CN111618476B - High-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618476B CN111618476B CN202010483321.7A CN202010483321A CN111618476B CN 111618476 B CN111618476 B CN 111618476B CN 202010483321 A CN202010483321 A CN 202010483321A CN 111618476 B CN111618476 B CN 111618476B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
Abstract
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Sr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Li, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Ge, 4.5 to 13.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al. The product of the invention can adopt MIG welding, TIG welding, laser welding and composite heat source welding methods, is used for automatic or semi-automatic welding of aluminum structural parts, and has the tensile strength of a welding line of more than 220 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding in aluminum alloy material processing, in particular to a high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire.
Background
At present, in the household appliance industry and the refrigeration industry, high-strength aluminum alloy structures are adopted in a large quantity. In recent years, the application of high-strength aluminum alloy is more and more extensive in the fields of rail traffic such as the automobile industry, high-speed rails, subways and the like under the drive of the requirement of light weight manufacturing. Particularly, Si element in the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire improves the fluidity of the alloy, and the welded joint has good corrosion resistance and moderate machining properties and is widely used. However, the problem of low weld strength obtained by welding the aluminum-silicon alloy is not solved well all the time, and the application of the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire is severely restricted. Therefore, on the basis of solving the problems of air holes and cracks of welding seams of the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wires, research and development and production of high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wires become one of the important problems of meeting light manufacturing. The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire, which is completed under the technical background.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire which has less welding seam blowholes, less welding seam cracks and high welding seam strength (reaching or approaching the strength of a base metal), and can be used for automatic or semi-automatic welding of MIG welding, TIG welding, laser welding and composite heat source welding methods. Therefore, the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Sr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Li, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Ge, 4.5 to 13.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al.
The rod (wire) material can be obtained by using commercially available aluminum ingots, high-purity metal silicon blocks, metal titanium, aluminum-strontium alloy, metal lanthanum, metal lithium and metal germanium powder, adopting a conventional aluminum alloy smelting mode to mix according to the designed components, and adding a covering agent and a degassing agent which are determined by optimized screening during smelting, smelting and continuously casting. Annealing, peeling and drawing to obtain the wire. And cleaning and hanging the disc-shaped welding wire to obtain the disc-shaped welding wire for automatic welding. Or straightening and cutting to obtain straight filaments. The product of the invention can adopt MIG welding, TIG welding, laser welding and composite heat source welding methods, is used for automatic or semi-automatic welding of aluminum structural parts, and has the tensile strength of a welding line of more than 220 MPa.
The invention is based on that the typical Al-Si aluminum alloy welding wire (such as SAl4043 aluminum welding wire with Si content of 4.5-6.0%, SAl4047 aluminum welding wire with Si content of 11.0-13.0%) has high solubility to hydrogen during smelting, and the hydrogen content is sensitive to the 'drawing processing' of the Al-Si aluminum welding wire, so that wire breakage is easily caused, and the drawing processing efficiency is influenced; on the other hand, the existence of the Si content of 4.5-13.0% leads the structure of the aluminum-silicon welding wire to be coarse, and Si phase modification treatment is needed to refine Si phase, so that the casting structure crystal grains of the rod material continuously cast after the Al-Si aluminum alloy welding wire is smelted are refined, and the requirement of subsequent drawing processing is met. The addition of Sr element can effectively refine the Si phase structure, and the addition of trace Ti element has better effect of refining the Si phase structure. However, the addition of Sr tends to increase the hydrogen content of the Al-Si alloy. In order to reduce the harm of hydrogen, the technical scheme is used for inhibiting the dissolution amount of hydrogen in the Al-Si alloy by adding trace La element. In addition, the addition of trace Li and Ge elements effectively improves the strength of the Al-Si alloy without causing other negative effects. By optimizing the components of the Al-Si alloy welding wire, the newly invented Al-Si alloy welding wire has excellent mechanical properties, and simultaneously, the surface finish, the cleanliness and the wire diameter of the processed and prepared product, and the warping distance and the spiral problem of the welding wire all meet the requirements.
Detailed Description
The invention mainly solves the following key problems:
1) by adding trace Sr and Ti, the Al-Si alloy structure is refined, and meanwhile, the trace rare earth element La is added, so that the problem of hydrogen dissolution during aluminum welding wire smelting and welding is solved, the hydrogen content in SAl4043 and SAl4047 aluminum alloy rods (continuous casting wires) and welding wires and welding seams is greatly reduced, and the hydrogen content in SAl4043 and SAl4047 aluminum welding wires can be controlled within the range of less than or equal to 0.2ml/100g of metal. In the range, when MIG welding, TIG welding, laser welding and composite heat source welding methods are adopted for welding, no pore defect is generated in the welding seam, and the quality of the welding seam is ensured.
2) Through 12 groups of 180 alloy formula tests, the Si element of the conventional SAl4043 and SAl4047 aluminum alloys is in the range of 4.5-13.0%, and trace Li and Ge are added, so that the high tensile strength of the welding wire and the welding seam can be improved and ensured, and the technical index requirements of welding the high-strength aluminum alloy welding wire by SAl4043 and SAl4047 welding wires are met.
Compared with the prior research, the invention has the creativity that:
1. the research finds and proves the 'dehydrogenation' capability and efficiency of the trace element La. Even if Ce, Pr and Nd in lanthanide elements with chemical properties similar to those of the La elements are adopted to replace the La elements, the 'dehydrogenation' effect of the La elements cannot be achieved.
Examples 1 to 5 show that: under the same test conditions, the hydrogen content of the welding wire and the welding line is less than or equal to 0.20ml/100g of metal (average value of 5 test pieces); the tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (average value of 5 test pieces), and the welding line is cold-bent for 180 degrees without cracks.
When Ce, Pr and Nd are used for replacing La, the hydrogen content of the welding seam is more than or equal to 0.20ml/100g of metal (average value of 5 test pieces) and the tensile strength of the welding seam is low, and the cold bending angle of the non-cracking welding seam is less than 180 degrees (China classification society of Ship (CCS) & materials and welding Specifications) -2018 version stipulates that the welding seam is cold-bent at 180 degrees and has no cracks) as can be seen from comparative examples 1, 2 and 4 given in the specification.
Although the existing literature reports that La is added into aluminum alloy and has an improvement effect on the performance of the aluminum alloy, no report is found that La is used for 'dehydrogenation' of aluminum-silicon alloy welding wires and the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wires have the characteristics of low hydrogen, high strength and easiness in processing. Therefore, the technical scheme has creative and theoretical guiding significance. 0.4ml/100g metal is the critical value of the hydrogen content of the high-quality aluminum alloy welding wire recognized at home and abroad at present, but the hydrogen content in the welding wire or the welding seam of the invention is reduced by 50 percent compared with the critical value, the quality is obviously improved, thereby ensuring that the horizontal continuous casting wire rod after smelting of the aluminum alloy welding wire has excellent quality and no wire breakage phenomenon during drawing processing. When the MIG welding method is adopted for welding, the welding seam has no pore defect and has excellent mechanical property. The component optimization test shows that the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire and the welding seam thereof have the lowest hydrogen content in the range of 0.01-0.15 percent of the addition amount of Ti, 0.01-0.15 percent of the addition amount of Sr and 0.01-0.1 percent of the addition amount of La. Comparative example 5, in which no La element was added, had the highest hydrogen content and the worst plasticity (cold bending property), and cracked when cold bent to 60 °, which is far from the standard requirement that cold bending at 180 ° does not crack.
2. The invention also discloses a mechanism for improving the strength of the Al-Si alloy welding wire and the welding seam thereof by Ge element: a proper amount of Ge element can generate obvious strengthening effect in the Al-Si alloy. Because of the high bonding energy of Ge element and vacancy, the Al-Si alloy continuous casting rod must be annealed before drawing and after multi-pass drawing to eliminate the work hardening phenomenon. In the annealing treatment process, the Ge element added into the Al-Si alloy is preferentially combined with the vacancy, so that the diffusion of other solute atoms, particularly the Si element, and the precipitation of a coarse second phase in the alloy at a low solution annealing rate are prevented, and the plasticity of the Al-Si alloy is improved and the strength of the Al-Si alloy is improved.
In addition, the strengthening and toughening way of the Al-Li alloy is mainly realized by methods such as tissue stratification, thermomechanical treatment, microalloying, graded aging and the like, and the Li element is added in the method in the claim 1, so that the Li element can play a role in strengthening and toughening through manufacturing processes such as aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire annealing, drawing, winding, coiling and the like.
The component optimization test shows that the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire and the welding seam thereof have the best strength and cold bending performance within the range of 0.01-0.1 percent of the addition amount of Li and 0.01-0.5 percent of the addition amount of Ge. As can be seen from comparative example 3, the tensile strength of the weld joint obtained by welding the aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire without adding Li and Ge elements is the lowest.
The mass formula ratio of the high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire according to the invention describes the specific embodiment of the invention.
Example one
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.15 percent of Sr, 0.01 percent of La, 0.1 percent of Li, 0.01 percent of Ge, 13.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has excellent processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line is subjected to X-ray flaw detection to meet the I-grade welding joint requirement specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 180 degrees without cracks. The weld hydrogen content was 0.18ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Example two
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.15% of Ti, 0.01% of Sr, 0.1% of La, 0.01% of Li, 0.5% of Ge, 4.5% of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has excellent processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line is subjected to X-ray flaw detection to meet the I-grade welding joint requirement specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 180 degrees without cracks. The weld hydrogen content was 0.19ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
EXAMPLE III
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of Ti, 0.1% of Sr, 0.05% of La, 0.05% of Li, 0.1% of Ge, 8.5% of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has excellent processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line is subjected to X-ray flaw detection to meet the I-grade welding joint requirement specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 180 degrees without cracks. The weld hydrogen content was 0.16ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Example four
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of La, 0.06 percent of Li, 0.2 percent of Ge, 10.5 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has excellent processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line is subjected to X-ray flaw detection to meet the I-grade welding joint requirement specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 180 degrees without cracks. The weld hydrogen content was 0.17ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
EXAMPLE five
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.04 percent of La, 0.04 percent of Li, 0.3 percent of Ge, 12.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has excellent processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line is subjected to X-ray flaw detection to meet the I-grade welding joint requirement specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line is more than or equal to 220MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 180 degrees without cracks. The weld hydrogen content was 0.2ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Comparative example 1
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.03 percent of Sr, 0.04 percent of Ce, 0.04 percent of Li, 12.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the processing performance of the welding wire is general. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line reaches the II-grade welding joint requirement (the welding line quality is lower than the I-grade welding joint requirement) specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography after X-ray flaw detection. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding line reaches 188MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending cracks at 90 degrees. The weld hydrogen content was 0.26ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Comparative example 2
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of Pr, 0.2 percent of Ge, 10.5 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the processing performance of the welding wire is general. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line reaches the II-grade welding joint requirement (the welding line quality is lower than the I-grade welding joint requirement) specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography after X-ray flaw detection. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding seam reaches 179MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending cracks at 100 degrees. The weld hydrogen content was 0.32ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Comparative example 3
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of La, 10.5 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the welding wire has general processing performance. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line reaches the II-grade welding joint requirement (the welding line quality is lower than the I-grade welding joint requirement) specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography after X-ray flaw detection. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding seam reaches 166MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending is carried out for 80 degrees to crack. The weld hydrogen content was 0.25ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Comparative example 4
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of Nd, 0.06 percent of Li, 0.2 percent of Ge, 10.5 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the processing performance of the welding wire is general. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line reaches the II-grade welding joint requirement (the welding line quality is lower than the I-grade welding joint requirement) specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography after X-ray flaw detection. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding seam reaches 189MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending cracks at 70 degrees. The weld hydrogen content was 0.29ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Comparative example 5
A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.06 percent of Li, 0.2 percent of Ge, 10.5 percent of Si and the balance of Al, and the processing performance of the welding wire is general. Welding wires with the diameter of 2mm are adopted, a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy test plate with the thickness of 12mm is welded, the welding current is 160A, the welding arc voltage is 24V, the argon gas flow is 16L/min (liter/min), MIG welding is adopted for butt welding, and the welding line reaches the II-grade welding joint requirement (the welding line quality is lower than the I-grade welding joint requirement) specified in GB/T3323-2005 metal fusion welding joint radiography after X-ray flaw detection. According to the specification of China Classification Society (CCS) Material and welding Specifications-2018 edition, sampling is carried out on a welding test plate, and the mechanical properties of a welding joint are tested. The tensile strength of the welding seam reaches 189MPa (the average value of 5 test pieces), and the cold bending cracks at 60 degrees. The weld hydrogen content was 0.35ml/100g metal (average of 5 coupons).
Claims (1)
1. A high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Sr, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of La, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Li, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Ge, 4.5 to 13.0 percent of Si and the balance of Al.
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| JP2001353591A (en) * | 2000-06-12 | 2001-12-25 | Showa Denko Kk | Filler wire for feeding wire of laser beam welding for aluminum alloy, method for welding aluminum alloy, and welding member made of aluminum alloy |
| CN102699564B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江宇光铝材有限公司 | High-performance aluminum alloy automatic welding wire |
| CN103014419B (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽欣意电缆有限公司 | Al-Fe-Ge-RE aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof as well as power cable |
| CN104191111B (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-02-17 | 郑州机械研究所 | A kind of preparation method of aluminium silicon seamless flux-cored wire of germanic, hafnium |
| CN107186374B (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-04-09 | 北京诺飞新能源科技有限责任公司 | A kind of low-temperature high-strength aluminium welding wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN107937765B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-10-01 | 佛山市辰辉金属制品厂 | A kind of high-strength anti-corrosion die-casting aluminium alloy and its pressure casting method |
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| CN108118206A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy plate materials and its manufacturing method with high natrual ageing stability and high baking hardenability |
| CN106893897A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of heat-resistant rare earth aluminium alloy conductor and its manufacture method |
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