CN111620646A - Manufacturing method of plastic formwork for building by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of plastic formwork for building by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111620646A CN111620646A CN202010341437.7A CN202010341437A CN111620646A CN 111620646 A CN111620646 A CN 111620646A CN 202010341437 A CN202010341437 A CN 202010341437A CN 111620646 A CN111620646 A CN 111620646A
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- phosphogypsum
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00939—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a plastic template for buildings by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste, which comprises the following steps: preparing materials: 50-75 parts of waste PVC plastic, 30-300 parts of phosphogypsum and 5-10 parts of wood powder by weight are taken as main materials, 25-50 parts of light calcium carbonate are taken as modified filler, 3-5 parts of glass fiber and 6-8 parts of cement are taken as auxiliary materials, and then 0.18-1 part of yellow foaming agent, 0.18-0.7 part of white foaming agent and 1-11 parts of foaming regulator are added; mixing materials: fully mixing the prepared raw materials at the temperature of 115 ℃, placing the raw materials in the temperature of 50 ℃ for cold mixing after the temperature of the raw materials reaches 115 ℃, and stopping mixing after the raw materials are cooled to 50 ℃; molding: heating, plasticizing and foaming the raw materials, and entering a mold for molding; cutting: and cutting the formed plate into required size to obtain the finished product. The plastic building template manufactured by the method has good performances, can be used as a template in the building industry to relieve the problem of insufficient resources such as steel, wood and the like, and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste utilization, in particular to a method for manufacturing a plastic formwork for buildings by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste.
Background
Phosphogypsum is an industrial waste residue discharged in the process of producing phosphoric acid, the main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, 5 tons of phosphogypsum are discharged when 1 ton of phosphoric acid is produced, at present, the phosphogypsum becomes a waste material with the largest discharge amount in chemical gypsum in China, and the discharge amount is 7.0 × 106Ton, but the large amount of phosphogypsum discharged not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes pollution to the environment; on the other hand, the building templates used in the domestic building engineering at present usually adopt steelThe steel templates are approximately 10% -15% lost in the using process every year, and the wood templates are more than 20% lost every year, so that the cost is high, and the waste of resources is caused to a certain extent. In this regard, the applicant has proposed a method of using phosphogypsum in the construction field to manufacture plastic formwork for construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the insufficiency of resources such as steel, wood and the like, and the waste and pollution of phosphogypsum.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for manufacturing a plastic template for construction by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: 50-75 parts of waste PVC plastic, 30-300 parts of phosphogypsum and 5-10 parts of wood powder by weight are taken as main materials, 25-50 parts of light calcium carbonate are taken as modified filler, 3-5 parts of glass fiber and 6-8 parts of cement are taken as auxiliary materials, and then 0.18-1 part of yellow foaming agent, 0.18-0.7 part of white foaming agent and 1-11 parts of foaming regulator are added;
mixing materials: fully mixing the prepared raw materials at the temperature of 115 ℃, placing the raw materials at the temperature of 50 ℃ for cold mixing after the temperature of the raw materials reaches 115 ℃, and stopping mixing after the raw materials are cooled to 50 ℃;
molding: heating, plasticizing and foaming the raw materials, and entering a mold for molding;
cutting: and cutting the formed plate into required size to obtain the finished product.
Preferably, the waste plastics are 5-type resin or 8-type resin which is prepared by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer VCM.
Preferably, the wood flour is poplar wood flour, and the weight of the poplar wood flour is 6 parts by weight.
Preferably, 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight of an internal lubricant and 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight of an external lubricant are also added in the compounding step.
Preferably, a stabilizer is also added in the compounding step in an amount of 2.5 to 5 parts by weight.
Preferably, 3 to 5 parts by weight of an impact modifier is also added in the compounding step.
Preferably, ACR resin is further added as a plasticizer in the compounding step in an amount of 3 to 5 parts by weight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the plastic building template manufactured by the method has good performance, can be used as a template in the building industry, partially replaces the steel and wood templates used at present, solves the problem of insufficient resources such as steel, wood and the like, and reduces the cost; meanwhile, the waste plastic and the phosphogypsum are mainly used as main materials, so that the resource recycling of the waste plastic and the phosphogypsum is realized, the environmental pollution and the resource waste are reduced, the current requirement on environmental protection is met, and the method can be widely used in the building industry.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
A method for manufacturing a plastic template for construction by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: 50-75 parts of waste PVC plastic, 30-300 parts of phosphogypsum and 5-10 parts of wood powder by weight are taken as main materials, 25-50 parts of light calcium carbonate are taken as modified filler, 3-5 parts of glass fiber and 6-8 parts of cement are taken as auxiliary materials, and then 0.18-1 part of yellow foaming agent, 0.18-0.7 part of white foaming agent and 1-11 parts of foaming regulator are added; in the batching link, a high-precision scale is used for weighing the glass fiber, the cement, the yellow foaming agent, the white foaming agent and the foaming regulator, the precision of the scale can reach 1 g, batching workers can accurately and unmistakably complete batching according to the precision requirement required by batching proportioning according to the formula provided by a technical department, the material proportioning is ensured to be consistent with the proportioning of a test formula, and the weighed raw materials are poured into a raw material pouring station.
Mixing materials: the method comprises the steps that raw materials prepared in a raw material pouring station are conveyed to a hot mixer through a vacuum feeding machine in a negative pressure mode to be mixed, the hot mixer is set to have a heating temperature of 115 ℃, the raw materials are fully mixed in a 115 ℃ temperature environment, after the raw materials reach 115 ℃, a discharging valve of the hot mixer is opened, the raw materials are discharged into a cold mixer to be subjected to low-speed cold mixing, the cold mixer is set to have a heating temperature of 50 ℃, the raw materials are subjected to cold mixing in a 50 ℃ temperature environment, the mixing is stopped after the raw materials are cooled to 50 ℃, the discharging valve of the hot mixer is opened, the mixed raw materials are discharged into a transition material tank, the finished raw materials mixed in the transition material tank are conveyed into a negative pressure pipeline through a mechanical screw, and then conveyed into a finished raw material bin of the finished products through another vacuum feeding machine in a negative pressure mode to be temporarily stored.
Molding: conveying the finished product raw materials in the finished product raw material bin to another negative pressure pipeline through another mechanical screw mechanism, and conveying the finished product raw materials to an intermediate bin through a third vacuum feeding machine under negative pressure; then the mixture is transferred from the middle bin and injected into a hopper of the extruder, and the feeding amount of the mixture into a barrel screw of the extruder is controlled by a double-screw spiral feeder below the hopper of the extruder according to the set feeding speed; after the finished raw materials enter the charging barrel, the screw rod rotates in the charging barrel to frictionally heat the finished raw materials and pushes the finished raw materials forwards, the charging barrel is directly heated, plasticized and foamed through five peripheral heating rings, then the materials are extruded into a confluence core through the barrel screw rod and reach a die, the extruded materials also need to be heated so as to avoid cooling and solidification of the materials, the die is also provided with a die temperature controller for ensuring that the materials can reach the temperature for melting and plasticizing, the materials are formed into plates through skinning in the die and are continuously extruded to a shaping table under the pushing of the continuously extruded materials, the shaping table is contacted with a die lip of the die, the materials extruded by the die enter the shaping table for cooling and shaping, and an operator can control the thickness of the shaping die by adjusting the heights of the; meanwhile, the plate is cooled and shaped by the internal circulation cooling system of the shaping table, the temperature of cooling water is about 18 ℃, the plate can be rapidly cooled and shaped, the flow rate of the material can be adjusted by a flow blocking rod and an adjusting screw on a die, and the surface of the die lip can be controlled by the water temperature and the oil temperature, so that all parts of the plate can be uniformly formed, and the surface can be smoothly and flatly skinned.
Cutting: the plate pushed to the shaping table is pulled out of the shaping table through a tractor, then is cut according to the required size through an automatic transverse and longitudinal cutting saw to obtain a finished product plastic template, and the plastic plate is sucked and lifted through a plate lifting mechanical arm to complete finished product stacking operation.
In particular, the most stable single-ply board formulation at present at the time of production is as follows (by weight): 50 parts of waste PVC plastic, 275 parts of phosphogypsum, 6 parts of wood flour, 25 parts of light calcium carbonate, 3 parts of glass fiber, 6 parts of cement, 0.18 part of yellow foaming agent, 0.7 part of white foaming agent and 11 parts of foaming regulator, wherein the light calcium carbonate is 1250-mesh light active calcium carbonate, and the actual measurement performance of the plastic template produced by the formula is shown in the following table:
table 1 table of properties of single-ply boards produced by the invention
From the performance data listed in the table, the plastic building template manufactured by the method of the invention has good performances, can be used as a template in the building industry, partially replaces the currently used steel and wood templates, so as to relieve the problems of insufficient resources such as steel, wood and the like and excessive occupation of the resources, and simultaneously realizes resource recycling of the waste plastic and the phosphogypsum as main materials, reduces environmental pollution and resource waste, meets the current requirement on environmental protection, and can be widely used in the building industry.
As a modified filler, light calcium carbonate can improve the physical properties of the template, but if excessive calcium carbonate is added, particle agglomeration can be caused, and the mechanical properties of the plastic template are reduced, so that the brittleness is increased, so that the component of the modified filler needs to be controlled, the density of the plastic template is not changed greatly along with the increase of the calcium carbonate part in the actual production, the bending strength and the elastic modulus are obviously enhanced, the cost is obviously reduced, but when the calcium carbonate part is increased to 50 parts, the product performance becomes unstable, the mechanical properties of the plastic template are reduced to different degrees at the later stage of the production cycle, the bending strength and the elastic modulus are respectively 20.63MPa and 1473MPa, and are respectively reduced by 15.76 percent and 23.2 percent, the template is brittle at the moment of experiment, the brittleness is increased sharply, and the comprehensive performance is best when the component is controlled to 25 parts through long-term practice.
The glass fiber in this embodiment is used to enhance the toughness of the template, and can be replaced by Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (LFRT) or CPE material in actual production, LFRT is a kind of composite material developed at a high speed in recent years, and is mainly prepared by compounding glass fiber, carbon fiber, organic fiber and the like with different thermoplastic plastic matrixes and various auxiliary agents through special equipment and processes, the damage and the shearing condition of the fiber in the product prepared by the LFRT are greatly reduced, so that the fiber keeps a certain length, the performance of the product is greatly improved, and the product has the advantages of high strength, good rigidity, long service life, good corrosion resistance, good dimensional stability, high precision, good creep resistance, low warpage, excellent fatigue resistance, high design freedom, excellent molding processability, light weight, recyclability and the like. The CPE material and the PVC plastic have good compatibility, and a mesh structure can be generated in the fracture process after the CPE material and the PVC plastic form a blending system, and the mesh structure is closely related to the use amount of the CPE, so that the toughness of the PVC substrate can be effectively improved.
A yellow blowing agent, azodicarbonamide, which exothermically decomposes to release N2 upon reaching the decomposition temperature, thereby forming dense cells in the forming die plate; since the chemical reaction is exothermic and the PVC resin is a heat-sensitive material, it is required to be used in combination with a white foaming agent (i.e. baking soda, NaHCO3) which decomposes to release CO2 endothermically after reaching the decomposition temperature, and foams the plastic form together with N2 released by decomposition of the AC foaming agent. In addition, the foaming regulator is LP-901, and is an acrylate polymer, and the foaming regulator is added into the formula of the embodiment, so that the melt strength, the tensile strength and the elongation at break can be increased, the uniformity and the stability of foam holes are maintained, and the generation of large holes for gas perforation is prevented.
As a further improvement of the previous embodiment, the waste plastic is produced by selecting 5-type resin or 8-type resin which is prepared by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer VCM, or selecting 5-type resin and 8-type resin, and the 5-type resin and the 8-type resin can be easily obtained, so that the cost is reduced. The melt strength of the 5-type resin is higher, so that the guarantee of mechanical property can be provided for the plastic template; the 8-type resin is easy to plasticize, has good melt fluidity, is easy to foam and better meets the processing requirements.
The contribution of the wood powder to the template of the embodiment is mainly that the rigidity and the bending elastic modulus of the product are increased, the wood powder is not easy to be too thin and too thick, preferably 50-60 meshes, and the wood powder is too thin, so that the advantage of length-diameter ratio of the wood powder is lost, the microstructure is spherical instead of fiber bundle, and the contribution to the rigidity and the bending elastic modulus is lost; wood flour is too coarse and poor in compatibility with resin organisms; the wood powder is not excessive, otherwise, the aggregation phenomenon of the wood powder is aggravated, the probability of stress concentration and defects caused by particles is increased, and the external stress cannot be well dispersed after the material is impacted, so that the toughness of the material is greatly influenced; secondly, the excessive wood powder is not beneficial to the thermal stability of the whole material in the production process, and through long-term research, the weight of the wood powder is most suitable to be controlled to be 5-10 parts, in addition, because a large amount of poplar wood is saved in Guizhou where the applicant is located, the width-diameter ratio of the poplar wood can meet the requirement, the poplar powder is selected according to local conditions to produce the plastic template of the embodiment, and through actual measurement, when the part of the poplar powder is controlled to be 6 parts, the produced plastic template can meet the standard requirements on bending strength and elastic modulus.
In addition, 0.6 to 0.9 part by weight of an internal lubricant and 0.6 to 0.9 part by weight of an external lubricant may be added in the compounding step. The internal lubricant is G60 internal lubricant, so as to reduce the internal friction of PVC, increase the fluidity of PVC and improve the plasticizing performance. The external lubricant is selected from high-temperature lubricant 3316A or PE wax, the high-temperature lubricant 3316A has high melting point and is not easy to volatilize, and the PVC plasticizing agent can also promote PVC plasticizing and shorten the plasticizing time while maintaining excellent demolding efficiency at a PVC extrusion die head after long-process heat and high temperature; the PE wax has the properties of low viscosity, high softening point, high hardness and the like, has very excellent external lubrication and stronger internal lubrication, is well compatible with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), can improve the processing efficiency, overcomes sheet adhesion, improves the surface smoothness and glossiness of the product, and improves the appearance of the finished product. The high-temperature lubricant 3316A or PE wax can not be added too much, the material is over-plasticized due to the excessive high-temperature lubricant 3316A, the demolding speed of the material at two sides is higher than that of the material at the middle due to the excessive PE wax, the two sides of the product are thick, the middle of the product is thin, and the effect of controlling the adding amount of the high-temperature lubricant 3316A or PE wax to be 0.6-0.9 is best through long-term groping.
In the step of batching, 2.5 to 5 parts by weight of stabilizer can be added, lead stabilizer YQ102 is specifically selected, and by adding the stabilizer, the HCl gas can be effectively captured by compounding the PVC and the lead composite heat stabilizer, so that the thermal decomposition of the PVC is prevented.
In addition, 3 to 5 parts by weight of impact modifier can be added during the compounding, and the impact modifier selected in the embodiment is CPE135A which has good compatibility with PVC and can effectively increase the impact resistance and the strength of the plastic template.
As a further improvement of the previous embodiment, during compounding, 3-5 parts by weight of ACR resin can be added as a plasticizer, the ACR resin is an acrylate high molecular polymer, is a copolymer of methacrylate and acrylate, mostly is a non-crosslinked linear random copolymer, has a higher molecular weight than PVC molecules, and the relative molecular weight is generally about 100-800 ten thousand.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for manufacturing a plastic template for construction by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: 50-75 parts of waste PVC plastic, 30-300 parts of phosphogypsum and 5-10 parts of wood powder by weight are taken as main materials, 25-50 parts of light calcium carbonate are taken as modified filler, 3-5 parts of glass fiber and 6-8 parts of cement are taken as auxiliary materials, and then 0.18-1 part of yellow foaming agent, 0.18-0.7 part of white foaming agent and 1-11 parts of foaming regulator are added;
mixing materials: fully mixing the prepared raw materials at the temperature of 115 ℃, placing the raw materials at the temperature of 50 ℃ for cold mixing after the temperature of the raw materials reaches 115 ℃, and stopping mixing after the raw materials are cooled to 50 ℃;
molding: heating, plasticizing and foaming the raw materials, and entering a mold for molding;
cutting: and cutting the formed plate into required size to obtain the finished product.
2. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the waste plastic is 5-type resin or 8-type resin which is prepared by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer VCM.
3. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wood powder is white poplar wood powder, and the weight of the white poplar wood powder is 6 parts.
4. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 0.6-0.9 part of internal lubricant and 0.6-0.9 part of external lubricant are also added in the step of proportioning.
5. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2.5-5 parts by weight of stabilizer is also added in the step of proportioning.
6. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: an impact modifier in an amount of 3 to 5 parts by weight is also added in the compounding step.
7. The method for manufacturing plastic formwork for building using phosphogypsum waste effectively as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the compounding step, 3-5 parts by weight of ACR resin is also added as a plasticizer.
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| CN202010341437.7A CN111620646A (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Manufacturing method of plastic formwork for building by effectively utilizing phosphogypsum waste |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112140577A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-29 | 福建师范大学福清分校 | Manufacturing method for stable production of wallboard |
| CN114735965A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-12 | 麦汉武 | Phosphogypsum foaming base material and preparation method and application thereof |
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