CN111624222A - Experimental test system for heat transfer performance of non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver - Google Patents
Experimental test system for heat transfer performance of non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat transfer performance experiment test system of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, which comprises the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, an experiment bench and a water tank, wherein the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises a gravity heat pipe and a cooling water jacket, and the gravity heat pipe comprises a heat pipe evaporation section and a heat pipe condensation section; the heat pipe evaporation section is fixedly arranged on the experiment bench, and the heat pipe condensation section extends into the cooling water jacket; the outer surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is coated with two or more mutually independent silica gel heating belts, and the silica gel heating belts are in heat conduction contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe; every the length of silica gel heating band all with the length of heat pipe evaporation zone equals, every the width of silica gel heating band equals, all the width sum of silica gel heating band equals the girth of gravity heat pipe. The invention can accurately research the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver under different heating modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gravity heat pipe receivers. In particular to a heat transfer performance experiment test system of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver.
Background
The gravity heat pipe is used as a heat transfer element and has the advantages of high heat transfer performance, good isothermal performance, low heat transfer resistance, small heat loss, high efficiency in cold weather, effective freezing prevention and the like. Therefore, the gravity assisted heat pipe is increasingly used as a receiver of a solar heat collector, such as a flat heat pipe collector, a heat pipe vacuum tube collector, a CPC heat pipe vacuum tube collector, and the like.
In these collectors, the evaporation section of the heat pipe receiver is heated in a non-uniform manner. The flat-plate heat pipe collector and the heat pipe receiver in the heat pipe type vacuum tube collector are heated by the upper surface, and the heat pipe receiver in the CPC heat pipe type vacuum tube collector is heated by the lower surface. However, no literature exists for studying the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver under different heating modes through experimental or theoretical research methods.
Based on the above situation, a set of test system for heat transfer performance research of the heat pipe receiver in the non-uniform heating mode is required, so that the heating characteristics of the heat pipe receiver in various heat collectors can be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, which can accurately study the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver under different heating modes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, an experimental bench and a water tank, wherein the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises a gravity heat pipe and a cooling water jacket, and the gravity heat pipe comprises a heat pipe evaporation section and a heat pipe condensation section; the heat pipe evaporation section is fixedly arranged on the experiment bench, and the heat pipe condensation section extends into the cooling water jacket; a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are arranged on the cooling water jacket, the cooling water inlet is in fluid communication with a water outlet of the water tank, and the cooling water outlet is in fluid communication with a water inlet of the water tank; the outer surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is coated with two or more mutually independent silica gel heating belts, and the silica gel heating belts are in heat conduction contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe; every the length of silica gel heating band all with the length of heat pipe evaporation zone equals, every the width of silica gel heating band equals, all the width sum of silica gel heating band equals the girth of gravity heat pipe.
In the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the silica gel heating belt consists of a silica gel sheet and an electric heating wire pressed in the silica gel sheet; the electric heating wires are uniformly coiled in the silica gel sheet; the diameter of the electric heating wire is 0.1mm, the distance between the adjacent electric heating wires along the length direction of the silica gel sheet is 4mm, and the electric heating wire is made of nickel-chromium alloy; the distance between the electric heating wire close to the edge of the silica gel sheet and the edge of the silica gel sheet along the length direction is 2.5 mm; the distance between the contact surface of the silica gel sheet and the gravity heat pipe and the electric heating wire is 0.75 mm.
According to the heat transfer performance experiment test system for the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the hardness of the silica gel sheet is Shore 45A-55A, the tensile strength is 7.5-9.5Mpa, the elongation is 550-700%, the tear strength is 18-22kN/m, and the thickness of the silica gel sheet is 1.6 mm; the surface of the silica gel sheet contacting with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe is a smooth surface.
According to the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the synthetic fiber with the thickness of 1-3mm is coated outside the silica gel heating belt, so that the silica gel heating belt is attached to the outer surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe.
According to the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the 380V power supply is electrically connected with the silicon rectifying equipment, and the direct current output by the silicon rectifying equipment is electrically connected with the electric heating wire after passing through the direct current voltage regulator and the direct current power digital display meter in sequence.
The experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises an experimental bench, a rotating rack and a supporting frame, the base is a rectangular structure consisting of a first channel steel, a second channel steel, a first angle steel and a second angle steel, the notch of the first channel steel and the notch of the second channel steel are downward, the two ends of the first angle steel and the two ends of the second angle steel are fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the groove bottom of the first channel steel and the outer wall surface of the groove bottom of the second channel steel respectively through the side wall surfaces of the angle steels, the rotating angle steel frame comprises two or more than two transverse angle steels and two or more than two longitudinal angle steels, the transverse angle steels are parallel to each other, the longitudinal angle steels are parallel to each other, the transverse angle steels are fixedly connected with the longitudinal angle steels through angle steel side wall surfaces, and the transverse angle steels are all positioned below the longitudinal angle steels; the support angle steel frame comprises a first vertical angle steel and a second vertical angle steel, the lower end of the first vertical angle steel is fixedly installed at one end of the first channel steel, and the lower end of the second vertical angle steel is fixedly installed at the other end of the first channel steel; one end of the rotating frame is hinged with the second channel steel of the base through the transverse angle steel; adjusting fixing holes are respectively formed in the side wall of the angle steel of the first vertical angle steel and the side wall of the angle steel of the second vertical angle steel from bottom to top, and adjusting fixing holes are also formed in the side walls of the angle steel of the two longitudinal angle steels outside the rotating frame along the length direction; the gravity heat pipe is fixedly arranged on the rotating frame.
In the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, a water pump is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the cooling water inlet and the water outlet of the water tank; and an exhaust valve, a flow control valve and a float flowmeter are respectively arranged on a pipeline communicated with the cooling water outlet and the water inlet of the water tank, and hot water flows through the exhaust valve, the flow control valve and the float flowmeter from the cooling water outlet to the water inlet of the water tank in sequence.
According to the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the water tank comprises a buffer water tank and a heating water tank, a buffer partition plate is arranged between the buffer water tank and the heating water tank, and the buffer water tank is communicated with the heating water tank through space fluid above the buffer partition plate; and a heating element is arranged in the heating water tank.
In the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, temperature measuring points are arranged on the heat pipe evaporation section, the heat pipe condensation section and the cooling water jacket, wherein the temperature measuring points on the heat pipe evaporation section are insulated from the silica gel heating zone; collecting temperature data of the temperature measuring points by using a multi-path data collector;
on the cooling water jacket: a cooling water inlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the cooling water inlet, and the measured cooling water inlet temperature is Tin(ii) a A cooling water outlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the cooling water outlet, and the measured cooling water outlet temperature is Tout；
On the heat pipe condensation section: the upper surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section and the lower surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section are respectively arranged on two outer side wall surfaces which are opposite up and down of the heat pipe condensation section; the temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the upper surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Ti(ii) a The temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the lower surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Tj；
On the evaporation section of the heat pipe:
along the circumferential direction of the evaporation section of the heat pipe: a heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring point is arranged between each silica gel heating belt and the heat pipe evaporation section, and the measured temperature is T;
along the length direction of the heat pipe evaporation section: and n temperature measuring points are arranged between the silica gel heating belt and the heat pipe evaporation section at equal intervals, wherein n is a natural number more than or equal to 1.
In the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the number of the silica gel heating zones is 4;
on the evaporation section of the heat pipe:
along the circumferential direction of the evaporation section of the heat pipe: four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively arranged between the four silica gel heating belts and the heat pipe evaporation sections, and are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the heat pipe evaporation sections; the temperatures measured by the four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively Ta、Tb、TcAnd Td；
Along the length direction of the heat pipe evaporation section: 6 groups of temperature measuring points are arranged between the silica gel heating belt and the heat pipe evaporation section;
from the upper end of the heat pipe evaporation section to the lower end of the heat pipe evaporation section:
the temperature distribution measured by the first group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta1、Tb1、Tc1And Td1；
The temperature distribution measured by a second group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta2、Tb2、Tc2And Td2；
The temperature distribution measured by a third group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta3、Tb3、Tc3And Td3；
The temperature distribution measured by the fourth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta4、Tb4、Tc4And Td4；
The temperature distribution measured by a fifth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta5、Tb5、Tc5And Td5；
The temperature distribution measured by the sixth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta6、Tb6、Tc6And Td6。
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, the angle-adjustable experimental bench, a water circulation system and a temperature and flow rate measuring device, and can accurately research the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver in different heating modes.
Through adjusting the heating power in four silica gel heating bands in this application, realize the inhomogeneous heating condition of difference of heat pipe to can realize the study of inhomogeneous heating heat pipe receiver heat transfer performance such as heat pipe receiver upper surface heating (in flat heat pipe collector, heat pipe vacuum tube collector), and heat pipe receiver lower surface heating (in CPC heat pipe vacuum tube collector). The silica gel heating band is plain noodles silica gel material heating band, and the effect of laminating with the heat pipe evaporation section wall is inseparabler like this, therefore the heat transfer effect is better. Because the evaporation section of the heat pipe is longer, in order to realize that the silica gel heating belt is tightly jointed with the heat pipe, the silica gel heating belt can continuously keep good overall jointing in the long-time experiment process, and the natural shape of the silica gel heating belt is ensured to have better retentivity and is easy to be jointed with the heat pipe; silica gel with the hardness of Shore 45A-55A, the tensile strength of 7.5-9.5Mpa, the elongation of 550-. The too hard silica gel has good natural shape retentivity, but is difficult to be tightly attached to the gravity assisted heat pipe; the too soft silica gel is easy to deform, and the area of the cladding gravity heat pipe can be different under the condition that the size of the silica gel sheet is the same, so that the heating area is difficult to control accurately, and the accuracy of the test is influenced. The experiment needs to ensure the natural convection heat dissipation of the surface of the silica gel heating belt and ensure the perfect joint between the silica gel heating belt and the heat pipe, so that the silica gel heating sheet cannot be tightly wrapped by heat preservation and insulation materials such as asbestos and the like, and repeated experiments determine that the silica gel heating belt is wrapped by synthetic fiber cloth (commercially available terylene or commercially available nylon) with the thickness of 1-3mm, so that the natural convection heat dissipation between the silica gel heating belt and the environment is well ensured, the silica gel heating belt and the heat pipe can be well jointed, and the test result is very ideal (the temperature measured by a temperature measuring point is regularly and gradually increased from a condensation section to an evaporation section). In addition, the silica gel heating band and the heat pipe evaporation section cannot be bonded together through glue, because the glue can cause unstable and uneven heat transfer between the silica gel heating band and the heat pipe evaporation section in the heating process.
In order to ensure that the silica gel heating band uniformly transfers heat to the evaporation section of the heat pipe and ensure that the natural convection heat dissipation of the surface of the silica gel heating band can meet the test requirements, the invention determines the material of the silica gel sheet and coats a layer of synthetic fiber on the surface of the silica gel sheet through repeated tests, and determines that the thickness of the silica gel sheet is 1.6mm, the distance between the electric heating wire and the surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is 0.75mm, and the diameter of the electric heating wire is 0.1 mm.
The direct current power supply with good stable condition is selected to heat the silica gel heating band in the application, so that the heating power of the heating band is very stable, and the accuracy is high.
A plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged along the length direction and the circumferential direction of the evaporation section and the condensation section of the heat pipe, and the temperature measuring points are arranged at the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet of the cooling water jacket to respectively test the temperature distribution of the wall surface of the heat pipe and the temperature of the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet, so that the influence of the non-uniform heating mode on the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver is accurately researched in detail.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gravity heat pipe of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental bench of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention placed on an experimental bench;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a silica gel heating belt of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a DC power connection of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an AC power connection of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
fig. 10a illustrates the heating power variation of the constant voltage silica gel heating tape of the dc voltage regulator and the ac voltage regulator, wherein the power is 60W;
fig. 10b is a graph showing the heating power variation of the constant voltage silica gel heating tape of the dc voltage regulator and the ac voltage regulator, wherein the power is 90W;
fig. 10c is a graph showing the heating power variation of the constant voltage silica gel heating tape of the dc voltage regulator and the ac voltage regulator, wherein the power is 120W;
FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of a cooling jacket of the experimental testing system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of a heat pipe evaporation section of the experimental testing system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe evaporation section of the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 14a is a graph of thermal efficiency with respect to the variation of the working inclination angle for different heating modes of the heat pipe, wherein the total heating power is 240W;
FIG. 14b is a graph showing the variation of thermal efficiency with the inclination angle of operation for different heating modes of the heat pipe, wherein the total heating power is 280W;
FIG. 14c is a graph showing the thermal efficiency of the heat pipe varying with the inclination angle, and the total heating power is 320W.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-gravity heat pipe; 1-1-a heat pipe condensation section; 1-2-a heat pipe evaporation section; 2-cooling water jacket; 2-1-cooling water inlet; 2-2-cooling water outlet; 3-silica gel heating zone; 3-1-silica gel sheet; 3-2-electric heating wire; 4-a base; 4-1-a first channel steel; 4-2-a second channel steel; 4-3-first angle steel; 4-4-second angle steel; 5-a rotating frame; 5-1-transverse angle steel; 5-2-longitudinal angle steel; 6-a support frame; 6-1-a first upright angle iron; 6-2-second upright angle steel; 7-adjusting the fixing hole; 8-a water pump; 9-an exhaust valve; 10-a flow control valve; 11-float flow meter; 12-a buffer water tank; 13-heating the water tank; 14-a buffer spacer; 15-a heating element; a 16-silicon rectifier; 17-a dc voltage regulator; 18-direct current power digital display meter; 19-an ac voltage regulator; 20-alternating current power digital display meter; .
Detailed Description
The heat transfer performance test system for the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises a heat transfer performance test system.
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver in this embodiment includes a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, an experimental bench and a water tank.
The test system comprises a non-uniformly heated heat pipe receiver, an angle-adjustable experiment bench, a water circulation system and a temperature and flow velocity measuring device. Because the ambient temperature, the wind speed and other conditions can be better controlled indoors, and the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver under different heating modes can be more accurately researched, the experimental test system is selected to be built indoors.
1. Non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver
The nonuniform heating heat pipe receiver shown in fig. 2 comprises a gravity heat pipe 1 and a cooling water jacket 2, wherein the gravity heat pipe 1 comprises a heat pipe evaporation section 1-2 and a heat pipe condensation section 1-1; the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2 is fixedly arranged on the experiment bench, the heat pipe condensation section 1-1 extends into the cooling water jacket 2, the cooling working medium in the cooling jacket 2 is water, and the heat pipe condensation section 1-1 is directly connected with the cooling water jacket 2 in a flange manner; the cooling water jacket 2 is provided with a cooling water inlet 2-1 and a cooling water outlet 2-2, the cooling water inlet 2-1 is communicated with a water outlet fluid of the water tank, and the cooling water outlet 2-2 is communicated with a water inlet fluid of the water tank.
2. Water circulation system
The experimental water circulation system mainly comprises a water tank, a float flowmeter 11, a flow regulating valve 10, an exhaust valve 9, a circulating water pump 8 and a cooling water jacket 2 arranged at a heat pipe condensation section 1-1. As shown in fig. 1, a water pump 8 is installed on a pipeline connecting the cooling water inlet 2-1 and the water outlet of the water tank. An exhaust valve 9, a flow control valve 10 and a float flowmeter 11 are respectively installed on a pipeline communicating the cooling water outlet 2-2 with the water inlet of the water tank, and hot water flows through the exhaust valve 9, the flow control valve 10 and the float flowmeter 11 from the cooling water outlet 2-2 to the water inlet of the water tank in sequence. In order to adjust the water temperature of a cooling water inlet 2-1 of a cooling water jacket 2, the water tank comprises a buffer water tank 12 and a heating water tank 13, a buffer partition plate 14 is arranged between the buffer water tank 12 and the heating water tank 13, and the buffer water tank 12 is communicated with the heating water tank 13 through fluid in a space above the buffer partition plate 14; a heating element 15 is arranged in the heating water tank 13.
Table 1 shows the parameters associated with the water circulation system equipment.
TABLE 1 Water circulation System Equipment-related parameters
3. Angle-adjustable test bed
The angle-adjustable test bed shown in fig. 5 and 6 comprises a base 4, a rotating frame 5 and a supporting frame 6, wherein the base 4 is a rectangular structure consisting of a first channel steel 4-1, a second channel steel 4-2, a first angle steel 4-3 and a second angle steel 4-4, a notch of the first channel steel 4-1 and a notch of the second channel steel 4-2 are both downward, two ends of the first angle steel 4-3 and two ends of the second angle steel 4-4 are respectively fixedly connected with an outer wall surface of a groove bottom of the first channel steel 4-1 and an outer wall surface of a groove bottom of the second channel steel 4-2 through angle steel side wall surfaces, the rotating angle steel frame 5 comprises two or more than two transverse angle steels 5-1 and two or more than two longitudinal angle steels 5-2, the transverse angle steels 5-1 are parallel to each other, the longitudinal angle steels 5-2 are parallel to each other, the transverse angle steels 5-1 are fixedly connected with the longitudinal angle steels 5-2 through angle steel side wall surfaces, and the transverse angle steels 5-1 are all positioned below the longitudinal angle steels 5-2; the support angle steel frame 6 comprises a first vertical angle steel 6-1 and a second vertical angle steel 6-2, the lower end of the first vertical angle steel 6-1 is fixedly installed at one end of the first channel steel 4-1, and the lower end of the second vertical angle steel 6-2 is fixedly installed at the other end of the first channel steel 4-1; one end of the rotating frame 5 is hinged with a second channel steel 4-2 of the base 4 through the transverse angle steel 5-1; the side wall of the first upright angle steel 6-1 and the side wall of the second upright angle steel 6-2 are respectively provided with an adjusting fixing hole 7 from bottom to top, and the side walls of the two longitudinal angle steels 5-2 outside the rotating frame 5 are also provided with adjusting fixing holes 7 along the length direction; the gravity heat pipe 1 is fixedly arranged on the rotating frame 5. The inclination angle of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver is adjusted by adjusting the rotating frame 5 and the supporting frame 6, and the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe receiver in a multi-angle state is simulated.
Two, non-uniform heating device
In order to realize that the evaporation section of the heat pipe receiver is respectively positioned in an upper surface heating mode, a lower surface heating mode, an even heating mode and other non-even heating modes in an experimental test, the outer surface of the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe is coated with two or more mutually independent silica gel heating belts 3.
In this embodiment, the non-uniform heating of the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe is realized by four silica gel heating bands 3, as shown in fig. 4, the installation positions of the four silica gel heating bands 3 are respectively 0-90 °, 90-180 °, 180 ° -270 °, 270 ° -360 °, and different non-uniform heating conditions of the heat pipe are realized by adjusting the heating power of the four silica gel heating bands 3, so as to simulate the actual solar heating conditions.
The silica gel heating belt 3 is in heat conduction contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe 1; every the length of silica gel heating band 3 all with the length of heat pipe evaporation zone 1-2 equals, every the width of silica gel heating band 3 equals, all the width sum of silica gel heating band 3 equals the perimeter of gravity heat pipe 1. The heat pipe evaporation section 1-2 adopts an electric heating mode to simulate the solar heating mode of an actual heat collector, and the power of electric heating is adjustable.
As shown in fig. 7, the silica gel heating band 3 is composed of a silica gel sheet 3-1 and an electric heating wire 3-2 pressed in the silica gel sheet 3-1; the electric heating wire 3-2 is uniformly coiled in the silica gel sheet 3-1.
1. Selection of silica gel heating belt 3 material and related parameters
At present, silica gel heating band 3 on the market has two kinds of materials, namely plain noodles silica gel heating band and take horizontal vertical stripe silica gel heating band. Smooth surface material silica gel heating band, this kind of heating band surface is smooth, and is better with the laminating effect of heat pipe wall, and heating temperature is below 200 ℃. The silica gel heating band with the transverse and longitudinal grains is more heat-resistant and has higher use temperature. However, because the surface of the heating belt has a plurality of transverse and longitudinal lines, the joint effect with the pipe wall of the heating section of the heat pipe is not compact without smooth surface and materials. Through a series of contrast experiments, it is found that the heating power of the smooth silica gel heating band can basically meet the experimental requirements, and the heat transfer effect is better because the heat pipe heating section wall surface is attached more tightly. Therefore, the nonuniform heating device of the experimental test system in this embodiment selects the smooth silica gel heating band. The surface of the silica gel sheet 3-1, which is in contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe 1, is a smooth surface. The length of the silica gel heating belt 3 is the same as that of the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2, and the total width of the four silica gel heating belts 3 is equal to the circumferential length of the test heat pipe evaporation section 1-2.
Simultaneously, other parameters are also selected: the diameter of the electric heating wire 3-2 is 0.1mm, the distance between the electric heating wire 3-2 and the silica gel sheet 3-1 along the length direction is 4mm, and the electric heating wire 3-2 is made of nichrome; the distance between the electric heating wire 3-2 close to the edge of the silica gel sheet 3-1 and the edge of the silica gel sheet 3-1 along the length direction is 2.5 mm; the distance between the contact surface of the silica gel sheet 3-1 and the gravity assisted heat pipe 1 and the electric heating wire 3-2 is 0.75 mm. The hardness of the silica gel sheet 3-1 is Shore 45A-55A, the tensile strength is 7.5-9.5Mpa, the elongation is 550-700%, the tear strength is 18-22kN/m, and the thickness of the silica gel sheet 3-1 is 1.6 mm; the surface of the silica gel sheet 3-1, which is in contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe 1, is a smooth surface.
In addition, in order to ensure natural convection heat dissipation between the silica gel heating band and the environment and enable the silica gel heating band to be well attached to the heat pipe, a layer of synthetic fiber with the thickness of 1-3mm is coated outside the silica gel heating band 3, so that the silica gel heating band 3 is attached to the outer surface of the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2.
2. Non-uniform heating power selection
The heating power supply of the silica gel heating belt has two options of alternating current and direct current, and the power supply mode of the heating belt is determined through experimental tests. Table 2 lists the equipment parameters for the heating device power connection.
TABLE 2 heating installation parameters
2.1 DC Power supply
Since the laboratory power supply is entirely an ac power supply, it is necessary to convert the ac power to dc power by the silicon rectifying device 16. The power connection mode of the direct-current silica gel heating belt 3 is shown in fig. 8, wherein the direct-current voltage regulator 17 regulates voltage, and the direct-current power digital display meter 18 displays the heating power of the heating belt. The silicon rectifying device can convert 380V alternating current into 0-15V direct current.
2.2, AC Power supply
Fig. 9 shows a power supply connection manner of the alternating-current silicone heating tape 3. The ac voltage regulator 19 is used to regulate voltage, and the ac power digital display meter 20 displays the heating power of the heating belt.
2.3 Power comparison of heating strips under two Power connection modes
Fig. 10 a-10 b show the fluctuation comparison of the power value of the heating band on the power digital display meter under the condition of constant heating power of the silica gel heating band by adjusting the voltage of the direct current voltage regulator and the alternating current voltage regulator. As can be seen from fig. 10a to 10b, due to the characteristics of the ac power supply, even under the condition that the voltage of the voltage regulator is stabilized, the heating power of the heating tape of the ac power supply still fluctuates greatly, and cannot be kept stable in a long-time test. And because the silicon rectifier is used in the power connection of the direct-current power supply heating belt, the direct-current voltage stability condition is very good, and the heating power of the heating belt is also very stable.
According to the comparison of test results, the non-uniform heating device of the experiment is determined to adopt a direct-current power supply.
Third, non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver surface temperature measuring point arrangement
In the test system, in order to accurately research the influence of a non-uniform heating mode on the heat transfer performance of a heat pipe receiver in detail, temperature measuring points are arranged on the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2, the heat pipe condensation section 1-1 and the cooling water jacket 2, wherein the temperature measuring points on the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) are insulated from the silica gel heating zone (3); and testing the temperature distribution of the wall surface of the heat pipe and the temperature of the cooling water.
As shown in fig. 12, on the cooling water jacket 2: a cooling water inlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the cooling water inlet 2-1, and the measured cooling water inlet temperature is Tin(ii) a A cooling water outlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the position of the cooling water outlet 2-2, and the measured cooling water outlet temperature is Tout；
On the heat pipe condensation section 1-1: the upper surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section and the lower surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section are respectively arranged on two outer side wall surfaces which are opposite up and down of the heat pipe condensation section 1-1; the temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the upper surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Ti(ii) a The temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the lower surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Tj；
As shown in fig. 13, the number of the silica gel heating belts 3 is 4;
on the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe:
along the circumferential direction of the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe: four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively arranged between the four silica gel heating belts 3 and the heat pipe evaporation sections 1-2, and are vertically and uniformly distributed on the same circumference of the heat pipe evaporation sections 1-2 and divided into four areas a, b, c and d; the temperatures measured by the four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively Ta、Tb、TcAnd Td(ii) a According to the orientation of fig. 13:
Tarepresenting the temperature of the left side pipe wall of the upper surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe;
Tbrepresenting the temperature of the tube wall at the right side of the upper surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe;
Tcindicating heatThe temperature of the right side pipe wall of the lower surface of the pipe evaporation section;
Tdand the temperature of the left side pipe wall of the lower surface of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is shown.
Along the length direction of the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe: 6 groups of temperature measuring points are arranged between the silica gel heating belt 3 and the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2 at equal intervals;
as shown in fig. 14, from the upper end of the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2 to the lower end of the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2:
the temperature distribution measured by the first group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta1、Tb1、Tc1And Td1；
The temperature distribution measured by a second group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta2、Tb2、Tc2And Td2；
The temperature distribution measured by a third group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta3、Tb3、Tc3And Td3；
The temperature distribution measured by the fourth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta4、Tb4、Tc4And Td4；
The temperature distribution measured by a fifth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta5、Tb5、Tc5And Td5；
The temperature distribution measured by the sixth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta6、Tb6、Tc6And Td6。
Test process of heat transfer performance experiment test system of non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver
When the experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe is started and stopped, the evaporation section 1-2 of the heat pipe cannot be dried without cooling water circulation, and whether the temperature and the pressure in the gravity heat pipe 1 are too high or not can be known, so that the gravity heat pipe 1 is damaged or even accidents occur. The experimental test procedure thus established is as follows:
1. and starting a cooling water circulation system. After the water tank is filled with water, the water pump 8 is started, and the water circulation of the test system is kept stable by adjusting the flow of the float flowmeter 11.
2. The heating element 15 is switched on. And (3) enabling the silicon rectifier 16 and the direct current voltage regulator 17 to return to zero, and introducing 380V alternating current to regulate the voltage of the silicon rectifier 16 and the direct current voltage regulator 17 so as to ensure that the heating power of the four silica gel heating belts 3 is the same.
3. Adjusting the temperature of the cooling water in the heating water tank 13, and controlling the water temperature T at the cooling water inlet 2-1 of the cooling jacket 2inConstant values, error ± 0.25 ℃.
4. And (5) acquiring experimental data. Observe the temperature T of the cooling water outlet 2-2 of the cooling jacket 2 displayed on the multi-channel data acquisition instrumentoutAnd when the temperature stabilizing time reaches 20min, the gravity heat pipe 1 is considered to be in normal operation and filling. And acquiring temperature data of the wall surfaces of the heat pipes of the heat pipe condensation section 1-1 and the heat pipe evaporation section 1-2, and the temperature data of the cooling jacket cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet by using a multi-path data acquisition instrument, wherein the acquisition frequency is once per 10 s.
5. The experimental conditions were changed and the procedure repeated above 3 and 4.
6. The experimental test system was shut down. After the experiment is finished, the voltage of the silicon rectifier 16 is reset to zero, the power supply of the heating element 15 is cut off, the water circulation system continuously operates, and the wall surface temperature of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is observed through the multi-channel data acquisition instrument. When the wall temperature drops to near ambient temperature, the water pump 8 is turned off and all power is cut off, and finally the cooling water in the cooling water jacket is emptied.
Fourth, analysis of test results
The experimental test system in this embodiment is used to test the thermal efficiency of the heat pipe receiver under different inclination angles in three heating modes of upper surface heating, lower surface heating and uniform heating when the inlet temperature and the flow rate of the cooling water are constant and the total heating power is 240W, 280W and 320W, respectively, and the test results are shown in fig. 14a to 14 c. According to the test results, the thermal efficiency of the heat pipe receiver is the highest when the heat pipe is uniformly heated, the thermal efficiency is the lowest when the upper surface is heated, and the thermal efficiency is in the middle when the lower surface is heated in the three different heating modes.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver is characterized by comprising the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver, an experimental bench and a water tank, wherein the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver comprises a gravity heat pipe (1) and a cooling water jacket (2), and the gravity heat pipe (1) comprises a heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) and a heat pipe condensation section (1-1); the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) is fixedly arranged on the experiment bench, and the heat pipe condensation section (1-1) extends into the cooling water jacket (2); a cooling water inlet (2-1) and a cooling water outlet (2-2) are arranged on the cooling water jacket (2), the cooling water inlet (2-1) is communicated with a water outlet fluid of the water tank, and the cooling water outlet (2-2) is communicated with a water inlet fluid of the water tank; the outer surface of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) is coated with two or more mutually independent silica gel heating belts (3), and the silica gel heating belts (3) are in heat conduction contact with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe (1); every the length of silica gel heating band (3) all with the length of heat pipe evaporation zone (1-2) equals, every the width of silica gel heating band (3) equals, all the width sum of silica gel heating band (3) equals the girth of gravity heat pipe (1).
2. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to claim 1, wherein the silica gel heating belt (3) is composed of a silica gel sheet (3-1) and an electric heating wire (3-2) pressed in the silica gel sheet (3-1); the electric heating wires (3-2) are uniformly coiled in the silica gel sheet (3-1); the diameter of the electric heating wire (3-2) is 0.1mm, the distance between the adjacent electric heating wires (3-2) along the length direction of the silica gel sheet (3-1) is 4mm, and the electric heating wires (3-2) are made of nichrome; the distance between the electric heating wire (3-2) close to the edge of the silica gel sheet (3-1) and the edge of the silica gel sheet (3-1) along the length direction is 2.5 mm; the distance between the contact surface of the silica gel sheet (3-1) and the gravity heat pipe (1) and the electric heating wire (3-2) is 0.75 mm.
3. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the silicone sheet (3-1) has a hardness of shore 45A-55A, a tensile strength of 7.5-9.5Mpa, an elongation of 550-; the surface of the silica gel sheet (3-1) contacting with the outer surface of the gravity heat pipe (1) is a smooth surface.
4. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a layer of synthetic fiber with a thickness of 1-3mm is coated outside the silica gel heating belt (3) so that the silica gel heating belt (3) is attached to the outer surface of the evaporation section (1-2) of the heat pipe.
5. The experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a 380V power supply is electrically connected with a silicon rectifying device (16), and the direct current output by the silicon rectifying device (16) is electrically connected with the electric heating wire (3-2) after passing through a direct current voltage regulator (17) and a direct current power digital display meter (18) in sequence.
6. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to claim 1, wherein the experimental bench comprises a base (4), a rotating stand (5) and a supporting frame (6), the base (4) is a rectangular structure composed of a first channel steel (4-1), a second channel steel (4-2), a first angle steel (4-3) and a second angle steel (4-4), a notch of the first channel steel (4-1) and a notch of the second channel steel (4-2) are downward, two ends of the first angle steel (4-3) and two ends of a side wall of the second angle steel (4-4) are fixedly connected with an outer wall surface of a groove bottom of the first channel steel (4-1) and an outer wall surface of a groove bottom of the second channel steel (4-2) through angle steel surfaces, respectively, and the rotating angle steel frame (5) comprises two or more transverse angle steels (5-1) and two transverse angle steels (5-1) The angle steel structure comprises one or more than two longitudinal angle steels (5-2), wherein the transverse angle steels (5-1) are parallel to each other, the longitudinal angle steels (5-2) are parallel to each other, the transverse angle steels (5-1) are fixedly connected with the longitudinal angle steels (5-2) through angle steel side wall surfaces, and the transverse angle steels (5-1) are all positioned below the longitudinal angle steels (5-2); the supporting angle steel frame (6) comprises a first vertical angle steel (6-1) and a second vertical angle steel (6-2), the lower end of the first vertical angle steel (6-1) is fixedly installed at one end of the first channel steel (4-1), and the lower end of the second vertical angle steel (6-2) is fixedly installed at the other end of the first channel steel (4-1); one end of the rotating frame (5) is hinged with a second channel steel (4-2) of the base (4) through the transverse angle steel (5-1); adjusting fixing holes (7) are respectively formed in the side wall of the angle steel of the first vertical angle steel (6-1) and the side wall of the angle steel of the second vertical angle steel (6-2) from bottom to top, and adjusting fixing holes (7) are also formed in the side walls of the angle steel of the two longitudinal angle steels (5-2) on the outer side of the rotating frame (5) along the length direction; the gravity heat pipe (1) is fixedly arranged on the rotating frame (5).
7. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water pump (8) is installed on a pipeline of the cooling water inlet (2-1) communicated with the water outlet of the water tank; an exhaust valve (9), a flow control valve (10) and a float flowmeter (11) are respectively installed on a pipeline communicated with the cooling water outlet (2-2) and the water inlet of the water tank, and hot water flows through the exhaust valve (9), the flow control valve (10) and the float flowmeter (11) from the cooling water outlet (2-2) to the water inlet of the water tank in sequence.
8. The experimental test system for the heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver according to claim 1, wherein the water tank comprises a buffer water tank (12) and a heating water tank (13), a buffer partition plate (14) is arranged between the buffer water tank (12) and the heating water tank (13), and the buffer water tank (12) is in fluid communication with the heating water tank (13) through a space above the buffer partition plate (14); and a heating element (15) is arranged in the heating water tank (13).
9. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of the non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein temperature measuring points are arranged on the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2), the heat pipe condensation section (1-1) and the cooling water jacket (2), wherein the temperature measuring points on the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) are insulated from the silica gel heating belt (3); collecting temperature data of the temperature measuring points by using a multi-path data collector;
on the cooling water jacket (2): a cooling water inlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the cooling water inlet (2-1), and the measured cooling water inlet temperature is Tin(ii) a A cooling water outlet temperature measuring point is arranged at the cooling water outlet (2-2), and the measured cooling water outlet temperature is Tout；
On the heat pipe condensation section (1-1): the upper surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section and the lower surface temperature measuring point of the heat pipe condensation section are respectively arranged on two outer side wall surfaces which are opposite up and down of the heat pipe condensation section (1-1); the temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the upper surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Ti(ii) a The temperature measured by the temperature measuring point on the lower surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe is Tj；
On the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2):
along the circumferential direction of the evaporation section (1-2) of the heat pipe: a heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring point is arranged between each silica gel heating belt (3) and the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2), and the measured temperature is T;
along the length direction of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2): n temperature measuring points are arranged between the silica gel heating belt (3) and the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) at equal intervals, and n is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1.
10. The experimental test system for heat transfer performance of a non-uniform heating heat pipe receiver as claimed in claim 9, wherein the number of the silica gel heating bands (3) is 4;
on the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2):
along the circumferential direction of the evaporation section (1-2) of the heat pipe: at four silica gel heating bands(3) Four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively arranged between the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) and the heat pipe evaporation section, and are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2); the temperatures measured by the four heat pipe evaporation section side pipe wall temperature measuring points are respectively Ta、Tb、TcAnd Td；
Along the length direction of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2): 6 groups of temperature measuring points are arranged between the silica gel heating belt (3) and the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2);
from the upper end of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2) to the lower end of the heat pipe evaporation section (1-2):
the temperature distribution measured by the first group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta1、Tb1、Tc1And Td1；
The temperature distribution measured by a second group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta2、Tb2、Tc2And Td2；
The temperature distribution measured by a third group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta3、Tb3、Tc3And Td3；
The temperature distribution measured by the fourth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta4、Tb4、Tc4And Td4；
The temperature distribution measured by a fifth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta5、Tb5、Tc5And Td5；
The temperature distribution measured by the sixth group of temperature measuring points on the same circumference is Ta6、Tb6、Tc6And Td6。
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