CN111625911B - Modeling method for simulating screw connection - Google Patents
Modeling method for simulating screw connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111625911B CN111625911B CN202010498929.7A CN202010498929A CN111625911B CN 111625911 B CN111625911 B CN 111625911B CN 202010498929 A CN202010498929 A CN 202010498929A CN 111625911 B CN111625911 B CN 111625911B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
A modeling method for simulating screw connection relates to the field of engineering analysis, and is used for simplifying the screw connection in the engineering analysis of a complex model on the premise of ensuring the calculation precision, thereby reducing the scale of a finite element model of the whole machine and improving the analysis efficiency of the complex model. Firstly, a beam unit is adopted to simulate a screw structure, and the connection between the beam unit and an upper connecting piece and a lower connecting piece is realized through multi-point constraint; and secondly, simulating the shear stiffness of the screw connection by using the thin layer unit in the screw connection area, wherein the shear stiffness of the thin layer unit is obtained by analyzing and correcting a fine model. The modeling method has the advantage of simplifying the modeling method, and avoids the problem of overlarge scale of a complex model caused by adopting a fine modeling method; meanwhile, the problem that the shear rigidity of a screw connection area is not considered in a simplified model method is avoided; the thin layer unit in the method only needs to correct the shear stiffness, so that the model parameters needing to be corrected are reduced, and the difficulty of model correction is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering analysis, in particular to a modeling method for simulating screw connection, which can reduce the scale of a finite element model of a complete machine with a complex structure and improve the efficiency of engineering analysis on the premise of ensuring the analysis precision.
Background
The bolt connection has the advantages of simple manufacture, strong external load bearing capacity, convenient assembly and disassembly, higher reliability and the like, and is widely used for assembling the optical-mechanical structure of the space camera. Therefore, in the finite element analysis of the space camera structure, the modeling method of the screw connection has an important influence on the accuracy of the analysis result.
Currently, there are three main methods for screw connection modeling, the first is a fine modeling method, the second is a simplified modeling method, and the third is a thin layer unit method.
The fine modeling method is to perform simulation analysis on a screw connection area through a contact nonlinear algorithm by establishing a fine finite element model of a bolt structure and fully considering contact and friction factors, and has high calculation precision, but because the method needs to use small-size units for grid division, the finite element model of the whole machine has huge scale, so the method is only suitable for static analysis of a simple structure and is not suitable for engineering analysis of complex models;
the simplified model method can be divided into a direct node connection method, a spring element method and a simplified beam model method according to different selected simplified units, wherein the simplified beam model method is the most common simplified method for screw connection, the method generally simplifies bolts into beam unit models and is connected with an upper connecting piece and a lower connecting piece through multipoint constraint, the modeling method greatly simplifies the modeling scale of the screws, and the rigidity contribution of the screws to connection areas is considered, so that the method has certain superiority compared with direct node connection. The method has the disadvantages that the contribution of the bolt pretightening force and the hole-side contact force to the rigidity of the connection area is not considered, so that the dynamic simulation analysis result of the assembly has certain deviation;
the thin layer unit method is characterized in that a layer of thin unit is adopted to simulate screw connection on a screw connection interface, surface-surface contact of a connection structure is equivalent to a very thin entity unit, and an optimization algorithm is used for correcting parameters of the thin layer unit in combination with modal test results.
The accuracy of the screw connection model is characterized by accurate simulation of screw connection rigidity. Wherein the screw connection stiffness mainly comprises: axial tensile stiffness, shear stiffness, and bending stiffness. In the simplified model method, because the beam unit is adopted for the screw to be simplified, the tensile rigidity and the bending rigidity of the screw can be accurately simulated, but the action of a pretightening force is not considered, so the influence of the shear rigidity is not considered in the modeling method, and the thin layer unit is built in the screw connection influence area on the basis of the simplified beam model and only has the shear rigidity by combining the thought of the thin layer unit method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modeling method for simulating screw connection, which aims to solve the problem that the existing screw connection modeling methods cannot meet the use requirements.
A modeling method for simulating screw connection comprises a lower connecting piece, an upper connecting piece, a thin layer unit, a beam unit, a multi-point constraint point A and a multi-point constraint point B; a beam unit is adopted to simulate a screw structure, and the connection between the beam unit and the upper and lower connecting pieces is realized through multi-point constraint points; the lamellar units in the area of the screw connection simulate the shear stiffness of the screw connection.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the beam unit is connected with the upper end face and the lower end face of the upper connecting piece through a multi-point constraint point A to simulate a threaded connection state, and the beam unit is connected with the lower end face of the lower connecting piece through a multi-point constraint point B; the thin layer unit is respectively connected with the lower connecting piece and the upper connecting piece;
step two, determining the shear stiffness of the thin layer unit by adopting a fine modeling method;
the screw is connected with the upper connecting surface node and the lower connecting surface node of the connecting hole, the head of the screw is in a contact state with the lower connecting piece, and the lower connecting piece is in a contact state with the upper connecting piece; and applying pretightening force in the screw, constraining one side of the lower connecting piece in the state, applying tension F on one side of the upper connecting piece for analysis, determining the shearing rigidity of the thin-layer unit, and realizing the connection of the simulation screw.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the modeling method, the screw adopts the beam unit to simplify modeling, the beam unit is connected with the upper end face and the lower end face of the upper connecting piece through multi-point constraint, and the connection state of threads is simulated; the beam unit is connected with the lower end face of the lower connecting piece through multi-point constraint; the two layers of connecting pieces are connected through a thin layer entity unit, the thin layer entity unit is made of anisotropic materials and only has shear rigidity, and the shear modulus of the thin layer unit is corrected through an analysis result of a fine modeling analysis method.
The method combines the thought of a thin layer unit method, and establishes a thin layer unit in the screw connection influence area on the basis of simplifying the beam model, and the thin layer unit only has shear rigidity, so that the defect of simplifying the beam model is overcome, and the method has the advantage of simplifying the beam model. The method only needs to correct the shear rigidity of the thin layer unit, and the difficulty of model correction is greatly reduced.
1) The simplified model method is adopted to avoid the problem of overlarge scale of the whole model caused by a fine modeling method, and the problem that the influence of pre-tightening force cannot be considered by the simplified model method is solved by introducing the thin layer unit;
2) Through the combined use of the simplified model and the thin layer unit, the axial rigidity of bolt connection is not required to be corrected, only the shear rigidity of the thin layer unit is required to be corrected, and the difficulty and the workload of model parameter correction are effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modeling method for simulating a screw connection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of finite element models and boundary conditions corresponding to a fine modeling method for determining the shear modulus of a lamellar unit.
Detailed Description
In the present embodiment, a modeling method for simulating screw connection is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2, and first, axial stiffness and bending stiffness of a screw are simulated by simplifying the screw into a beam unit; secondly, the shear stiffness of the screw connection area is simulated by building a thin layer unit on the screw connection area, so that the modeling scale of the screw is simplified, and three stiffness contributions of the screw connection to the connection area are considered.
Wherein the lamellar unit only has shear rigidity, and the correction method of the shear rigidity is described as follows: firstly, establishing a finite element model of screw connection by a fine model method, fully considering pretightening force and contact characteristics, as shown in fig. 2, fixing one end of a lower connecting piece, applying a tension force F to one end of an upper connecting piece, applying corresponding pretightening force in a screw, performing stress analysis on the two connecting pieces under the condition of the screw connection in a tension state, and calculating the shearing equivalent stiffness K of a thin-layer unit as follows if the displacement dislocation of the two connecting plates at a connecting hole is delta S:
K＝F/ΔS
as shown in fig. 1, it is mainly composed of: lower connecting piece 1, upper junction piece 2, thin layer unit 3, roof beam unit 4, multiple spot about point A5, multiple spot about point B6 are constituteed, wherein the screw adopts roof beam unit 4 simulation, and roof beam unit 4 carries out the simulation threaded connection state of being connected through first multiple spot about point 5 and upper and lower terminal surface of upper junction piece 2, and roof beam unit 4 links to each other with lower connecting piece 1 through multiple spot about point B6, and thin layer unit 3 links to each other with lower connecting piece 1 and upper junction piece 2 respectively.
The thin layer unit 3 only has shear stiffness, and the shear stiffness is corrected by adopting an analysis result of a fine modeling method. As shown in fig. 2, the fine modeling finite element model is that a fine modeling screw 7 is connected with an upper connecting piece 2 at the upper and lower connecting surface nodes of a connecting hole, a contact state 10 is arranged between the head of the screw 7 and the lower connecting piece, a contact state 11 is also arranged between the lower connecting piece 1 and the upper connecting piece 2, a pretightening force 12 is applied inside the screw 7, in this state, one side of the lower connecting piece 1 is restrained 8 (six degrees of freedom of each node, such as 123456 marked in the figure), one side of the upper connecting piece 2 is applied with a tensile force F9 for analysis, generally 80-100N is taken, a dislocation Δ S of the upper and lower connecting pieces in the connecting hole is obtained, and the shearing rigidity of the thin layer connecting unit can be determined by the following formula: k = F/Δ S.
The modeling method can be applied to engineering analysis of a complex model, and screw connection is simplified under the premise of ensuring calculation accuracy, so that the scale of a finite element model of the whole machine is reduced, and the analysis efficiency of the complex model is improved. Firstly, adopting a beam unit to simulate a screw structure, and realizing the connection of the beam unit and an upper connecting piece and a lower connecting piece through multi-point constraint; and secondly, simulating the shear stiffness of the screw connection by using the thin layer unit in the screw connection area, wherein the shear stiffness of the thin layer unit is obtained by analyzing and correcting a fine model.
The modeling method has the advantage of simplifying the modeling method, and avoids the problem of overlarge scale of a complex model caused by adopting a fine modeling method; meanwhile, the problem that the shear rigidity of a screw connection area is not considered in a simplified model method is avoided; compared with the traditional thin layer unit method, the thin layer unit in the current modeling method only needs to correct the shear stiffness, so that model parameters needing to be corrected are reduced, and the difficulty of model correction is obviously reduced.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiment of the present invention; other equivalent variations of those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (1)
1. A modeling method for simulating screw connection comprises a lower connecting piece (1), an upper connecting piece (2), a thin layer unit (3), a beam unit (4), a multi-point constraint point A (5) and a multi-point constraint point B (6); the method is characterized in that: the beam unit (4) is adopted to simulate a screw structure, and the connection between the beam unit (4) and the upper and lower connecting pieces is realized through multi-point constraint points; the lamellar units in the region of the screw (7) connection simulate the shear stiffness of the screw connection;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, connecting the beam unit (4) with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the upper connecting piece (2) through a multipoint constraint point A (5) to simulate a threaded connection state, and connecting the beam unit (4) with the lower end surface of the lower connecting piece (1) through a multipoint constraint point B (6); the thin layer unit (3) is respectively connected with the lower connecting piece (1) and the upper connecting piece (2);
step two, determining the shear stiffness K of the thin layer unit (3) by adopting a fine modeling method;
the screw (7) is connected with the upper connecting surface node and the lower connecting surface node of the upper connecting part (2) through the connecting hole, the head of the screw (7) is in a contact state with the lower connecting part (1), and the lower connecting part (1) is in a contact state with the upper connecting part (2);
applying a pretightening force (12) inside the screw (7), in the state, constraining (8) one side of the lower connecting piece (1), analyzing the tension F (9) applied to one side of the upper connecting piece (2), determining the shearing rigidity of the thin layer unit (3), and realizing the connection of the simulation screw;
determining the shearing rigidity of the thin layer unit (3) through a formula according to the dislocation delta S of the upper connecting piece and the lower connecting piece in the connecting hole, and realizing the connection of the simulation screw; the formula is as follows: k = F/Δ S.
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