CN111623715A - Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter - Google Patents
Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111623715A CN111623715A CN202010564916.5A CN202010564916A CN111623715A CN 111623715 A CN111623715 A CN 111623715A CN 202010564916 A CN202010564916 A CN 202010564916A CN 111623715 A CN111623715 A CN 111623715A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- power
- cutter
- workbench
- outer diameter
- driving mechanism
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sawing (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a cutter external diameter non-contact detector, includes workstation, laser detecting system, be provided with two at least V-arrangement brackets along the fore-and-aft direction on the workstation, every have the V-arrangement groove that is used for the bearing cutter body of rod on the V-arrangement bracket, still include power drive mechanism, power drive mechanism is including the power part who has power output shaft, fix last roller of power output shaft, power drive mechanism has detection position and dress spare position. When the power transmission shaft is in the detection position, the whole power driving mechanism is under the action of the gravity, the roller presses the cutter downwards, the power part is controlled to be electrified, the power transmission shaft drives the roller to rotate, and the roller drives the cutter to rotate. The laser detection system can detect the outer diameter of the cutter head of the cutter at the moment, the detection is quick and accurate, and the cutter head cannot be damaged. And detecting to be in the assembling position. At this point, the tool can be removed and replaced with an undetected tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-contact detector for the outer diameter of a cutter.
Background
In the manufacturing and production process of the cutter, the outer diameter of the cutter needs to be accurately measured, and whether the production standard is met or not is detected. The existing cutter measuring mode is mainly and often measured through micrometer contact, and in the measurement, the sharp cutting edge of the cutter is extremely easy to damage, the condition that the cutting edge is broken is generated, the cutter is scrapped, and the reject ratio is increased. And the manual measurement is mainly relied on in the measurement process, the error is large, and the detection efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-contact detector for the outer diameter of a cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a non-contact detector for the external diameter of a cutter comprises a workbench and a laser detection system, wherein at least two V-shaped brackets are arranged on the workbench along the front and back directions, each V-shaped bracket is provided with a V-shaped groove for supporting a cutter rod body, the non-contact detector also comprises a power driving mechanism, the power driving mechanism comprises a power part with a power output shaft and a roller fixed on the power output shaft, the power driving mechanism is provided with a detection position and a mounting position, when the power driving mechanism is positioned at the detection position, the roller downwards enters a space between the two V-shaped brackets, the power part is downwards close to the workbench, the axial lead direction of a power shaft outlet shaft is consistent with the linear distribution direction of the front and back at least two V-shaped grooves, when the power driving mechanism is positioned at the mounting position, the roller leaves the space between the two V-shaped brackets, the power component is offset or remote from the table.
In some embodiments, the worktable is further provided with a cutter tail limiting mechanism positioned behind the V-shaped bracket, the cutter tail limiting mechanism comprises a blocking body capable of facing all the V-shaped grooves, the blocking body is provided with a spherical surface for abutting against the end surface of the cutter tail, and the blocking body can be adjustably arranged on the worktable in a front-back and up-down position through a blocking body adjusting mechanism.
In some embodiments, the stopper adjusting mechanism includes a stopper lifting seat capable of sliding up and down on the worktable, a stopper lifting knob screwed on the stopper lifting seat along left and right threads and positioned by abutting against the worktable through an end portion, and a stopper seat rod screwed on the stopper lifting seat along front and rear threads, and the stopper is fixed at a front end portion of the stopper seat rod.
In some embodiments, the vertical center line of each V-shaped bracket and the center of the spherical surface are on the same vertical plane.
In some embodiments, the non-contact tool outer diameter detector further includes a base located below the worktable, and a displacement driving mechanism is arranged between the base and the worktable for controlling the movement of the worktable.
In some embodiments, the displacement driving mechanism includes a front and rear adjusting table which is slidably disposed on the base along a front and rear straight line, the working table is slidably disposed on the front and rear adjusting table along a vertical straight line, the base is rotatably connected with a front and rear adjusting screw rod having an axis extending along the front and rear straight line, the front and rear adjusting screw rod is in threaded engagement with the front and rear adjusting table, the front and rear adjusting table is rotatably connected with a top and rear adjusting screw rod having an axis extending along the vertical straight line, and the working table is in threaded engagement with the top and rear adjusting screw rod.
In some embodiments, a power mechanism mounting seat is disposed on the workbench, the power driving mechanism further includes a swing handle fixedly connected to the power member, the swing handle is pivotally connected to the power mechanism mounting seat around a swing handle shaft, an axial line of the swing handle shaft is parallel to an axial line of the power output shaft, and an axial line direction of the swing handle shaft is consistent with a linear distribution direction of the at least two V-shaped brackets.
In some embodiments, the power mechanism mounting seat is slidably disposed on the workbench along a front-rear linear direction, and a power displacement locking mechanism is disposed between the power mechanism mounting seat and the workbench, the sliding direction of the power mechanism mounting seat is consistent with the axial lead direction of the swing handle shaft, and/or the V-shaped bracket is slidably disposed on the workbench along a front-rear linear direction, and a V-shaped bracket displacement locking mechanism is disposed between the power mechanism mounting seat and the workbench, and the sliding direction of the power mechanism mounting seat is parallel to the sliding direction of the V-shaped bracket.
In some embodiments, the swing handle extends from the swing handle shaft in a direction away from the power part to form an assembly position locating rod, when the power driving mechanism is in an assembly position, an end of the assembly position locating rod abuts against the workbench, and at this time, the power part and the V-shaped bracket are respectively located on two sides of the axis of the swing handle shaft.
In some embodiments, the non-contact detecting instrument for the outer diameter of the cutting tool further includes a laser detecting system, the laser detecting system includes laser scanning and transmitting devices and laser scanning and receiving devices, which are distributed left and right, and the laser scanning and transmitting devices and the laser scanning and receiving devices are respectively located on the left and right sides of the worktable and in front of all the V-shaped brackets.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific combinations of the above-described features, and other embodiments in which the above-described features or their equivalents are arbitrarily combined are also intended to be encompassed. For example, the above features and the technical features (but not limited to) having similar functions disclosed in the present application are mutually replaced to form the technical solution.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: when the power driving mechanism is positioned at the detection position, the whole power driving mechanism is acted by the gravity, the roller presses the cutter downwards, the power part is controlled to be electrified, the power output shaft drives the roller to rotate, and the roller drives the cutter to rotate. The laser detection system can detect the outer diameter of the cutter head of the cutter at the moment, the detection is quick and accurate, and the cutter head cannot be damaged. After detection, the power part, the roller and the like of the power driving mechanism can be moved away from the position, namely, the position of the assembling part is arranged. At this point, the tool can be removed and replaced with an undetected tool.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention (when the power drive mechanism is in the assembly position);
FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention (when the power drive mechanism is in the testing position);
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the present invention (when the power drive mechanism is in the assembly position and the testing position);
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the present invention (when the power drive mechanism is in the assembly position);
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the present invention (when the power drive mechanism is in the testing position);
wherein:
1. a base;
2. a work table; 21. a V-shaped bracket; 211. a V-shaped groove;
3. a displacement drive mechanism; 31. a front and rear adjusting table; 32. adjusting the screw rod back and forth; 33. adjusting the screw rod up and down;
4. a power drive mechanism; 41. a power component; 42. a power take-off shaft; 43. a roller; 44. a swing handle; 45. a swing handle shaft; 46. a power mechanism mounting seat;
5. a cutter tail limiting mechanism; 51. a blocking body; 511. spherical surface;
61. a laser emitting end device; 62. a reflecting device.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figures, the non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter comprises a workbench 2 and a laser detection system. The laser detection system comprises a laser scanning and transmitting device 61, a laser scanning and receiving device 62, a controller and the like, and the conventional structure is not repeated. The front part of the workbench 2 is provided with two V-shaped brackets 21 along the front and back linear directions, each V-shaped bracket 21 is provided with a V-shaped groove 211 for supporting the cutter rod body, the shapes, the sizes and the high and low positions of the two V-shaped grooves are the same, and when the cutter is supported in the V-shaped grooves, the horizontal position of the central line of the cutter is ensured. The laser scanning transmitter 61 and the laser scanning receiver 62 are respectively located at the left and right sides of the worktable 2 and in front of all the V-shaped brackets 21, i.e. the laser line generated by the laser detection system is located in front of the V-shaped brackets 21.
The non-contact type detector for the outer diameter of the cutter further comprises a power driving mechanism 4. The power drive mechanism 4 includes a power member 41 having a power take-off shaft 42, and a roller 43 fixed to the power take-off shaft 42. The power unit 41 may be a motor or a motor and a reducer may be integrated. The output shaft is the power output shaft 42.
The power drive mechanism 4 has a detection position and a fitting position. When the power driving mechanism 4 is at the detection position, the roller 43 enters the space between the two V-shaped brackets 21 downwards, the power component 41 freely approaches the workbench 2 downwards, the axial lead direction of the power shaft output shaft is consistent with the linear distribution direction of the front and rear two V-shaped grooves 211, if a cutter is supported in the V-shaped grooves 211 at the moment, the whole power driving mechanism is acted by the gravity, the roller 43 presses the cutter downwards, the power component 41 is controlled to be powered, the power shaft output shaft 42 drives the roller 43 to rotate, and the roller 43 drives the cutter to rotate. The laser detection system can detect the outer diameter of the cutter head of the cutter at the moment, the detection is quick and accurate, and the cutter head cannot be damaged. After the detection, the power unit 41 of the power driving mechanism 4 and the roller can be moved away from the position, i.e. the mounting position. When the power drive mechanism 4 is in the fitting position, the roller 43 is out of the space between the two V-shaped brackets 21, and the power unit 41 is offset or away from the table 2. If the tool is held in the V-shaped groove 211, the roller 43 releases the tool, and the tool can be removed and replaced with an undetected tool.
The structural installation of the power driving mechanism 4 can be up-down lifting type, but a power distribution mechanism 4 up-down positioning device is needed, and particularly, the power distribution mechanism is located at the installation position and needs to be positioned. The power driving mechanism 4 can also adopt an independent split mode, but under the detection position, the accurate detection and positioning at each time can not be ensured. In this embodiment, a swing type is employed. As will be described in detail below,
the worktable 2 is provided with a power mechanism mounting seat 46, the power driving mechanism 4 further comprises a swing handle 44 with one end fixedly connected with the power component 41, the swing handle 44 is pivotally connected with the power mechanism mounting seat 46 around a swing handle shaft 45, the axis of the swing handle shaft 45 is parallel to the axis of the power output shaft 42, and the axis direction of the swing handle shaft 45 is consistent with the linear distribution direction of the two V-shaped brackets 21. When the swing handle 44 swings downward, the power driving mechanism 4 is placed under the detection position, and when the swing handle 44 swings upward, the power driving mechanism 4 is placed under the assembly position.
The power mechanism mounting seat 46 is arranged on the workbench 2 in a sliding manner along the front-back linear direction, and a power displacement locking mechanism is arranged between the power mechanism mounting seat 46 and the workbench 2, the structure of the power displacement locking mechanism is not limited, the invention is not limited, as long as the structure for positioning between two sliding training pieces can be applied, a bolt is arranged on one of the workbench, the bolt is screwed in and tightly abuts against the other part, the bolt can not slide between the two parts, and the bolt can also be replaced by a cam. The sliding direction of the power mechanism mounting seat 46 is consistent with the axial lead direction of the rocking handle shaft 45. The V-shaped bracket 21 can also be made slidable with respect to the table 2. The main purpose of the sliding of the V-shaped bracket 21 and/or the power mechanism mounting base 46 relative to the table is to enable tools of different lengths to be suitable by adjusting the positions back and forth, so that the position of the tool bit can be adjusted to a proper position convenient for laser detection.
The swing lever 44 extends from the swing lever shaft 45 in a direction away from the power member 41 to form a fitting position positioning lever, and when the power drive mechanism 4 is in the fitting position, an end of the fitting position positioning lever abuts against the table 2, and at this time, the power member 41 and the V-shaped bracket 21 are located on both sides of the axial line of the swing lever shaft 45.
In addition to the possibility of slightly adjusting the position of the tool bits by sliding the V-shaped bracket 21 and/or the power mechanism mount 46 relative to the table 2, large-scale adjustments can be achieved by displacing the drive mechanism 3. The non-contact cutter outer diameter detector further comprises a base 1 located below the workbench 2, and a displacement driving mechanism 3 is arranged between the base 1 and the workbench 2 and used for controlling the workbench 2 to move. The displacement driving mechanism 3 includes a front and rear adjusting table 31 which is provided on the base 1 only in a front and rear linear sliding manner via a guide rail, the table 2 is provided on the front and rear adjusting table 31 only in a front and rear linear sliding manner via a guide rail, the base 1 is connected to a front and rear adjusting screw 32 whose axial lead extends in a front and rear linear direction only in a rotatable manner, the front and rear adjusting screw 32 is in threaded engagement with the front and rear adjusting table 31, the front and rear adjusting table 31 is connected to a front and rear adjusting screw 33 whose axial lead extends in a front and rear linear direction only in a rotatable manner, and the table 2 is in threaded engagement with the front and rear adjusting screw 33. The thread self-locking function realizes the positioning.
The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter further comprises a cutter tail limiting mechanism 5. The cutter can be moved backwards in the process that the roller 43 drives the cutter to rotate, and the cutter tail limiting mechanism 5 is located behind the V-shaped bracket 21 and used for limiting the cutter from moving backwards. The tool tail limiting mechanism 5 comprises a blocking body 51 which can face all the V-shaped grooves 211, and the blocking body 51 is provided with a spherical surface 511 which is used for abutting against the end surface of the tool tail. The tail end of the cutter is in point contact with the spherical surface 511, and the friction is small.
The stopper 51 is adjustably provided on the table 2 in front and rear, up and down positions by a stopper adjusting mechanism. For example, the stopper adjusting mechanism includes a stopper lifting seat which can be slidably disposed on the worktable 2 up and down, a stopper lifting knob which is screwed on the stopper lifting seat along left and right threads and abuts against the worktable 2 through an end portion to position the stopper lifting seat, and a stopper seat rod which is screwed on the stopper lifting seat along front and rear threads, wherein a center line of the stopper seat rod is parallel to or coincident with an axial line of the cutter, and the stopper 51 is fixed at a front end portion of the stopper seat rod.
The vertical center line of each V-shaped bracket 21 and the center of the spherical surface 511 are all on the same vertical plane. Therefore, the stop body 51 can be lifted up and down to correspond to the cutters with different thicknesses. Cutters of different lengths, the stop 51 being adjustable back and forth.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All modifications made according to the spirit of the main technical scheme of the invention are covered in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a cutter external diameter non-contact detector which characterized in that: comprises a workbench (2) and a laser detection system, wherein at least two V-shaped brackets (21) are arranged on the workbench (2) along the front-back direction, a V-shaped groove (211) for supporting a cutter rod body is arranged on each V-shaped bracket (21),
the device also comprises a power driving mechanism (4), wherein the power driving mechanism (4) comprises a power part (41) with a power output shaft (42) and a roller (43) fixed on the power output shaft (42), the power driving mechanism (4) is provided with a detection position and a mounting position, when the power driving mechanism (4) is in a detection position, the roller (43) enters downwards into a space between the two V-shaped brackets (21), the power component (41) is close to the workbench (2) downwards, the axial lead direction of the power shaft outlet shaft is consistent with the linear distribution direction of at least two V-shaped grooves (211) at the front and the back, when the power driving mechanism (4) is in the mounting position, the roller (43) leaves the space between the two V-shaped brackets (21), and the power part (41) deviates or is far away from the workbench (2).
2. The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: still have on workstation (2) and be located sword tail stop gear (5) at V-arrangement bracket (21) rear, sword tail stop gear (5) are including facing all keep off body (51) of V-arrangement groove (211), it is used for with the inconsistent sphere (511) of sword tail terminal surface to have on the fender body (51), keep off body (51) and can set up in front and back, upper and lower position is adjustable through keeping off body adjustment mechanism on workstation (2).
3. The tool outer diameter non-contact detector of claim 2, characterized in that: keep off body adjustment mechanism including can slide from top to bottom and set up keep off body lift seat on workstation (2), along controlling the screw thread to connect soon on keeping off body lift seat and through tip and workstation (2) conflict location keep off body lift knob, along around the screw thread connect soon keep off body seat pole on keeping off body lift seat, keep off body (51) and fix keep off the preceding tip of body seat pole.
4. The tool outer diameter non-contact detector of claim 2, characterized in that: the vertical central line of each V-shaped bracket (21) and the center of the spherical surface (511) are on the same vertical plane.
5. The tool outer diameter non-contact detector of claim 2, characterized in that: the non-contact cutter outer diameter detector further comprises a base (1) located below the workbench (2), and a displacement driving mechanism (3) used for controlling the workbench (2) to move is arranged between the base (1) and the workbench (2).
6. The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter as claimed in claim 5, wherein: displacement drive mechanism (3) are including only can follow the setting of linear sliding around adjusting station (31) around on base (1), workstation (2) only can follow upper and lower linear sliding and set up around on adjusting station (31), only can be connected with axial lead around the linear direction extension around the adjusting screw rod (32) with adjusting station (31) screw-thread fit around along with rotating on base (1), only can be connected with axial lead around the linear direction extension from top to bottom on adjusting station (31) from top to bottom adjusting screw rod (33) from top to bottom on adjusting station (31) from top to bottom, workstation (2) with adjusting screw rod (33) screw-thread fit from top to bottom.
7. The tool outside diameter non-contact detector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the power mechanism driving mechanism (4) is characterized in that a power mechanism mounting seat (46) is arranged on the workbench (2), the power mechanism driving mechanism (4) further comprises a swing handle (44) fixedly connected with the power component (41), the swing handle (44) is connected with the power mechanism mounting seat (46) around a swing handle shaft (45) in a pivot mode, the shaft axis of the swing handle shaft (45) is parallel to the shaft axis of the power output shaft (42), and the direction of the shaft axis of the swing handle shaft (45) is consistent with the linear distribution directions of the at least two V-shaped brackets (21).
8. The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the power mechanism mounting seat (46) is arranged on the workbench (2) in a sliding mode along the front-back linear direction, a power displacement locking mechanism is arranged between the power mechanism mounting seat and the workbench (2), the sliding direction of the power mechanism mounting seat (46) is consistent with the axial lead direction of the swing handle shaft (45), and/or the V-shaped bracket (21) is arranged on the workbench (2) in a sliding mode along the front-back linear direction, a V-shaped bracket displacement locking mechanism is arranged between the power mechanism mounting seat and the workbench (46), and the sliding direction of the power mechanism mounting seat (46) is parallel to the sliding direction of the V-shaped bracket.
9. The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the swing handle (44) extends from the swing handle shaft (45) to a direction far away from the power part (41) to form a piece mounting position locating rod, when the power driving mechanism (4) is located at a piece mounting position, the end part of the piece mounting position locating rod is abutted against the workbench (2), and at the moment, the power part (41) and the V-shaped bracket (21) are respectively located on two sides of the shaft axis of the swing handle shaft (45).
10. The non-contact detector for the outer diameter of the cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the non-contact type detector for the outer diameter of the cutter further comprises a laser detection system, the laser detection system comprises a laser scanning transmitting device (61) and a laser scanning receiving device (62) which are distributed on the left and right sides, and the laser scanning transmitting device (61) and the laser scanning receiving device (62) are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the workbench (2) and located in front of all the V-shaped brackets (21).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010564916.5A CN111623715A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010564916.5A CN111623715A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111623715A true CN111623715A (en) | 2020-09-04 |
Family
ID=72258457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010564916.5A Pending CN111623715A (en) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111623715A (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-06-19 CN CN202010564916.5A patent/CN111623715A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4817581A (en) | Adjustable support for cutting apparatus | |
| CN109531293B (en) | Straight knife sharpener | |
| CN212482404U (en) | Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter | |
| CN203236182U (en) | Thin-wall drill barrel locating device of diamond thin-wall drill welding machine | |
| CN111623715A (en) | Non-contact type detector for outer diameter of cutter | |
| CN204262388U (en) | Lathe clamping device of milling cutter | |
| CN105149622A (en) | Roughing tool apron and finishing tool apron adjusting mechanism of numerically-controlled lathe | |
| CN111716394A (en) | MPP power cable protection pipe construction site cutting method | |
| CN108772752B (en) | High-precision laser multipoint positioning numerical control machine tool | |
| CN213748272U (en) | Shaft workpiece length detection device | |
| CN213591134U (en) | Double-tip armature rotor roundness detection mechanism | |
| CN212330792U (en) | Multi-station multi-angle machining system | |
| CN115164686A (en) | Cone crusher barrel size detection device | |
| CN211859123U (en) | Connector contact pin turning device | |
| CN107490523B (en) | Full-automatic cutting tool cutting efficiency test machine | |
| CN211615004U (en) | Automatic feeding knife rest for machining | |
| CN210498768U (en) | Automatic feeding and welding mechanism for alloy welding wires | |
| CN210359639U (en) | Square tube machining device | |
| CN203579318U (en) | Turning and online detection device for small deep blind holes | |
| CN111469075A (en) | Multi-station multi-angle machining system | |
| CN103317270B (en) | Two deflecting structure endless-rotating cutter sweep | |
| CN205033316U (en) | Convenient and fast wood cutting lathe | |
| CN218398524U (en) | Table saw and compound saw dual-purpose cutting fence device | |
| CN215747708U (en) | Milling and grinding combined machine tool for straight blade cutter | |
| CN220612334U (en) | Auxiliary inspection device and lathe |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |