CN111632493B - Denitration system, control method thereof and ammonia injection control device - Google Patents

Denitration system, control method thereof and ammonia injection control device Download PDF

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CN111632493B
CN111632493B CN202010577867.9A CN202010577867A CN111632493B CN 111632493 B CN111632493 B CN 111632493B CN 202010577867 A CN202010577867 A CN 202010577867A CN 111632493 B CN111632493 B CN 111632493B
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CN111632493A (en
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赵彤宇
郝志国
唐皖如
宋艳珂
董亚坤
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Zhengzhou Jingxu Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Zhengzhou Guangli Jingxu Electric Power Technology Co ltd
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract

The invention relates to a denitration system, a control method thereof and an ammonia injection control device, wherein the method comprises the steps of determining instant sensitive parameters and presetting a hierarchical sensitive coefficient for each type of instant sensitive parameters; determining a partition sensitivity coefficient; calculating a comprehensive sensitivity coefficient; carrying out weighted summation according to the variable quantity of the instant sensitive parameters of each partition and the corresponding comprehensive sensitive coefficient, and calculating the opening regulating quantity of the ammonia injection sub-control valve of each partition; and adjusting the ammonia spraying sub-control valves of the sub-zones in real time according to the opening adjustment quantity. The invention can control the fluctuation range of the concentration of the nitrogen oxides and the escape amount of ammonia at the outlet of the denitration reactor to be kept in a small range, and has good application value.

Description

Denitration system, control method thereof and ammonia injection control device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air pollution control of coal-fired boilers, and particularly relates to a denitration system, a control method of the denitration system and an ammonia injection control device.
Background
Generally, the denitration reaction of the coal-fired boiler of the thermal power plant is positioned in an SCR reactor at the rear stage of an economizer, and a large time delay exists from the time when a reducing agent adjusting instruction is sent out, the denitration reaction is carried out, and then the change of NOx at a total discharge port is detected (generally, the time is about 5min when the reducing agent is liquid ammonia, and the time is as long as 15-20 min when the reducing agent is urea for pyrolysis).
Along with the operation of a denitration system, a flue gas velocity field, a temperature field and a fly ash concentration field deviate due to the design, installation or abrasion of a flow guide element in an SCR flue; in addition, the concentration field of the NOx in the flue gas is changed under the influence of the running quantity, combination and air distribution mode of the burners, so that the denitration reaction on the surface of the catalyst is incomplete due to the uneven distribution of the NOx at the denitration inlet, the uneven mixing of the NOx and the sprayed ammonia and the like, the denitration efficiency of the system is abnormally reduced, the fluctuation range of the NOx at the main discharge port is large, the instantaneous standard exceeding is serious and the like.
The common control mode of the existing denitration system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking the concentration of NOx at a flue gas outlet of a coal-fired power generating unit as a control target, calculating the content of NOx to be removed by multiplying the flue gas flow represented by the unit load by the deviation of the concentration of the NOx at the inlet and the outlet of the flue gas, calculating the oxygen injection quantity to be adjusted by the NH3/NOx molar ratio, and controlling the opening degree of an ammonia injection valve to enable the ammonia injection quantity to be equal to the calculated ammonia required quantity, thereby indirectly realizing the control of the NOx content at the flue gas outlet.
Similar control methods are more, and the real-time and closed-loop control is realized through feedback and regulation. But firstly, the control process is complex, the control is rigid, the adaptability is poor, and when the requirements, the environment and the like of the system are changed, the effective response is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a denitration system control method based on instant sensitive parameters, which is used for solving the problems of complex control and poor adaptability in the prior art. Meanwhile, the invention also provides an ammonia injection control device and a denitration system.
The invention provides a control method of a denitration system, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining at least two types of instant sensitive parameters;
2) presetting a level sensitivity coefficient for each type of instant sensitivity parameters;
for each type of instant sensitive parameters, presetting a partition sensitive coefficient for each partition;
3) for each partition, calculating a comprehensive sensitivity coefficient of each type of instant sensitivity parameter, wherein the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient is the product of the sensitivity coefficient of the corresponding level and the sensitivity coefficient of the corresponding partition;
4) for the ammonia injection sub-control valve of any partition, collecting the variable quantity of each type of instant sensitive parameter, carrying out weighted summation on the variable quantity of each type of instant sensitive parameter and the corresponding comprehensive sensitive coefficient, and calculating the opening regulating quantity of the ammonia injection sub-control valve;
5) and adjusting the ammonia spraying sub-control valves of the sub-zones in real time according to the opening adjustment quantity.
Furthermore, the opening degree regulating quantity of any ammonia injection sub-control valve opening degree is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002550845610000021
in the above formula, Δ u is the opening degree adjustment amount of the opening degree of the ammonia injection sub-control valve, n is the category number of the instant sensitive parameters, and Δ miIs the variation of the instant sensitive parameter after normalization, kiIs the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient.
Further, the instant sensitive parameters include: the concentration of nitrogen oxide on the inlet side of the denitration reactor, the concentration of nitrogen oxide on the outlet side of the denitration reactor and the concentration of ammonia on the outlet side of the denitration reactor.
Further, according to the catalyst activity index of each monitoring area, the maximum limit value of the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve is set, and when the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve is adjusted, the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve is controlled not to be larger than the maximum limit value.
The invention also provides an ammonia injection control device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor is coupled with the memory, and the processor realizes the control method when executing the computer program.
The invention also provides a denitration system, which comprises a denitration reactor and an ammonia injection control device, wherein the ammonia injection control device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and runs on the processor, and the processor is coupled with the memory and is used for realizing the control method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, determining several types of instant sensitive parameters, and then determining the hierarchical sensitivity coefficient of each type of instant sensitive parameters by using an analytic hierarchy process; distributing a subarea sensitivity coefficient for each type of instant sensitive parameter, and calculating a comprehensive sensitivity coefficient according to the product of the determined hierarchical sensitivity coefficient and the subarea sensitivity coefficient so as to represent the sensitivity degree of each instant sensitive parameter to the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the total discharge opening of the flue; and finally, calculating to obtain the instant regulating quantity of the opening of each ammonia injection sub-control valve according to the current change of each instant sensitive parameter and the weighted sum of the corresponding comprehensive sensitive coefficients, and using the instant regulating quantity to regulate the opening of each ammonia injection sub-control valve in real time. Compared with the prior art, the control method can conveniently adjust various sensitivity coefficients to realize different control of the system so as to respond to different requirements and environmental changes and effectively control the concentration fluctuation of NOx at the flue gas outlet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a denitration system control method of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ammonia injection control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the figures are explained below:
101, inlet-one zone NOx concentration sensor; 102, an inlet second zone NOx concentration sensor; 103, inlet three-zone NOx concentration sensor; 201, outlet one zone NOx concentration sensor; 202, outlet two zone NOx concentration sensor; 203, outlet three-zone NOx concentration sensor; 301, outlet one-zone NH3 concentration sensor; 302, outlet two-zone NH3 concentration sensor; 303, outlet three-zone NH3 concentration sensor; 400, spraying ammonia to control the valve; 401, spraying ammonia in a first area to control a valve; 402, spraying ammonia separately controlling valves in the second area; 403, three-zone ammonia spraying separate control valve.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The present embodiments relate to system embodiments, method embodiments, and apparatus embodiments, which are set forth in order below.
The embodiment of the system is as follows:
in the denitrification system shown in fig. 1, the denitrification reactor is divided into three zones, namely a first zone, a second zone and a third zone; each zone corresponds to a first inlet zone, a second inlet zone and a third inlet zone on the inlet side, and a first outlet zone, a second outlet zone and a third outlet zone on the outlet side; NOx concentration sensors 101, 102 and 103 are respectively arranged in the first inlet area, the second inlet area and the third inlet area; the outlet one zone, the outlet two zone, and the outlet three zone are respectively equipped with NOx concentration sensors 201, 202, 203, and NH3 concentration sensors 301, 302, 303. In the denitration system of fig. 1, a main ammonia injection valve 400 and three separate ammonia injection valves 401, 402, and 403 are provided, and the three separate ammonia injection valves correspond to a first area, a second area, and a third area, respectively. In order to improve the denitration efficiency and ensure that the instant fluctuation range of the total exhaust NOx concentration is stabilized in a reasonable interval, the three ammonia injection sub-control valves 401, 402 and 403 need to be adjusted and controlled in real time.
The method comprises the following steps:
in order to realize the real-time adjustment of the opening of each ammonia injection sub-control valve, the embodiment utilizes three immediate sensitive parameters to control the opening of the sub-control valve in real time, and the key points of the embodiment are to determine the coefficients of the three immediate sensitive parameters and further determine the coefficients of each subarea. The following is specifically described:
first, several classes of immediate sensitive parameters need to be determined. By "instant", it is meant that the sub-controlled valves should respond to these parameters immediately.
In this embodiment, three types of immediate sensitive parameters are determined:
first type instant sensitive parameters: the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the denitrification reactor;
second type immediate sensitive parameters: the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the denitrification reactor;
the third type of immediate sensitive parameters: ammonia concentration at the outlet of the denitrification reactor.
Three types are selected in the embodiment, and as other implementation manners, more types or less types may be selected.
These immediate sensitive parameters can be selected empirically or by reference to the following screening methods:
monitoring the change of the sensitive parameter to be selected and the change of the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the main exhaust outlet of the flue of the denitration reactor through the monitoring data of each concentration sensor in the graph 1, judging the correlation between the two, and when the sensitive parameter to be selected changes and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the main exhaust outlet of the flue of the denitration reactor changes, determining the parameter as an instant sensitive parameter capable of immediately influencing the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the main exhaust outlet of the flue in the denitration reactor. As another embodiment, correlation calculation may be performed by using a data calculation model of a correlation coefficient according to the historical monitoring data of the to-be-selected sensitive parameter and the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the total exhaust outlet of the flue, so as to obtain a correlation coefficient, and when the correlation coefficient is greater than a set value, the parameter is selected as an instant sensitive parameter.
(II) determining the instant sensitivity coefficient by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) and allocating a level sensitivity coefficient to each type of instant sensitivity parameter, wherein the allocation value of each level sensitivity coefficient is as follows:
the level sensitivity coefficient c1 of the first type of instant sensitive parameter (concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the denitration reactor) is 0.3;
the level sensitivity coefficient c2 of the second type of instant sensitive parameter (concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the denitration reactor) is 0.3;
the level sensitivity coefficient c3 for the third type of instant sensitivity parameter (ammonia concentration at the outlet of the denitrification reactor) was 0.4.
c1+c2+c3＝1
2) Distributing corresponding partition sensitivity coefficients for each instant sensitive parameter of each partition, wherein the specific distribution method comprises the following steps:
for the first type of instant sensitive parameters, setting a partition sensitive parameter q11, q12 and q13 for each partition; q11+ q12+ q13 ═ 1;
for the second type of instant sensitive parameters, setting a partition sensitive parameter q21, q22 and q23 for each partition; q21+ q22+ q23 ═ 1;
for the third type of instant sensitive parameters, setting a partition sensitive parameter q11, q12 and q13 for each partition; q31+ q32+ q33 ═ 1;
q11, q12 and q13 are denoted as q 1; q21, q22 and q23 are denoted as q 2; q31, q32 and q33 are denoted as q 3.
Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002550845610000041
Figure BDA0002550845610000051
In table 1, q11, q21, and q31 are equal to each other, q12, q22, and q32 are equal to each other, and q13, q23, and q33 are equal to each other. As other embodiments, they may not be equal.
In table 1, the integrated sensitivity coefficient is the product of the corresponding hierarchy sensitivity coefficient and the partition sensitivity coefficient.
For example, the combined sensitivity factor of the nox concentration in a zone at the inlet is the product c1 × q11 of the hierarchical sensitivity factor c1 of the nox concentration at the inlet side and the partition sensitivity factor q11 of a zone.
The instant adjustment amount for calculating the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve 401 is described as an example: collecting the variation delta m1 of the nitrogen oxide concentration of the inlet area after normalization, the variation delta m2 of the nitrogen oxide concentration of the outlet area after normalization and the variation delta m3 of the ammonia gas concentration of the outlet area after normalization, respectively calculating the product of the current variation after normalization and the corresponding comprehensive sensitivity coefficient to obtain three adjustment components, and summing the three adjustment components to obtain the instant adjustment quantity of the opening degree of the ammonia injection sub-control valve 401. Namely, Δ u1 ═ Δ m1 ═ c1 ═ q11+ Δ m2 × c2 × q12+ Δ m3 × c3 × q 13.
The calculation processes of the instant adjustment amounts Δ u1 and Δ u2 of the opening degrees of the ammonia injection sub-control valves 402 and 403 are similar, and the detailed description is omitted in this embodiment; the calculation formula can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002550845610000061
in the formula, Deltau is the opening of the sub-control valve of a certain subarea, n is the number of the instant sensitive parameters, and DeltamiFor the normalized variation, k, of each instant sensitive parameteriIs the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient.
In the above formula, since the dimensions of the variation of each parameter are different, the dimensions of each parameter need to be removed, so that normalization processing is performed to realize weighted summation of the normalized variations, thereby obtaining the opening degree adjustment amount. The above normalization process is applied to each variation, and as another implementation, the normalization process may be applied to the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient corresponding to each variation.
And after the instant regulating quantity of the opening of each ammonia injection sub-control valve is obtained, carrying out real-time regulation on the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve of the corresponding ammonia injection area in the denitration system according to the instant regulating quantities.
For example, case one: when the variation of the nitrogen oxide concentration of the inlet zone and the outlet zone is small between the two moments and the increment of the variation of the ammonia gas concentration of the outlet zone between the two moments is large (the variation is a negative value), the ammonia escape occurs at the moment, and after the variations are normalized, the instant adjustment amount delta u obtained according to the method is obtained1A negative value, for example, -0.2, requires a reduction in the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve 401 by a percentage of 20%.
As another example, case two: when the variation of the nitrogen oxide concentration of the inlet zone I and the outlet zone I between the front time and the rear time is increased in a large range, and the variation of the ammonia gas concentration of the outlet zone I between the front time and the rear time is small or zero, the obtained instant regulating quantity delta u is obtained1If the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve 401 is positive, for example, 0.3, it is necessary to increase the opening by 30%.
The two cases are used for explaining how to adjust and control the opening of the valve according to the calculated instant adjustment quantity, but the use condition of the method is not limited to the two cases, and the improvement of the invention is that the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient of the instant sensitive parameter is determined by using an analytic hierarchy process, and the instant adjustment quantity of the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve corresponding to each monitoring area can be accurately calculated by combining with the detection of the variation quantity of the instant sensitive parameter, so that the concentration fluctuation of NOx at the flue gas outlet can be effectively controlled, and the whole control flow is shown in figure 2.
The important significance of the embodiment is that: by layering and partitioning the sensitive coefficients, various sensitive coefficients can be conveniently adjusted, and different sensitive coefficients can respond to different requirements and environmental changes, so that the concentration fluctuation of NOx at a flue gas outlet can be effectively controlled.
In order to further improve the denitration efficiency by controlling the opening size of the ammonia injection sub-control valve, characteristic sensitive parameters can be considered, and constraint conditions are set for valve opening adjustment through the characteristic sensitive parameters. In this example, the characteristic-sensitive parameters include the catalyst activity index of the first inlet zone, the catalyst activity index of the second inlet zone, and the catalyst activity index of the third inlet zone. In this embodiment, the abrasion degree of the catalyst, the soot deposition and blocking degree of the catalyst, the service life of the catalyst, the denitration efficiency of the catalyst layer in the flue, and the ambient temperature of the catalyst are considered, and corresponding sensitivity coefficients are set for the three catalyst activity indexes, respectively, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002550845610000071
In the above table, the control output is determined by the product of the sensitivity coefficient and the initial opening value of the ammonia injection sub-control valve, for example, the initial opening values of the ammonia injection sub-control valves are all 100%, the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve in the first ammonia injection zone needs to be controlled not to be greater than 0.8 (the value represents 80% of the total opening of the valves), the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve in the second ammonia injection zone needs to be controlled not to be greater than 0.9, and the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve in the third ammonia injection zone needs to be controlled not to be greater than 0.95.
The output quantity in table 2 is the maximum limit value of the opening degree of each ammonia injection sub-control valve, that is, when the opening degree of each ammonia injection sub-control valve in the denitration system is controlled in real time according to the instant adjustment quantity, the opening degree of each ammonia injection sub-control valve cannot be larger than the maximum limit value.
In this embodiment, the catalyst activity index is adjusted periodically according to the actual operating conditions of the denitration system, and generally, the adjustment is performed once every quarter or half a year according to the specific conditions of the site.
The denitration system in this embodiment is mainly improved in that the denitration system control method is adopted, so that the actual hardware configuration of the denitration system is not limited to the denitration system shown in fig. 1, as another embodiment, other existing denitration systems can be adopted, and the trend adjustment of the opening degree of the ammonia injection sub-control valve is realized by using the control method so as to control the concentration of nitrogen oxides and the ammonia escape amount at the outlet of the denitration reactor to be kept in a small range.
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
the embodiment provides an ammonia injection control device applied to the denitration system in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 3, the ammonia injection control device comprises a controller, the controller collects sensors connected with each monitoring area, the controller comprises concentration sensors arranged in an inlet first area, an inlet second area and an inlet third area, and concentration sensors respectively arranged in an outlet first area, an outlet second area and an outlet third area, and the controller is used for selecting instant sensitive parameters according to monitoring data of each concentration sensor and a method recorded in the system embodiment, determining comprehensive sensitivity coefficients of each instant sensitive parameter, and determining instant adjustment amounts of opening degrees of ammonia injection separate control valves of each monitoring area by combining current variation amounts of each instant sensitive parameter of each monitoring area.
In fig. 3, the controller is further connected to the ammonia injection sub-control regulating valves, that is, the first ammonia injection sub-control regulating valve, the second ammonia injection sub-control regulating valve, and the third ammonia injection sub-control regulating valve, which are equivalent to the ammonia injection sub-control regulating valves 401, 402, and 403 in fig. 1, and configured to adjust the opening of each ammonia injection sub-control valve in real time according to the calculated instant adjustment amount.
As shown in fig. 3, the controller in this embodiment is integrated with a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, where the processor is coupled to the memory, and is configured to run a program instruction stored in the memory, so as to implement the method for controlling a denitration system in the system embodiment.
That is, the control method in the above system embodiment should be understood that the method flow of the denitration system control can be realized by computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions can be provided to a processor (such as a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing equipment, etc.), so that the execution of the instructions by the processor generates the functions specified for realizing the method flow.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the ammonia injection control device may have a relatively large difference due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (CPUs) and memories, and one or more storage media storing applications or data. The memory and storage medium may be, among other things, transient or persistent storage. The program stored on the storage medium may include one or more modules, each of which may include a series of instruction operations for a data processing apparatus. Still further, the processor may be configured to communicate with a storage medium to execute a series of instruction operations in the storage medium on the denox system control apparatus.
The processor referred to in this embodiment refers to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA.
The memory referred to in this embodiment includes a physical device for storing information, and generally, information is digitized and then stored in a medium using an electric, magnetic, optical, or the like. For example: various memories for storing information by using an electric energy mode, such as RAM, ROM and the like; various memories for storing information by magnetic energy, such as hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, magnetic core memory, bubble memory, and U disk; various types of memory, CD or DVD, that store information optically. Of course, there are other ways of memory, such as quantum memory, graphene memory, and so forth.
As another embodiment, the ammonia injection control device of this embodiment may further include a display, where the display is configured to display the concentration monitoring values of the sensors on various parameters, the delay sensitive parameter and the variation range thereof, the opening adjustment amount of the ammonia injection master control valve, the instant sensitive parameter and the variation range thereof, the opening adjustment amount of each ammonia injection sub-control valve, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (2)

1. A control method of a denitration system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining at least two types of instant sensitive parameters; the immediate sensitive parameters are: the change of the self-body causes the ammonia injection sub-control valve to immediately respond; the instant sensitive parameters include: the concentration of nitrogen oxide on the inlet side of the denitration reactor, the concentration of nitrogen oxide on the outlet side of the denitration reactor and the concentration of ammonia on the outlet side of the denitration reactor;
2) presetting a level sensitivity coefficient for each type of instant sensitivity parameters;
for each type of instant sensitive parameters, presetting a partition sensitive coefficient for each partition;
3) for each partition, calculating a comprehensive sensitivity coefficient of each type of instant sensitivity parameter, wherein the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient is the product of the sensitivity coefficient of the corresponding level and the sensitivity coefficient of the corresponding partition;
4) for the ammonia injection sub-control valve of any partition, collecting the variable quantity of various instant sensitive parameters, carrying out weighted summation on the variable quantity of various instant sensitive parameters and corresponding comprehensive sensitive coefficients, and calculating the opening degree regulating quantity of the ammonia injection sub-control valve, wherein the opening degree regulating quantity of any ammonia injection sub-control valve has the following calculation formula:
Figure FDA0003411077840000011
in the above formula, Δ u is the opening degree adjustment amount of the opening degree of the ammonia injection sub-control valve, n is the category number of the instant sensitive parameters, and Δ miIs the variation of the instant sensitive parameter after normalization, kiIs the comprehensive sensitivity coefficient;
5) and adjusting the ammonia spraying sub-control valves of the sub-zones in real time according to the opening adjustment quantity.
2. The denitration system control method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and setting a maximum limit value of the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve according to the catalyst activity index of each monitoring area, and controlling the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve to be not greater than the maximum limit value when the opening of the ammonia injection sub-control valve is adjusted.
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