CN111618542A - Machining method for outer gear ring of slewing bearing worm gear and slewing driving device - Google Patents
Machining method for outer gear ring of slewing bearing worm gear and slewing driving device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618542A CN111618542A CN202010486684.6A CN202010486684A CN111618542A CN 111618542 A CN111618542 A CN 111618542A CN 202010486684 A CN202010486684 A CN 202010486684A CN 111618542 A CN111618542 A CN 111618542A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
- F16H1/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising worm and worm-wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing an outer gear ring of a slewing bearing worm gear and a slewing drive device, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: rough turning, semi-finish turning, raceway heat treatment, tempering, finish turning, gear hobbing, hole machining and raceway turning and grinding. The rotary driving device comprises a worm wheel rotary support and a worm, and two side walls of the worm are provided with tapered roller bearings. The slewing bearing worm gear external gear ring is formed by processing a large-diameter hob, when the worm gear works in a transmission mode, a certain space exists between a worm gear root circle and a worm addendum circle, and the space forms an artificial oil culvert, so that the lubricating condition can be effectively improved, the actual contact area can be effectively enlarged, the friction factor and the contact stress value can be reduced, and the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the worm gear transmission is finally achieved. Meanwhile, the worm wheel processed by the large-diameter hob is adopted, drum shape modification is carried out in the tooth direction, contact spots become larger and larger along with the increase of load, the bearing capacity of the worm wheel is improved, the transmission noise of the rod pair is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rotary driving, in particular to a method for machining an outer gear ring of a worm wheel of a rotary support and a rotary driving device.
Background
The rotary driving device is a novel rotary mechanism and plays an important role and position in the engineering machinery industry. The main components of a typical form of swing drive are: the worm, the worm wheel, the shell, the motor, the bearing and other parts can realize large reduction ratio transmission, thereby meeting the use requirements of low rotating speed and large output torque.
The worm is made of copper alloy according to different working conditions, the worm is made of 45 steel, 50Mn,42CrMo and the like, and the heat treatment forms are generally quenching and tempering, quenching, nitriding and the like. In worm gear and worm transmission, the material of a worm gear is generally 50Mn or 42CrMo, and the material is easy to be glued when being meshed with the worm, so that the whole rotary drive is damaged; in the other situation, a worm wheel material is 50Mn or 42CrMo, the quenching and tempering hardness of a machine body is HB 210-300, a worm is quenched or nitrided, and under the impact condition, the worm wheel and the worm are worn or peeled frequently, so that the rotary drive is damaged; the worm gear can also be made of copper alloy materials, but the cost of the copper alloy materials is high, so that the overall economy of the rotary drive is poor; the worm wheel can also be made of gray iron materials, but the gray iron materials are low in mechanical strength and can only be used in a light-load environment, so that the application occasions of rotation driving are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks in the background art, the present invention provides a method for processing an external gear ring of a pivoting support worm gear and a pivoting drive device, wherein the external gear ring of the pivoting support worm gear is processed by a large-diameter hob, and when the worm gear is in transmission operation, a certain space exists between a worm gear root circle and a worm addendum circle, and such space forms an artificial oil culvert, which can effectively improve the lubrication condition and enlarge the actual contact area, thereby reducing the friction factor and the contact stress value, and finally achieving the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the worm gear. Meanwhile, the worm wheel processed by the large-diameter hob is adopted, drum shape modification is carried out in the tooth direction, contact spots become larger and larger along with the increase of load, the bearing capacity of the worm wheel is improved, the transmission noise of the rod pair is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for machining an outer gear ring of a slewing bearing worm gear comprises the following steps:
firstly, rough turning:
turning the plane, the excircle and the inner hole of the blank, and flattening the surface;
II, semi-finish turning:
roughly machining a raceway and an inner hole of a single ring of the slewing bearing;
thirdly, heat treatment of the roller path:
performing medium-frequency induction quenching on the raceway by using a raceway quenching inductor;
fourthly, tempering:
tempering the quenched single ring to eliminate quenching stress;
fifthly, finish turning:
processing the plane, the excircle or the inner hole and the sealing groove of the single circle of the slewing bearing on a numerically controlled lathe, and processing the height, the excircle, the inner hole and other dimensions of the single circle to the requirements of a drawing;
sixthly, gear hobbing:
machining the gear teeth of the worm gear by using a customized worm gear hob;
seventhly, hole machining:
machining a slewing bearing mounting hole by using a gantry drill or a radial drilling machine;
eighthly, turning and grinding a roller path:
and (4) carrying out the grinding processing on the raceway of the single ring of the slewing bearing.
Furthermore, the steps are divided into primary rough turning and secondary rough turning, the primary rough turning corrects the excircle, the processing plane and the inner hole, the secondary rough turning corrects the inner hole, the processing plane and the excircle, the allowance of the correction excircle and the correction inner hole in the processing parameters is 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5um, the end face is chamfered by 1 x 45 degrees, and the processing feed is 0.8 mm/r.
Furthermore, the processing parameters in the second step are that the surface roughness Ra is not more than 12.5um, the end surface is chamfered by 1 x 45 degrees, and the processing feed is 0.8 mm/r.
Further, the induction quenching processing parameters in the third step are as follows: the linear speed is 400-450 m/min, the power is 40-50 kW, the frequency is 5-7 kHz, and the depth of a hardening layer is more than or equal to 4.0 mm.
Further, the temperature in the tempering furnace in the fourth step is 180 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours.
Furthermore, in the processing parameters in the fifth step, the tolerance of the corrected inner hole is 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the end surface is chamfered at 1 x 45 degrees, the processing feed is 0.4mm/r, the notch of the sealing groove is chamfered at 0.5 x 45 degrees, and the feed is 0.10 mm/r.
Further, the turning angle of the hob in the step six is θ, wherein:
theta-beta-lambda knife
In the formula: theta-angle of rotation
Beta-worm lead angle
Lambda cutter-large diameter hob helix angle
The allowance of the correction excircle in the processing parameters is 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the rotating speed of the processing cutter shaft is 80r/min, and the radial feeding is 0.2 mm/min.
Furthermore, the allowance of the corrected inner hole in the processing parameters in the step eight is 0.05mm, the processing linear speed is 140m/min, the feeding amount is 0.25mm/r, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 um.
A rotation driving device comprises a worm wheel rotation support and a worm, wherein the worm wheel rotation support is in meshing transmission with the worm, a shell is arranged at the outer side end of the worm wheel rotation support, tapered roller bearings are arranged on two side walls of the worm, the worm is connected with the shell through the tapered roller bearings at two ends of a shaft, and end covers are arranged at two ends of the worm;
the worm wheel slewing bearing comprises a worm wheel outer gear ring and an inner ring, a steel ball, an isolation block and a sealing skin are arranged between the worm wheel outer gear ring and the inner ring, and the steel ball is matched with the isolation block.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the rotary drive, the worm wheel is made of pearlite nodular cast iron QT800-2, and the material has the characteristics of high strength, wear resistance and low toughness, but compared with the common worm wheel material, the material needs to be combined with a new processing technology in the aspect of processing and manufacturing to reflect the good performance of the material. Compared with the common material, the nodular cast iron QT800-2 has the following specific advantages:
1. compared with 50Mn and 42CrMo, the advantages are as follows:
a. the abrasion and gluing phenomena caused by the transmission engagement of the steel and the steel are reduced, so that the service life of the rotary drive is prolonged. The hardness of the matrix of the nodular cast iron QT800-2 is high and can reach 245-335 HB, so that the nodular cast iron has good wear resistance, and the nodular cast iron has an anti-gluing effect in the actual use process, thereby effectively reducing the generation of wear and gluing phenomena in the failure mode of worm and gear transmission, and greatly prolonging the service life of the rotary drive.
b. And the risk of broken teeth of the worm wheel is reduced. In nodular cast iron, the natural form of carbon is free tiny graphite spheres, and the tiny spheres enable the nodular cast iron to have more excellent physical properties than cast iron and steel. In the transmission process of the worm wheel, the worm wheel is impacted by the worm, and the nodular cast iron material can well weaken the impact force, so that the risk of broken teeth of the worm wheel is reduced.
2. Compared with copper alloy, the copper alloy has the advantages that:
a. the processing difficulty of the worm wheel is reduced. When the worm wheel in the common rotary drive is made of copper alloy materials, the worm wheel does not completely use copper alloy, but adopts a copper alloy-steel combined machining mode, namely, the outer ring of the rotary support is machined by common materials such as 50Mn, then the copper worm wheel is machined, and finally the copper worm wheel is installed on the 50Mn outer ring to form an assembly body. The combination mode requires higher machining precision of the copper worm wheel and the 50Mn outer ring, and increases machining difficulty and assembling difficulty. The nodular cast iron QT800-2 is directly used as the outer gear ring of the worm gear of the slewing bearing, so that the processing difficulty and the assembly difficulty are greatly reduced, and the processing time and the assembly time are reduced.
b. The cost of the worm gear is reduced. In general, the worm wheel in the slewing bearing is made of integral copper alloy or the worm wheel part is made of copper alloy and then embedded in the cast iron main body, and the price of the copper alloy is far higher than the cost of the common material; if the common cast iron material is used, the bearing capacity of the slewing bearing can be greatly reduced, the slewing bearing can only be used in a light-load working environment, and the cost of the nodular cast iron QT800-2 is lower than that of 50Mn and 42CrMo under the condition of mass production, and the mechanical property is not reduced.
3. Compared with the gray iron, the method has the following advantages:
a. the bearing capacity of the slewing drive is improved. The nodular cast iron QT800-2 has higher tensile strength and hardness, in GB/T1389-2009 standard, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 800MPa, and the tensile strength is almost the same as or even better than that of a worm wheel material 50Mn and 42CrMo in a common slewing bearing in terms of tensile strength and hardness, so that the slewing bearing using the material has stronger raceway bearing capacity and gear bearing capacity than that of a common cast iron material, and the limitation that the common cast iron material can only be used in low-speed light-load occasions in worm and gear transmission is avoided.
The slewing bearing worm gear external gear ring is formed by processing a large-diameter hob, when the worm gear works in a transmission mode, a certain space exists between a worm gear root circle and a worm addendum circle, and the space forms an artificial oil culvert, so that the lubricating condition can be effectively improved, the actual contact area can be effectively enlarged, the friction factor and the contact stress value can be reduced, and the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the worm gear transmission is finally achieved. Meanwhile, the worm wheel processed by the large-diameter hob is adopted, drum shape modification is carried out in the tooth direction, contact spots become larger and larger along with the increase of load, and the bearing capacity of the worm wheel is improved, and the transmission noise of the rod pair is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of a swing drive apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional schematic view of the swing drive of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a worm gear type slewing bearing structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a worm gear machining method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a rough turning of the outer ring gear of the worm gear;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a secondary rough turning of the worm gear outer ring gear of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic semi-finish turning of the outer ring gear of the worm gear of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the finish turning of the worm gear outer ring gear of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic gear hobbing of the worm gear outer ring gear of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the hole machining of the outer ring gear of the worm gear of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "opening," "upper," "lower," "thickness," "top," "middle," "length," "inner," "peripheral," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced component or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
A rotary driving device is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a worm wheel rotary support 2 and a worm 5, wherein the worm wheel rotary support 2 and the worm 5 are in meshed transmission. The outer side end of the worm wheel slewing bearing 2 is provided with a shell 1, two side walls of a worm 5 are provided with tapered roller bearings 3, the worm 5 is connected with the shell 1 through the tapered roller bearings 3 at two ends of a shaft, and two ends of the worm 5 are provided with end covers 4.
As shown in FIG. 3, the worm wheel slewing bearing 2 comprises a worm wheel outer gear ring 21 and an inner ring 25, a steel ball 22, a spacer block and a sealing skin 24 are arranged between the worm wheel outer gear ring 21 and the inner ring 25, the steel ball 22 is matched with the spacer block, and the sealing skin 24 plays a role in sealing.
When the slewing bearing is assembled, the inner ring 25 is placed on an assembly platform, the outer gear ring 21 of the worm gear is sleeved on the inner ring, the positions of the inner ring and the outer ring are adjusted, a fixed number of steel balls 22 and spacing blocks are arranged in a raceway, after the axial clearance and the radial clearance are detected to be qualified, a plug and a sealing skin 24 are installed, and finally lubricating grease is filled in the raceway. During assembly of the rotary drive, the outer ring and the end cover 4 of the tapered roller bearing 3 on one side are firstly installed on the shell 1, then the worm 5 with the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing installed is installed in the shell, then the outer ring and the end cover of the tapered roller bearing on the other side are installed to ensure that the worm can flexibly rotate, finally the rotary support 2 is installed in the shell, the inner ring of the rotary support is connected with the shell through a screw, after the side clearance of the worm and gear is adjusted, the connecting screw is screwed down, finally lubricating grease is filled into the worm, the worm is rotated, and the rotary drive is ensured to flexibly operate.
The transmission characteristics of the worm require that the worm has good mechanical property, so the material of the worm is 42 CrMo. The 42CrMo steel belongs to ultrahigh-strength steel, has high strength and toughness, good hardenability, no obvious temper brittleness, and higher fatigue limit and multiple impact resistance after quenching and tempering. After the worm is roughly processed and formed, the surface hardness of the worm is improved by adopting a carburizing and quenching process, the heat treatment time required by the carburizing and quenching treatment is long, and the tooth shape deformation of the worm is large. But because the integral quenching is adopted, the integral hardness of the worm is effectively improved. Aiming at the problem of large deformation of worm teeth caused by carburizing and quenching, a grinding mode is adopted after carburizing and quenching, a part of allowance to be ground is reserved in worm machining before carburizing and quenching, and after the carburizing and quenching of the worm is finished, the worm is ground for the second time, so that the deformation caused by heat treatment can be completely avoided.
In the machining process of the slewing bearing, the inner ring is made of 50Mn material, the outer gear ring of the worm gear is made of nodular cast iron QT800-2, and the machining mode of the inner ring of the slewing bearing is consistent with that of the prior art and is not explained.
Now, the steps and the method for processing the outer gear ring of the slewing bearing worm wheel are described with reference to fig. 4 to 9:
a method for machining an outer gear ring of a slewing bearing worm gear comprises the following steps:
firstly, rough turning for one time:
clamping a workpiece on a numerically controlled lathe by taking a plane C as a reference plane, correcting an excircle A, enabling tolerance to be 0.1mm, locking a jaw, machining a plane D and an inner hole B, enabling surface roughness Ra to be less than or equal to 12.5um, chamfering an end face by 1 x 45 degrees, and enabling machining feed to be 0.8mm/r, as shown in figure 4;
secondary and secondary rough turning
Clamping a workpiece on a numerically controlled lathe by taking a plane D as a reference plane, correcting an inner hole B, enabling tolerance to be 0.1mm, locking a clamping jaw, machining a plane C and an excircle A, enabling surface roughness Ra to be less than or equal to 12.5um, chamfering an end face by 1 x 45 degrees, and enabling machining feed to be 0.8mm/r, as shown in figure 5;
three, half finish turning
As shown in fig. 6, the plane D is used as a reference surface, the inner hole B is corrected to perform rough machining on the slewing bearing raceway F, the inner hole E above the raceway F is turned at the same time, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the end face is chamfered at 1 × 45 degrees, and the machining feed is 0.5 mm/r;
fourthly, heat treatment of roller path
Clamping a workpiece on a numerical control induction quenching machine tool by taking a plane C as a reference surface, wherein the linear speed of induction quenching processing parameters is 400-450 m/min, the power is 40-50 kW, the frequency is 5-7 kHz, and the depth of a hardening layer is more than or equal to 4.0 mm;
fifth, tempering
Tempering for 3 hours in a tempering furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
sixth, finish turning
Clamping a workpiece on a numerically controlled lathe by taking a plane D as a reference surface, correcting an inner hole E with tolerance of 0.1mm, locking a clamping jaw, machining a plane K, an inner hole I and an outer circle G to the dimensions required by a drawing, wherein the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, chamfering the end face by 1 x 45 degrees, and machining feeding by 0.4 mm/r; processing a sealing groove H and a sealing groove J by using a groove cutting knife according to the requirements of the drawing, chamfering the groove opening by 0.5 x 45 degrees, and feeding by 0.10mm/r, as shown in figure 7;
seventh, hobbing
Clamping a workpiece to a gear hobbing machine tool by taking a plane D as a reference surface, correcting an excircle G, enabling a tolerance to be 0.1mm, locking a pressing plate, installing a customized large-diameter hob on a cutter shaft, adjusting the center height, and turning the hob by an angle theta, wherein the angle theta is shown in figure 8:
theta-beta-lambda knife
In the formula: theta-angle of rotation
Beta-worm lead angle
Lambda cutter-large diameter hob helix angle
The surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the rotating speed of a processing cutter shaft is 80r/min, and the radial feeding is 0.2 mm/min;
eighthly, hole machining:
clamping a workpiece to a gantry drilling machine by taking the plane K as a reference surface, and machining a mounting hole, a hoisting hole, a positioning pin hole and the like on the workpiece by taking the inner hole E as an edge finding reference according to the drawing requirements, wherein the tolerances of the hole diameter and the hole position degree both meet the drawing requirements, as shown in FIG. 9;
ninthly, turning and grinding a raceway:
correcting the inner hole E by taking the plane K as a reference surface with the tolerance of 0.05mm, and performing finish machining on the slewing bearing raceway, wherein the machining linear speed is 140m/min, the feeding amount is 0.25mm/r, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 um;
the processing method of the worm gear outer gear ring and the processing method of other parts of the rotary drive are consistent with the prior art and are not explained.
All adopt brand-new processing technology parameter to realize the dimensional requirement and the roughness requirement of product above the processing step, wherein the worm gear hobbing cutter processing adopts customized worm gear hobbing cutter to process, and this customized worm gear hobbing cutter lies in with ordinary hobbing cutter difference:
its reference circle diameter is 1 ~ 1.25m (m is the worm wheel modulus) than worm reference circle diameter, adopts the hobbing cutter processing worm wheel that is bigger than the complete set worm diameter, and worm wheel tooth root circular arc radius can increase like this, and when worm wheel and worm transmission during operation, there is certain space between worm wheel tooth root circle and the worm addendum circle, and such space forms the engineering oil culvert, can improve lubricating condition effectively and enlarge actual area of contact to reduce friction factor and contact stress value, finally reach the purpose that improves worm wheel and worm transmission bearing capacity. Meanwhile, the worm wheel processed by the large-diameter hob is adopted, drum shape modification is carried out in the tooth direction, contact spots become larger and larger along with the increase of load, and the bearing capacity of the worm wheel is improved, and the transmission noise of the rod pair is reduced. The helix angle of the large-diameter hob is changed correspondingly, at the moment, the helix angle of the hob needs to be recalculated, because the normal modulus of the hob is the same as that of the worm wheel, the number of heads of the hob is the same as that of the heads of the matched worms, and the helix angle of the large-diameter hob can be calculated according to the following formula:
lambda knife (arctan (n x mx knife/d knife) (1)
mx knife mn knife/cos lambda knife (2)
In the formula: lambda knife-hob helix angle
n-number of hob heads
diameter of reference circle of d-cutter hob
Axial modulus of mx cutter-hob
mn tool-hob normal modulus
The material of the worm wheel in the common rotary drive is generally 50Mn,42CrMo, copper alloy or gray iron, but the materials can not fully consider the aspects of wear resistance, mechanical strength and manufacturing cost. In the rotary drive, the worm wheel is made of pearlite nodular cast iron QT800-2, and the material has the characteristics of high strength, wear resistance and low toughness, but compared with the common worm wheel material, the material needs to be combined with a new processing technology in the aspect of processing and manufacturing to reflect the good performance of the material. Compared with the common material, the nodular cast iron QT800-2 has the following specific advantages:
1. compared with 50Mn and 42CrMo, the advantages are as follows:
a. the abrasion and gluing phenomena caused by the transmission engagement of the steel and the steel are reduced, so that the service life of the rotary drive is prolonged. The hardness of the matrix of the nodular cast iron QT800-2 is high and can reach 245-335 HB, so that the nodular cast iron has good wear resistance, and the nodular cast iron has an anti-gluing effect in the actual use process, thereby effectively reducing the generation of wear and gluing phenomena in the failure mode of worm and gear transmission, and greatly prolonging the service life of the rotary drive.
b. And the risk of broken teeth of the worm wheel is reduced. In nodular cast iron, the natural form of carbon is free tiny graphite spheres, and the tiny spheres enable the nodular cast iron to have more excellent physical properties than cast iron and steel. In the transmission process of the worm wheel, the worm wheel is impacted by the worm, and the nodular cast iron material can well weaken the impact force, so that the risk of broken teeth of the worm wheel is reduced.
2. Compared with copper alloy, the copper alloy has the advantages that:
a. the processing difficulty of the worm wheel is reduced. When the worm wheel in the common rotary drive is made of copper alloy materials, the worm wheel does not completely use copper alloy, but adopts a copper alloy-steel combined machining mode, namely, the outer ring of the rotary support is machined by common materials such as 50Mn, then the copper worm wheel is machined, and finally the copper worm wheel is installed on the 50Mn outer ring to form an assembly body. The combination mode requires higher machining precision of the copper worm wheel and the 50Mn outer ring, and increases machining difficulty and assembling difficulty. The nodular cast iron QT800-2 is directly used as the outer gear ring of the worm gear of the slewing bearing, so that the processing difficulty and the assembly difficulty are greatly reduced, and the processing time and the assembly time are reduced.
b. The cost of the worm gear is reduced. In general, the worm wheel in the slewing bearing is made of integral copper alloy or the worm wheel part is made of copper alloy and then embedded in the cast iron main body, and the price of the copper alloy is far higher than the cost of the common material; if the common cast iron material is used, the bearing capacity of the slewing bearing can be greatly reduced, the slewing bearing can only be used in a light-load working environment, and the cost of the nodular cast iron QT800-2 is lower than that of 50Mn and 42CrMo under the condition of mass production, and the mechanical property is not reduced.
3. Compared with the gray iron, the method has the following advantages:
a. the bearing capacity of the slewing drive is improved. The nodular cast iron QT800-2 has higher tensile strength and hardness, in GB/T1389-2009 standard, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 800MPa, and the tensile strength is almost the same as or even better than that of a worm wheel material 50Mn and 42CrMo in a common slewing bearing in terms of tensile strength and hardness, so that the slewing bearing using the material has stronger raceway bearing capacity and gear bearing capacity than that of a common cast iron material, and the limitation that the common cast iron material can only be used in low-speed light-load occasions in worm and gear transmission is avoided.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for machining an outer gear ring of a slewing bearing worm gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, rough turning:
turning the plane, the excircle and the inner hole of the blank, and flattening the surface;
II, semi-finish turning:
roughly machining a raceway and an inner hole of a single ring of the slewing bearing;
thirdly, heat treatment of the roller path:
performing medium-frequency induction quenching on the raceway by using a raceway quenching inductor;
fourthly, tempering:
tempering the quenched single ring to eliminate quenching stress;
fifthly, finish turning:
processing the plane, the excircle or the inner hole and the sealing groove of the single circle of the slewing bearing on a numerically controlled lathe, and processing the height, the excircle, the inner hole and other dimensions of the single circle to the requirements of a drawing;
sixthly, gear hobbing:
machining the gear teeth of the worm gear by using a customized worm gear hob;
seventhly, hole machining:
machining a slewing bearing mounting hole by using a gantry drill or a radial drilling machine;
eighthly, turning and grinding a roller path:
and (4) carrying out the grinding processing on the raceway of the single ring of the slewing bearing.
2. The method for machining the external gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the steps are divided into primary rough turning and secondary rough turning, the primary rough turning corrects an outer circle, a machining plane and an inner hole, the secondary rough turning corrects an inner hole, a machining plane and an outer circle, the tolerance of the corrected outer circle and the corrected inner hole in machining parameters is 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5um, the end face is chamfered by 1 x 45 degrees, and the machining feed is 0.8 mm/r.
3. The method for machining the outer gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the machining parameters in the second step are that the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5um, the end face chamfer angle is 1 x 45 degrees, and the machining feed is 0.8 mm/r.
4. The method for machining the outer gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the induction quenching machining parameters in the third step are as follows: the linear velocity is 400-450 m/min, the power is 40-50 kW, the frequency is 5-7 kHz, and the depth of a hardening layer is more than or equal to 4.0 mm.
5. The method for machining the outer gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the tempering furnace in the fourth step is 180 ℃ and the tempering time is 3 hours.
6. The method for machining the outer gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the tolerance of the inner hole is corrected by 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the end face is chamfered by 1 x 45 degrees, the machining feed is 0.4mm/r, the notch of the sealing groove is chamfered by 0.5 x 45 degrees, and the feed is 0.10mm/r in the machining parameters in the step five.
7. The method for machining the external gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the turning angle of the hob in the sixth step is θ, wherein:
theta-beta-lambda knife
In the formula: theta-angle of rotation
Beta-worm lead angle
Lambda cutter-large diameter hob helix angle
The allowance of the correction excircle in the processing parameters is 0.1mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3um, the rotating speed of the processing cutter shaft is 80r/min, and the radial feeding is 0.2 mm/min.
8. The method for machining the external gear ring of the slewing bearing worm gear according to claim 1, wherein the allowance of the correction inner hole in the machining parameters in the step eight is 0.05mm, the machining linear speed is 140m/min, the feeding amount is 0.25mm/r, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 um.
9. A rotary driving device comprises a worm wheel rotary support (2) and a worm (5), and is characterized in that the worm wheel rotary support (2) and the worm (5) are in meshing transmission, a shell (1) is arranged at the outer side end of the worm wheel rotary support (2), tapered roller bearings (3) are arranged on two side walls of the worm (5), the worm (5) is connected with the shell (1) through the tapered roller bearings (3) at two ends of a shaft, and end covers (4) are arranged at two ends of the worm (5);
the worm wheel slewing bearing (2) comprises a worm wheel outer gear ring (21) and an inner ring (25), a steel ball (22), a spacer block and a sealing cover (24) are arranged between the worm wheel outer gear ring (21) and the inner ring (25), and the steel ball (22) is matched with the spacer block.
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| CN202010486684.6A CN111618542A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Machining method for outer gear ring of slewing bearing worm gear and slewing driving device |
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| CN113639010A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-12 | 浙江台玖精密机械有限公司 | Composite worm wheel for speed reducer and composite method |
| CN113953766A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-21 | 安徽军明机械制造有限公司 | Production process method of pivoting support shell of grapple |
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