CN111623892A - Adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement - Google Patents
Adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于时变随机信号测量的自适应光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪,其激光器发射激光由光纤准直器耦合进光纤内,并通过光纤传输至所述电光幅度调制器,第一信号发生器发出的信号输入至电光幅度调制器,第一光纤分束器一端接收电光幅度调制器发出的信号,另一端输出两路信号,一路依次经过第一电光相位调制器、第一移相器汇聚至第二光纤分束器,另一路依次经过第二电光相位调制器、第二移相器汇聚至第二光纤分束器,第一电光相位调制器还接收第二信号发生器发出的信号,第二光纤分束器的输出信号通过平衡探测器输出两路信号,一路通过第一锁相环反馈至所述第一移相器,另一路通过第二锁相环反馈至所述第二电光相位调制器。本发明对于时变随机相位的估计精度相比其他方式更高。
The invention discloses an adaptive fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer used for time-varying random signal measurement. The laser emitted laser is coupled into the fiber by the fiber collimator, and transmitted to the electro-optical amplitude modulator through the fiber, The signal sent by the first signal generator is input to the electro-optical amplitude modulator, one end of the first fiber beam splitter receives the signal sent by the electro-optical amplitude modulator, and the other end outputs two signals, one of which passes through the first electro-optical phase modulator, the first The phase shifter is converged to the second fiber beam splitter, and the other path is converged to the second fiber beam splitter through the second electro-optic phase modulator and the second phase shifter in turn, and the first electro-optic phase modulator also receives the second signal generator. The output signal of the second fiber beam splitter outputs two signals through the balanced detector, one is fed back to the first phase shifter through the first phase-locked loop, and the other is fed back to the first phase-shifter through the second phase-locked loop. the second electro-optic phase modulator. Compared with other methods, the present invention has higher estimation accuracy for the time-varying random phase.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及量子精密测量领域,尤其涉及一种用于时变随机相位信号测量的自适应光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪。The invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to an adaptive optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring time-varying random phase signals.
背景技术Background technique
量子精密测量是当今物理学和光学领域的重要研究方向。迄今为止,光学频率和相位测量是所有物理量中测量精度最高的测量技术之一。在精密测量领域,对于很多物理量的测量都归结为对相位的测量,因而干涉仪成为精密测量中最为常见的实验装置,在基础科学研究以及实际工程应用中都发挥着至关重要的作用。比如,引力波的测量正是利用光学迈克尔逊干涉仪原理,从而对广义相对论中时空变化引起光学相位进行精密测量。此外利用激光干涉原理,可以精密测量折射率,长度等物理量,并且利用激光的相干特性,使得测量精度达到很高。Quantum precision measurement is an important research direction in the field of physics and optics today. To date, optical frequency and phase measurement is one of the measurement techniques with the highest measurement accuracy of all physical quantities. In the field of precision measurement, the measurement of many physical quantities is attributed to the measurement of the phase, so the interferometer has become the most common experimental device in precision measurement, and plays a vital role in basic scientific research and practical engineering applications. For example, the measurement of gravitational waves uses the principle of the optical Michelson interferometer to precisely measure the optical phase caused by space-time changes in general relativity. In addition, using the principle of laser interference, physical quantities such as refractive index and length can be precisely measured, and the coherent characteristics of the laser can be used to make the measurement accuracy very high.
目前量子精密测量的精度越来越高,可测量的物理量颇为广泛,然而这类精密测量仍然存在两个问题:1.量子测量主要基于自由空间体系,而未来信息化快速发展要求小型化实用化的光学系统;2.量子精密测量主要集中在固定信号的测量,而对随机信号、实时信号的跟踪研究较少,而后者的研究在实际应用体系中十分重要。At present, the precision of quantum precision measurement is getting higher and higher, and the measurable physical quantities are quite wide. However, there are still two problems in this type of precision measurement: 1. Quantum measurement is mainly based on the free space system, and the rapid development of information technology in the future requires miniaturization and practicality. 2. Quantum precision measurement mainly focuses on the measurement of fixed signals, while the tracking of random signals and real-time signals is less researched, and the latter research is very important in practical application systems.
专利《一种测量时变相位信号的光纤型自适应平衡零拍测量系统》是基于光纤体系的时变相位信号跟踪装置,然而其采用的平衡零拍探测测量装置对信号光功率的限制导致相位估计精度无法进一步提高,其注入光子数约为~106,最小相位估计方差仅达到0.03。The patent "An Optical Fiber Adaptive Balance Zero-beat Measurement System for Measuring Time-varying Phase Signals" is a time-varying phase signal tracking device based on an optical fiber system. The estimation accuracy cannot be further improved, the number of injected photons is about ~10 6 , and the minimum phase estimation variance is only 0.03.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的:本发明针对现有技术估计精度不足的问题,提供一种用于时变随机信号测量的自适应光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪,该干涉仪可测量时变随机信号,且估计精度较高。Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the problem of insufficient estimation accuracy in the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring time-varying random signals. The interferometer can measure time-varying random signals with better estimation accuracy. high.
技术方案:本发明所述的用于时变随机信号测量的自适应光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪,包括激光器、光纤准直器、第一信号发生器、电光幅度调制器、第一光纤分束器、第一电光相位调制器、第一移相器、第二电光相位调制器、第二移相器、第二光纤分束器、平衡探测器、第二信号发生器、第一锁相环和第二锁相环,其中,所述激光器发射的激光由光纤准直器耦合进光纤内,并通过光纤传输至所述电光幅度调制器,所述第一信号发生器发出的信号输入至电光幅度调制器,所述第一光纤分束器一端接收所述电光幅度调制器发出的信号,另一端输出两路信号,一路依次经过第一电光相位调制器、第一移相器汇聚至第二光纤分束器,另一路依次经过第二电光相位调制器、第二移相器汇聚至第二光纤分束器,所述第一电光相位调制器还接收第二信号发生器发出的信号,所述第二光纤分束器的输出信号通过平衡探测器输出两路信号,一路通过所述第一锁相环反馈至所述第一移相器,另一路通过第二锁相环反馈至所述第二电光相位调制器。Technical solution: The adaptive fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to the present invention includes a laser, a fiber collimator, a first signal generator, an electro-optical amplitude modulator, and a first fiber beam splitter. device, first electro-optic phase modulator, first phase shifter, second electro-optic phase modulator, second phase shifter, second fiber beam splitter, balanced detector, second signal generator, first phase locked loop and the second phase-locked loop, wherein the laser light emitted by the laser is coupled into the fiber by the fiber collimator, and transmitted to the electro-optical amplitude modulator through the fiber, and the signal sent by the first signal generator is input to the electro-optical Amplitude modulator, one end of the first fiber beam splitter receives the signal sent by the electro-optical amplitude modulator, and the other end outputs two signals, one of which passes through the first electro-optic phase modulator and the first phase shifter in turn and converges to the second fiber beam splitter, the other path is converged to the second fiber beam splitter through the second electro-optic phase modulator and the second phase shifter in sequence, and the first electro-optic phase modulator also receives the signal sent by the second signal generator, so The output signal of the second fiber beam splitter outputs two signals through the balanced detector, one of which is fed back to the first phase shifter through the first phase-locked loop, and the other is fed back to the first phase-shifter through the second phase-locked loop. The second electro-optic phase modulator.
进一步的,所述第一锁相环包括比例积分微分PID控制器和高压放大器,所述平衡探测器、比例积分微分PID控制器、高压放大器和所述第一移相器依次连接。Further, the first phase-locked loop includes a proportional-integral-derivative PID controller and a high-voltage amplifier, and the balance detector, the proportional-integral-derivative PID controller, the high-voltage amplifier and the first phase shifter are connected in sequence.
进一步的,所述第二锁相环包括第三信号发生器、锁相放大器、卡曼滤波器和比例控制器,所述平衡探测器、第三信号发生器、锁相放大器、卡曼滤波器、比例控制器和第二电光相位调制器依次连接。Further, the second phase-locked loop includes a third signal generator, a phase-locked amplifier, a Kalman filter and a proportional controller, the balanced detector, the third signal generator, the phase-locked amplifier, and the Kalman filter. , the proportional controller and the second electro-optical phase modulator are connected in sequence.
进一步的,所述激光器用于输出自由空间型连续波窄线宽1064nm激光。所述第一信号发生器用于产生2.5MHz驱动信号。所述第二信号发生器用于产生时变随机信号。所述第三信号发生器用于产生参考信号。所述电光幅度调制器、第一电光相位调制器、第二电光相位调制器均为波导型,所述第一移相器和所述第二移相器均为光纤型。Further, the laser is used to output a free-space continuous wave laser with a narrow line width of 1064 nm. The first signal generator is used to generate a 2.5MHz driving signal. The second signal generator is used for generating a time-varying random signal. The third signal generator is used to generate a reference signal. The electro-optical amplitude modulator, the first electro-optical phase modulator, and the second electro-optical phase modulator are all of waveguide type, and both the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are of optical fiber type.
进一步的,所述平衡光电探测器由两个增益响应相同的光电二级管构成,用于根据每个光电二级管接收的光功率进行光电流相减后输出。Further, the balanced photodetector is composed of two photodiodes with the same gain response, and is used for output after subtracting the photocurrent according to the optical power received by each photodiode.
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点是:1,建立了适用于随机相位估计的全光纤马赫曾德干涉仪,干涉仪两臂分别加装了信号传感单元和信号反馈单元。干涉仪两臂进行了损耗匹配,且采用了保偏光纤器件。2,在激光干涉相位测量的线性高斯系统中,采用一阶低通滤波器和比例放大器构成卡曼滤波器,建立随机相位估计环路,该环路给出最小方差下的最优相位估计值。3,采用比例积分微分器构建一个低频低增益的慢环,用于抵消振动、温度等环境扰动引入的干涉仪相位漂移。同时该方法将干涉仪两臂相位差锁定至π/2,获得最大相位测量灵敏度。4,采用调制转移技术,对光纤干涉仪的输入态进行幅度调制,探测信号再解调至低频段,实现了低频相位测量。5,在信号探测方面采用了光学平衡探测技术,该探测手段可抵消光电系统中的共模噪声,进一步提高相位跟踪精度。6、相比于现有技术,该方法可大幅度提高干涉仪输入端的注入光子数至3.7×1010,提高了随机相位估计的绝对精度。Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. An all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer suitable for random phase estimation is established, and the two arms of the interferometer are respectively equipped with a signal sensing unit and a signal feedback unit. The two arms of the interferometer are loss-matched and a polarization-maintaining fiber device is used. 2. In the linear Gaussian system of laser interferometric phase measurement, a Kalman filter is formed by a first-order low-pass filter and a proportional amplifier, and a random phase estimation loop is established, which gives the optimal phase estimation value under the minimum variance . 3. A proportional-integral-differentiator is used to construct a slow loop with low frequency and low gain, which is used to offset the phase drift of the interferometer caused by environmental disturbances such as vibration and temperature. At the same time, the method locks the phase difference between the two arms of the interferometer to π/2, and obtains the maximum phase measurement sensitivity. 4. Using modulation transfer technology, the input state of the fiber optic interferometer is amplitude modulated, and the detection signal is demodulated to the low frequency band to realize the low frequency phase measurement. 5. The optical balance detection technology is adopted in the signal detection, which can cancel the common mode noise in the optoelectronic system and further improve the phase tracking accuracy. 6. Compared with the prior art, the method can greatly increase the number of injected photons at the input end of the interferometer to 3.7×10 10 , thereby improving the absolute accuracy of random phase estimation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是时变随机相位估计的时域图;Fig. 2 is the time domain diagram of time-varying random phase estimation;
图3是随机相位追踪方差随光子数变化的示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of random phase tracking variance as a function of photon number.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种用于时变随机信号测量的自适应光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪,包括激光器1、光纤准直器2、电光幅度调制器3、第一信号发生器4、第一光纤分束器5、第二信号发生器6、第一电光相位调制器7、第一移相器8、第二电光相位调制器9、第二移相器10、第二光纤分束器11、平衡探测器12、第一锁相环和第二锁相环。电光幅度调制器3、第一电光相位调制器7、第二电光相位调制器9均为波导型,第一移相器8和所述第二移相器10均为光纤型。As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides an adaptive fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring time-varying random signals, including a
其中,激光器1输出自由空间型连续波窄线宽1064nm激光,发射的激光由光纤准直器2耦合进光纤内,并通过光纤传输至波导性型电光幅度调制器3,第一信号发生器4提供2.5MHz驱动信号并加载到波导型电光幅度调制器3,实现对光场的幅度调制,调制后的激光入射到第一光纤分束器5中。Among them, the
第一光纤分束器5、第一电光相位调制器7、第一移相器8、第二电光相位调制器9、第二光纤型移相器10、第二光纤分束器11共同组成光纤型马赫曾德干涉仪,用于时变随机相位的跟踪测量。其中,第一光纤分束器5和第二光纤分束器11均为50/50光纤分束器,第一光纤分束器5输出的两路激光,一路进入第一电光相位调制器7,另一路进入第一电光相位调制器9。第二信号发生器6输出时变随机信号,该信号作为调制信号施加到第一电光相位调制器7,第一电光相位调制器7根据时变随机信号调制激光信号的相位,从而将时变随机信号的相位信息加载到激光信号中,输出携带时变随机信号相位的激光信号。第一移相器8是第一锁相环的执行器件,其根据高压放大器反馈的信号,调整携带随机相位信息的激光的相位,该器件的动态调整范围大,可补偿由于环境扰动导致的相位漂移,以及将干涉仪两臂相位差锁定至π/2。第二电光相位调制器9接收第一光纤分束器5输出的另一路信号,并根据比例控制器18输出的相位估计信号自适应的调节输入的激光信号的相位。第二光纤型移相器10和第一移相器8的结构相同,用于干涉仪两臂的损耗匹配。干涉仪两臂的光束在第二光纤分束器11处进行干涉,然后干涉信号以50/50的分束比分为两路,由平衡光电探测器12探测接收。The first
平衡光电探测器12用于探测激光干涉信号,其由两个增益响应相同的光电二级管构成,根据每个光电二级管接收的光功率进行光电流相减后输出,从而扣除光电系统的共模噪声,提高探测精度。The
第一锁相环和第二锁相环分别用于控制马赫增德尔干涉仪两臂间的相对相位差和捕获估计相位信息。第一锁相环包括比例积分微分PID控制器13和高压放大器14,第一锁相环根据平衡探测器12输出的直流信号,经由比例积分微分PID控制器13,高压放大器14,反馈至第一光纤型移相器8,从而构成一个低频、低增益的反馈控制环路,该环路用于抵消振动、温度等环境扰动引入的干涉仪相位漂移,同时该方法将干涉仪两臂相位差锁定至π/2,获得最大相位测量灵敏度。第二锁相环包括第三信号发生器15、锁相放大器16、卡曼滤波器17和比例控制器18,第二锁相环根据平衡探测器12输出的交流信号,经由锁相放大器16进行解调,得到包含相位估计信息的光电流误差信号,此处第三信号发生器15提供一参考信号至锁相放大器16,卡曼滤波器17和比例控制器18共同作用于光电流误差信号进行滤波估计,并将信号反馈至第二电光相位调制器9,同时输出至示波器19,通过调节比例控制器18的增益获取最小估计方差的最优相位估计值。The first phase-locked loop and the second phase-locked loop are respectively used to control the relative phase difference between the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and capture the estimated phase information. The first phase-locked loop includes a proportional-integral-
对本实施例进行实验验证,结果如图2、3所示。图2为时变随机相位估计的时域图,图2(a)中的时变随机信号由第二信号发生器6产生的白噪声经过一个低通滤波器生成的3kHz带宽的随机信号。图2(b)为经卡曼滤波后比例控制器18输出的估计结果,对比可知本发明所述的相位估计方法效果理想。图3是相位估计方差随注入光子数变化的实验结果图。实验在不同的光子数下,测量计算追踪的均方差,调节卡曼滤波增益,记录最优追踪方差。实验中光子数达到3.7×1010,其跟踪方差达到了2.5×10-5。可以看出本发明所述的相位估计精度非常高。This embodiment is experimentally verified, and the results are shown in Figures 2 and 3 . Fig. 2 is a time domain diagram of time-varying random phase estimation. The time-varying random signal in Fig. 2(a) is a random signal with a bandwidth of 3 kHz generated by the white noise generated by the
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