CN111623892A - Adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement - Google Patents
Adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN111623892A CN111623892A CN202010460999.3A CN202010460999A CN111623892A CN 111623892 A CN111623892 A CN 111623892A CN 202010460999 A CN202010460999 A CN 202010460999A CN 111623892 A CN111623892 A CN 111623892A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0226—Fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0249—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods with modulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/028—Types
- G01J2009/0288—Machzehnder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring time-varying random signals, wherein laser emitted by a laser is coupled into an optical fiber by an optical fiber collimator and is transmitted to an electro-optic amplitude modulator by the optical fiber, a signal emitted by a first signal generator is input to the electro-optic amplitude modulator, one end of a first optical fiber beam splitter receives the signal emitted by the electro-optic amplitude modulator, the other end of the first optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals, one path of signal is converged to a second optical fiber beam splitter by a first electro-optic phase modulator and a first phase shifter in sequence, the other path of signal is converged to a second optical fiber beam splitter by a second electro-optic phase modulator and a second phase shifter in sequence, the first electro-optic phase modulator also receives the signal emitted by the second signal generator, the output signal of the second optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals by a balance detector, and one path of signal is fed back to the first phase shifter, the other path is fed back to the second electro-optical phase modulator through a second phase-locked loop. Compared with other modes, the estimation precision of the time-varying random phase is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to a self-adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring time-varying random phase signals.
Background
Quantum precision measurement is an important research direction in the fields of physics and optics today. Optical frequency and phase measurement has hitherto been one of the measurement techniques with the highest measurement accuracy among all physical quantities. In the field of precision measurement, measurement of a lot of physical quantities is summarized as measurement of phases, so that an interferometer becomes the most common experimental device in precision measurement and plays a vital role in basic scientific research and practical engineering application. For example, the measurement of the gravitational wave is based on the principle of optical michelson interferometer, so that the optical phase caused by the time-space variation in the generalized relativity theory can be precisely measured. In addition, physical quantities such as refractive index and length can be precisely measured by using the laser interference principle, and the measurement precision is high by using the coherence property of laser.
At present, the precision of quantum precision measurement is higher and higher, and measurable physical quantities are quite wide, however, two problems still exist in the precision measurement: 1. quantum measurement is mainly based on a free space system, and future informatization is rapidly developed to require a miniaturized and practical optical system; 2. the quantum precision measurement mainly focuses on the measurement of a fixed signal, but the tracking research on a random signal and a real-time signal is less, and the research on the latter is very important in a practical application system.
The patent "an optical fiber type adaptive balanced homodyne measurement system for measuring time-varying phase signal" is a time-varying phase signal tracking device based on an optical fiber system, however, the limit of the balanced homodyne detection measurement device adopted by the system to the optical power of the signal can not further improve the phase estimation precision, and the number of injected photons is about-106The minimum phase estimate variance only reaches 0.03.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of insufficient estimation precision in the prior art, the invention provides the self-adaptive optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measuring the time-varying random signal, which can measure the time-varying random signal and has higher estimation precision.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a self-adaptive optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement, which comprises a laser, an optical fiber collimator, a first signal generator, an electro-optic amplitude modulator, a first optical fiber beam splitter, a first electro-optic phase modulator, a first phase shifter, a second electro-optic phase modulator, a second phase shifter, a second optical fiber beam splitter, a balance detector, a second signal generator, a first phase-locked loop and a second phase-locked loop, wherein laser emitted by the laser is coupled into an optical fiber through the optical fiber collimator and is transmitted to the electro-optic amplitude modulator through the optical fiber, a signal emitted by the first signal generator is input to the electro-optic amplitude modulator, one end of the first optical fiber beam splitter receives the signal emitted by the electro-optic amplitude modulator, the other end of the first optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals, and one path of signals sequentially passes through the first electro-optic phase modulator and the first phase shifter and is converged to the second optical fiber beam splitter, the other path of the signal is converged to a second optical fiber beam splitter through a second electro-optic phase modulator and a second phase shifter in sequence, the first electro-optic phase modulator also receives a signal sent by a second signal generator, an output signal of the second optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals through a balance detector, one path of the signal is fed back to the first phase shifter through the first phase-locked loop, and the other path of the signal is fed back to the second electro-optic phase modulator through a second phase-locked loop.
Further, the first phase-locked loop comprises a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and a high-voltage amplifier, and the balance detector, the PID controller, the high-voltage amplifier and the first phase shifter are connected in sequence.
Further, the second phase-locked loop comprises a third signal generator, a phase-locked amplifier, a kalman filter and a proportional controller, and the balance detector, the third signal generator, the phase-locked amplifier, the kalman filter, the proportional controller and the second electro-optic phase modulator are sequentially connected.
Further, the laser is used for outputting free space type continuous wave narrow linewidth 1064nm laser. The first signal generator is for generating a 2.5MHz drive signal. The second signal generator is for generating a time-varying random signal. The third signal generator is used for generating a reference signal. The electro-optic amplitude modulator, the first electro-optic phase modulator and the second electro-optic phase modulator are all of waveguide type, and the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are all of optical fiber type.
Further, the balanced photoelectric detector is composed of two photodiodes with the same gain response, and is used for performing photocurrent subtraction according to the light power received by each photodiode and outputting the light power.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that 1, the full-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer suitable for random phase estimation is established, the signal sensing unit and the signal feedback unit are respectively additionally arranged on two arms of the interferometer, loss matching is carried out on the two arms of the interferometer, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber device is adopted, 2, in a linear Gaussian system for laser interference phase measurement, a first-order low-pass filter and a proportional amplifier are adopted to form a Kalman filter, a random phase estimation loop is established, the loop gives out an optimal phase estimation value under the minimum variance, 3, a low-frequency low-gain slow loop is established by adopting a proportional integral differentiator and used for offsetting interferometer phase drift caused by environmental disturbance such as vibration, temperature and the like, meanwhile, the method locks the phase difference of the two arms of the interferometer to pi/2 to obtain the maximum phase measurement sensitivity, 4, the amplitude modulation and transfer technology is adopted to carry out on the input state of the fiber interferometer, a detection signal is further transmitted to a low-frequency section to realize low-frequency phase demodulation, 5, an optical detection balance detection technology is adopted in the aspect of signals, the detection means can offset the phase noise in the system, the common-mode tracking noise can be further improved, the common-mode tracking precision can be further improved compared with 357.3, and the existing optical fiber interferometer input end10The absolute accuracy of the random phase estimation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a time domain diagram of time varying random phase estimation;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of random phase tracking variance as a function of photon number.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an adaptive optical fiber mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement, which includes a laser 1, an optical fiber collimator 2, an electro-optical amplitude modulator 3, a first signal generator 4, a first optical fiber splitter 5, a second signal generator 6, a first electro-optical phase modulator 7, a first phase shifter 8, a second electro-optical phase modulator 9, a second phase shifter 10, a second optical fiber splitter 11, a balanced detector 12, a first phase-locked loop, and a second phase-locked loop. The electro-optical amplitude modulator 3, the first electro-optical phase modulator 7 and the second electro-optical phase modulator 9 are all of waveguide type, and the first phase shifter 8 and the second phase shifter 10 are all of optical fiber type.
The laser 1 outputs laser with a 1064nm narrow linewidth of free space type continuous wave, the emitted laser is coupled into an optical fiber by an optical fiber collimator 2 and is transmitted to a waveguide type electro-optic amplitude modulator 3 through the optical fiber, a first signal generator 4 provides a 2.5MHz driving signal and loads the driving signal to the waveguide type electro-optic amplitude modulator 3, amplitude modulation of an optical field is achieved, and the modulated laser is incident into a first optical fiber beam splitter 5.
The first optical fiber beam splitter 5, the first electro-optic phase modulator 7, the first phase shifter 8, the second electro-optic phase modulator 9, the second optical fiber type phase shifter 10 and the second optical fiber beam splitter 11 jointly form an optical fiber type Mach-Zehnder interferometer for tracking and measuring time-varying random phases. The first optical fiber beam splitter 5 and the second optical fiber beam splitter 11 are both 50/50 optical fiber beam splitters, one of two paths of laser output by the first optical fiber beam splitter 5 enters the first electro-optic phase modulator 7, and the other path enters the first electro-optic phase modulator 9. The second signal generator 6 outputs a time-varying random signal which is applied as a modulation signal to the first electro-optical phase modulator 7, and the first electro-optical phase modulator 7 modulates the phase of the laser signal according to the time-varying random signal, thereby loading the phase information of the time-varying random signal into the laser signal and outputting the laser signal carrying the phase of the time-varying random signal. The first phase shifter 8 is an actuator of a first phase-locked loop, which adjusts the phase of the laser carrying random phase information according to the signal fed back by the high-voltage amplifier, and the dynamic adjustment range of the device is large, which can compensate the phase drift caused by environmental disturbance and lock the phase difference of two arms of the interferometer to pi/2. The second electro-optical phase modulator 9 receives the other path of signal output by the first fiber beam splitter 5, and adaptively adjusts the phase of the input laser signal according to the phase estimation signal output by the proportional controller 18. The second fiber-type phase shifter 10 has the same structure as the first phase shifter 8 and is used for loss matching of both arms of the interferometer. The beams from the two arms of the interferometer interfere at the second fiber splitter 11, and then the interference signal is split into two paths with a splitting ratio of 50/50 and is detected and received by the balanced photodetector 12.
The balanced photodetector 12 is used for detecting laser interference signals, and is composed of two photodiodes with the same gain response, and performs photocurrent subtraction according to the light power received by each photodiode and outputs the photocurrent subtraction, so that common mode noise of an optoelectronic system is deducted, and the detection precision is improved.
The first phase-locked loop and the second phase-locked loop are respectively used for controlling the relative phase difference between two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and capturing estimated phase information. The first phase-locked loop comprises a proportional integral derivative PID controller 13 and a high-voltage amplifier 14, the first phase-locked loop feeds back to the first optical fiber type phase shifter 8 through the proportional integral derivative PID controller 13 and the high-voltage amplifier 14 according to a direct current signal output by the balance detector 12, so that a low-frequency and low-gain feedback control loop is formed, the loop is used for counteracting interferometer phase drift caused by environmental disturbance such as vibration, temperature and the like, and meanwhile, the method locks the phase difference of two arms of the interferometer to pi/2 to obtain the maximum phase measurement sensitivity. The second phase-locked loop comprises a third signal generator 15, a phase-locked amplifier 16, a kalman filter 17 and a proportional controller 18, the second phase-locked loop demodulates the alternating current signal output by the balanced detector 12 through the phase-locked amplifier 16 to obtain a photocurrent error signal containing phase estimation information, wherein the third signal generator 15 provides a reference signal to the phase-locked amplifier 16, the kalman filter 17 and the proportional controller 18 jointly act on the photocurrent error signal to perform filtering estimation, the signal is fed back to the second electro-optic phase modulator 9 and is simultaneously output to an oscilloscope 19, and an optimal phase estimation value of minimum estimation variance is obtained by adjusting the gain of the proportional controller 18.
The experiment of this embodiment was verified to have the results shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a time domain graph of time varying random phase estimation, fig. 2(a) is a time varying random signal of 3kHz bandwidth generated by white noise generated by the second signal generator 6 via a low pass filter, fig. 2(b) is an estimation result outputted from the proportional controller 18 after kalman filtering, comparing it with the results that the phase estimation method of the present invention is ideal, fig. 3 is an experimental result graph of variation of phase estimation variance with injected photon number, the experiment measures and calculates the mean square error of tracking, adjusts the kalman filtering gain, records the optimum tracking variance, and the photon number reaches 3.7 × 10 in the experiment10The tracking variance reaches 2.5 × 10-5. It can be seen that the phase estimation accuracy of the present invention is very high.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement, characterized by: the laser phase-locked loop based on the electro-optic amplitude modulator comprises a laser, an optical fiber collimator, a first signal generator, an electro-optic amplitude modulator, a first optical fiber beam splitter, a first electro-optic phase modulator, a first phase shifter, a second electro-optic phase modulator, a second phase shifter, a second optical fiber beam splitter, a balance detector, a second signal generator, a first phase-locked loop and a second phase-locked loop, wherein laser emitted by the laser is coupled into an optical fiber through the optical fiber collimator and is transmitted to the electro-optic amplitude modulator through the optical fiber, a signal emitted by the first signal generator is input to the electro-optic amplitude modulator, one end of the first optical fiber beam splitter receives the signal emitted by the electro-optic amplitude modulator, the other end of the first optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals, one path of signals sequentially passes through the first electro-optic phase modulator and the first phase shifter and is converged to the second optical fiber beam splitter, and the other path of, The second phase shifter converges to a second optical fiber beam splitter, the first electro-optic phase modulator also receives a signal sent by a second signal generator, an output signal of the second optical fiber beam splitter outputs two paths of signals through a balance detector, one path of signals is fed back to the first phase shifter through the first phase-locked loop, and the other path of signals is fed back to the second electro-optic phase modulator through a second phase-locked loop.
2. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first phase-locked loop comprises a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and a high-voltage amplifier, and the balance detector, the PID controller, the high-voltage amplifier and the first phase shifter are sequentially connected.
3. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second phase-locked loop comprises a third signal generator, a phase-locked amplifier, a Kalman filter and a proportional controller, and the balance detector, the third signal generator, the phase-locked amplifier, the Kalman filter, the proportional controller and the second electro-optic phase modulator are sequentially connected.
4. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser is used for outputting free space type continuous wave narrow linewidth 1064nm laser.
5. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first signal generator is for generating a 2.5MHz drive signal.
6. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second signal generator is for generating a time-varying random signal.
7. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the balanced photoelectric detector consists of two photodiodes with the same gain response, and is used for outputting light current after light current subtraction according to the light power received by each photodiode.
8. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third signal generator is used for generating a reference signal.
9. The adaptive fiber-optic mach-zehnder interferometer for time-varying random signal measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electro-optic amplitude modulator, the first electro-optic phase modulator and the second electro-optic phase modulator are all of waveguide type, and the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are all of optical fiber type.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115133379A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Random signal generation device and method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering amplification |
| CN115685235A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-02-03 | 南京工业大学 | Optical phase tracking system for measuring fast time-varying signals |
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| CN115685235B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-05-03 | 南京工业大学 | Optical phase tracking system for measuring fast time-varying signals |
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