the mixed powder into a micro injection molding machine, performing injection molding to obtain modified resin particles with the diameter of 1cm, and performing jet milling by using a jet mill to obtain the modified resin powder with the particle size of 100 mu m.
Example 1
A composite bond grinding wheel for grinding steel rails is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of diamond abrasive, 15% of CBN abrasive, 45% of modified resin powder, 25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 4% of carbon fiber, 5% of wollastonite and 1% of wetting agent.
The preparation method of the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and stirring and mixing the copper-tin alloy powder, wollastonite, modified resin powder and carbon fiber, then putting the mixture into a planetary mixer for ball mixing for 4 hours, and sieving the mixture for 5 times by a 200-mesh standard sieve to obtain the uniformly mixed bonding agent. Putting the diamond grinding material and the CBN grinding material into a mortar after passing through a 40-mesh screen for 3 times, adding the mixed wetting agent, grinding for 30min, pouring the ground grinding material into the uniformly mixed bonding agent, and passing through the 40-mesh screen for 5 times to obtain the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material;
(2) pouring the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material into a molding die with a steel-copper composite matrix, spreading, plowing and scraping the material, and covering a pressing plate;
(3) placing the die on a hot press with preset temperature and pressure, prepressing for 45min for preliminary molding (the prepressing temperature is 380 ℃ and the prepressing pressure is 200 Mpa), then heating to 450 ℃, pressurizing to 500Mpa, preserving heat and pressure for 2h, and releasing pressure and unloading the die after the pressure is reduced to below 260 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished grinding wheel;
(4) the semi-finished product of the grinding wheel is processed into the required precision through the procedures of conventional turning, grinding and the like in the field, and the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail is obtained.
The experimental effect is as follows: the grinding wheel prepared according to the formula and the preparation method can bear the maximum pressure 2600N through a safety test and passes a rotation test at a linear speed of 180 m/s. During simulation grinding experiment testing, 60 steel rails are ground without cooling under the conditions of grinding pressure of 1200N and simulated traveling speed of 10km/h, the single feed amount can reach 0.5mm, trimming is not needed, the sharpness of a grinding wheel is good, the roughness of the ground steel rails is Ra6.5, the steel rails are not burnt, and the measured grinding mileage reaches 150 km.
Example 2
A composite bond grinding wheel for grinding steel rails is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 9% of diamond abrasive, 27% of CBN abrasive, 28% of modified resin powder, 18% of copper-tin alloy powder, 5% of carbon fiber, 10% of wollastonite and 3% of wetting agent.
The preparation method of the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and stirring and mixing the copper-tin alloy powder, wollastonite, modified resin powder and carbon fiber, then putting the mixture into a planetary mixer for ball mixing for 4 hours, and sieving the mixture for 5 times by a 200-mesh standard sieve to obtain the uniformly mixed binding agent. Putting the diamond grinding material and the CBN grinding material into a mortar after passing through a 40-mesh screen for 3 times, adding the mixed wetting agent, grinding for 30min, pouring the ground grinding material into the uniformly mixed bonding agent, and passing through the 40-mesh screen for 5 times to obtain the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material;
(2) pouring the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material into a molding die with a steel matrix, spreading, plowing and scraping the material, and covering a pressing plate;
(3) placing the die on a hot press with preset temperature and pressure, prepressing for 45min for preliminary molding (the prepressing temperature is 380 ℃ and the prepressing pressure is 200 Mpa), then heating to 450 ℃, pressurizing to 500Mpa, preserving heat and pressure for 2h, and releasing pressure and unloading the die after the pressure is reduced to 260 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product of the grinding wheel;
(4) the semi-finished product of the grinding wheel is processed into the required precision through the procedures of conventional turning, grinding and the like in the field, and the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail is obtained.
The implementation effect is as follows: according to the grinding wheel prepared by the formula and the preparation method, in experimental tests, 60 steel rails are ground under the condition that the running speed is 8km/h, the bearable pressure during grinding is more than 1100N, the maximum linear speed of the grinding wheel is 110m/s, the roughness of the ground steel rails is Ra7.2, the grinding mileage is 180km, and the steel rails are free of burn.
The experimental effect is as follows: the grinding wheel prepared according to the formula and the preparation method can bear the maximum pressure of 3000N through a safety test and passes a rotation test at the linear speed of 200 m/s. During simulation grinding experiment testing, 60 steel rails are ground without cooling under the conditions that the grinding pressure is 1500N and the simulated traveling speed is 8km/h, the single-time feed amount can reach 0.6mm, trimming is not needed, the sharpness of a grinding wheel is good, the roughness of the ground steel rails is Ra7.2, the steel rails are not burnt, and the measured grinding mileage reaches 180 km.
Example 3
A composite bond grinding wheel for grinding steel rails is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7% of diamond abrasive, 21% of CBN abrasive, 30% of modified resin powder, 22% of copper-tin alloy powder, 12% of carbon fiber, 6% of wollastonite and 2% of wetting agent.
The preparation method of the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and stirring and mixing the copper-tin alloy powder, wollastonite, modified resin and carbon fiber, then putting the mixture into a planetary mixer for ball mixing for 4 hours, and sieving the mixture for 5 times by a 200-mesh standard sieve to obtain the uniformly mixed bonding agent. Putting the diamond grinding material and the CBN grinding material into a mortar after passing through a 40-mesh screen for 3 times, adding the mixed wetting agent, grinding for 30min, pouring the ground grinding material into the uniformly mixed bonding agent, and passing through the 40-mesh screen for 5 times to obtain the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material;
(2) pouring the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material into a molding die with a copper substrate, spreading, plowing and scraping the material, and covering a pressing plate;
(3) placing the die on a hot press with preset temperature and pressure, prepressing for 45min for preliminary molding (the prepressing temperature is 380 ℃ and the prepressing pressure is 200 Mpa), then heating to 450 ℃, pressurizing to 500Mpa, preserving heat and pressure for 2h, and releasing pressure and unloading the die after the pressure is reduced to 260 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product of the grinding wheel;
(4) the semi-finished product of the grinding wheel is processed into the required precision through the procedures of conventional turning, grinding and the like in the field, and the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail is obtained.
The experimental effect is as follows: the grinding wheel prepared according to the formula and the preparation method can bear the maximum pressure of 3500N through a safety test and passes a rotation test at the linear speed of 220 m/s. During simulation grinding experiment testing, 60 steel rails are ground without cooling under the conditions that the grinding pressure is 2000N and the simulated traveling speed is 13 km/h, the single-time feed amount can reach 0.6mm, trimming is not needed, the sharpness of a grinding wheel is good, the roughness of the ground steel rails is Ra5.5, the steel rails are not burnt, and the measured grinding mileage reaches 160 km.
Comparative example 1
A composite bond grinding wheel is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of diamond abrasive, 15% of CBN abrasive, 45% of polyimide resin powder, 25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 4% of carbon fiber, 5% of wollastonite and 1% of wetting agent. The preparation method is as in example 1.
The implementation effect is as follows: according to the grinding wheel prepared by the formula and the preparation method, during simulation experiment tests, 60 steel rails are ground under the condition of 10km/h of simulated traveling speed, the single feed amount only reaches 0.4mm, the grinding is promoted, the surface quality of the steel rails is unstable, and the measured grinding mileage is less than 50 km.
Comparative example 2
A composite bond grinding wheel is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28% of CBN abrasive, 30% of modified resin powder, 22% of copper-tin alloy powder, 12% of carbon fiber, 6% of wollastonite and 2% of wetting agent. The preparation method is as in example 1.
The implementation effect is as follows: according to the grinding wheel prepared by the formula and the preparation method, in a simulation experiment test, 60 steel rails are ground under the condition of the running speed of 8km/h, the 60 steel rails are ground without cooling under the condition of the simulated running speed of 8km/h, the single-time feed amount only reaches 0.35mm, the continuous sharpness of the grinding wheel is poor, the blockage phenomenon of the grinding wheel is obvious, and the steel rails are burnt.
Comparative example 3
A composite bond grinding wheel is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8% of diamond abrasive, 24% of CBN abrasive, 35% of modified resin powder, 25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 6% of wollastonite and 2% of wetting agent. The preparation method is as in example 1.
The implementation effect is as follows: the maximum pressure which can be borne by the grinding wheel prepared according to the formula and the preparation method is only 1000N through a safety test, and a rotation test shows that the grinding wheel has cracks at a linear speed of 80 m/s. During simulation grinding experiment tests, when the grinding bearing pressure is 500N, the grinding wheel is cracked, and the safety of grinding work is influenced; under low pressure, 60 steel rails are ground without cooling under the condition of simulating the traveling speed of 13 km/h, and when the linear speed reaches 65m/s, the grinding wheel has cracks, so that the grinding operation cannot be continued.
From the comparative experiments described above we found that:
1) when the unmodified common polyimide resin powder is selected from the formula of the composite binder grinding wheel, the phenomena of uneven grinding wheel consumption, abrasive falling and the like are easy to occur when the steel rail is ground, the service life of the grinding wheel is short, and the grinding mileage measured and calculated is less than 50 Km;
2) when two kinds of grinding materials of diamond and CBN are not used in the formula of the composite bond grinding wheel, the grinding wheel has poor continuous sharpness and is easy to block when a steel rail is ground, and the steel rail is easy to burn;
3) when carbon fibers are not used in the formula of the composite bond grinding wheel, the grinding pressure borne by the grinding wheel is less than 500N when the steel rail is ground, and the grinding wheel cracks when the linear speed of the grinding wheel is higher than 70m/s, and the like, which affect the grinding safety;
and (4) conclusion: in conclusion, the composite bond grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail has the characteristics of good self-sharpening property, long service life, high safety factor and the like, can solve the problems encountered by grinding under extreme conditions of high frequency, high pressure and dry grinding during the grinding of the steel rail, and has the advantages of large bearable pressure, long grinding range, no burn of the steel rail and the like when being used for grinding the steel rail; the grinding effect is obtained as a result of the synergistic effect of the raw materials in the formula, the formula is a dense and inseparable whole, and the effect of grinding the steel rail by the grinding wheel can be seriously influenced by reducing or randomly replacing the type or content ratio of a certain raw material.
Claims (10)
1. The composite bonding agent grinding wheel for grinding the steel rail is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28-45% of modified resin powder, 18-25% of copper-tin alloy powder, 4-12% of carbon fiber, 5-10% of wollastonite, 1-3% of wetting agent and the balance of abrasive.
2. A composite binder grinding wheel for grinding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein said modified resin powder is obtained by treating: mixing and stirring polyimide resin powder and nano copper powder according to a mass ratio of 7:3-4, and then mechanically ball-milling for 3-7h to obtain mixed powder; and (3) injection molding the mixed powder into modified resin particles with the diameter of 1-2cm, and then carrying out jet milling to obtain the modified resin powder with the particle size of 100-200 mu m.
3. A composite bonded grinding wheel for grinding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein said carbon fiber has a diameter of 50 to 100 μm and an aspect ratio of 5 to 8.
4. A composite binder grinding wheel for grinding a steel rail as defined in claim 1, wherein said abrasive is composed of diamond and cubic boron nitride in a mass ratio of 1: 2-4.
5. A composite bonded grinding wheel for grinding a steel rail according to claim 4, wherein said diamond has a grain size of 50/60 and said cubic boron nitride has a grain size of 50/60.
6. A composite binder grinding wheel for grinding steel rails as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wetting agent is composed of paraffin wax and coupling agent in a volume ratio of 2-4: 1.
7. A composite binder grinding wheel for grinding steel rails according to claim 6, wherein the paraffin wax used is liquid paraffin wax, and the coupling agent used is KH560 silane coupling agent.
8. A composite binder grinding wheel for grinding steel rails according to claim 1, wherein the base of the grinding wheel is a copper base, a steel base or a composite base of both.
9. A method for preparing a composite binder grinding wheel for grinding a steel rail as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the steps of:
1) stirring and mixing the modified resin powder, the copper-tin alloy powder, the carbon fiber and the wollastonite, then ball-mixing for 2-6h, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a uniformly mixed bonding agent; sieving the grinding material with a 40-mesh sieve, mixing the grinding material with a wetting agent, uniformly grinding, pouring the mixture into a uniformly mixed binding agent, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material;
2) pouring the uniformly mixed grinding wheel molding material into a molding die with a base body, spreading, plowing and scraping the material, and covering a pressing plate;
3) placing the mould on a hot press, pre-pressing for 30-60 min for primary molding, then heating to 400-500 ℃, pressurizing to 400-800 MPa, keeping the temperature and pressure for 1.5-3h, and reducing the temperature to below 260 ℃ under the pressure to release the pressure and remove the mould, thus obtaining a semi-finished product of the grinding wheel;
4) the semi-finished product of the grinding wheel is processed into the composite binder grinding wheel for rail grinding through turning and grinding processes.
10. The method for preparing the composite bonding agent grinding wheel for steel rail grinding as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pre-pressing temperature is set to 330-.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010425521.7A CN111633574B (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Composite binder grinding wheel for steel rail grinding and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202010425521.7A CN111633574B (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Composite binder grinding wheel for steel rail grinding and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111633574A true CN111633574A (en) | 2020-09-08 |
| CN111633574B CN111633574B (en) | 2021-08-24 |
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