CN111617714A - Catalytic reaction device, instrument for catalyst electrification research and using method - Google Patents

Catalytic reaction device, instrument for catalyst electrification research and using method Download PDF

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CN111617714A
CN111617714A CN202010462132.1A CN202010462132A CN111617714A CN 111617714 A CN111617714 A CN 111617714A CN 202010462132 A CN202010462132 A CN 202010462132A CN 111617714 A CN111617714 A CN 111617714A
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catalyst
electrode
metal
gas
faraday cup
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CN111617714B (en
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姚水良
夏彤彤
吴祖良
李晶
孟瑞云
朱丹丹
孔程荣
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Changzhou University
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Abstract

The invention provides a catalytic reaction device, an instrument for catalyst electrification research and a using method, and particularly relates to the technical field of pollutant treatment. The apparatus for researching the electrification of the catalyst is improved on the basis of a catalytic reaction device, and a Faraday cup is arranged at the downstream of a catalyst layer in a reactor. The catalytic reaction device can improve catalytic reaction, and the instrument for researching catalyst electrification realizes the analysis of ions in the reactor, so that the generation characteristic of the ions can be detected, and the deposition characteristic of the ions on the surface of the catalyst can be obtained.

Description

Catalytic reaction device, instrument for catalyst electrification research and using method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pollutant treatment, and particularly relates to a catalytic reaction device, an instrument for catalyst electrification research and a using method.
Background
Plasma is an electrically neutral aggregate composed of many kinds of active particles such as electrons, photons, ions, and radicals, and is called a fourth species form except gas, liquid, and solid. According to the ion temperature, the plasma can be divided into low-temperature plasma and high-temperature plasma, and the low-temperature plasma includes corona discharge, radio-frequency discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge and the like. In the plasma reactor, a high voltage electrode is arranged in a quartz tube and the outside is grounded to form dielectric barrier discharge, so that a large amount of active chemical substances including various ions and electrons are generated during gas discharge in the tube, and the active substances can be used for removing some pollutants, wherein a plasma coupling catalyst is mainly used for removing volatile organic Compounds (namely, vollatile organic Compounds (hereinafter, abbreviated as VOCs) and the like. At present, technologies for removing VOCs by plasma catalysis have been applied, however, the influence of ions and electrons generated by gas discharge on the performance of the catalyst is not studied, for example, the rule of influence on the oxidizing performance of pollutants after the catalyst is charged is not clear, and there is no corresponding reaction device for relevant research, and as shown in fig. 5, the catalyst layer 8 and the discharge space 21 of the existing catalytic reaction device are at the same height, and ions generated in the discharge area cannot be captured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a catalytic reactor, a catalyst charging research instrument and a use method thereof, wherein a catalyst layer is disposed downstream of a discharge space, which is advantageous in that the apparatus can be used as a plasma catalytic reactor, and the influence of the faraday cup disposed below the catalyst layer on the charging characteristics of the catalyst and the influence of ions and electrons on the performance of the catalyst can be researched.
A catalytic reaction device comprises a gas mixer, a reactor and an electric furnace, wherein the reactor comprises a reaction tube, a first electrode and a second electrode, the reaction tube is provided with a first gas inlet and a gas outlet, the first gas inlet is connected with the gas mixer through a vent pipe, a discharge area and a catalyst layer are sequentially arranged in the reaction tube according to the gas flowing direction, and the electric furnace provides the temperature required by catalytic reaction for the catalyst layer; the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode forms the discharge region. Reaction gas and protective gas enter through the gas inlet, and are discharged from the gas outlet of the reactor after passing through the discharge region and the catalyst layer; in the discharge area, when gas in the reaction tube is discharged, a large amount of active chemical substances such as various ions and electrons are generated, and the active chemical substances reach the catalyst layer along with the gas flow to perform chemical reaction so as to remove VOCs and NOXPM, etc.
Preferably, the reaction tube is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings at two ends, the first electrode is fixedly arranged in the quartz tube through the insulating sealing fittings, and the first electrode is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply through a first metal wire; the cross section of the second electrode is annular, the second electrode is fixedly sleeved outside the quartz tube through a movable metal ring, and the second electrode is grounded through a second metal wire. The metal ring is a little bigger than the quartz tube, can move up and down, and also can just fix the second electrode, and the second electrode can be conveniently fixed and replaced by using the movable metal ring.
Preferably, the device further comprises an oscilloscope, wherein the oscilloscope is connected with a first voltage probe and a first current probe, the first voltage probe is electrically connected with the first metal wire, and the first current probe is electrically connected with the second metal wire.
Preferably, the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 1mm to 1000mm (i.e. the width of the cross section of the discharge region); the voltage peak value of the high-voltage power supply is between 1kV and 10kV, and the voltage waveform is in a pulse shape; the distance between the catalyst layer and the discharge region is 1mm to 1000mm (the distance between the top surface of the catalyst layer (the top of the uppermost catalyst pellet) and the bottom surface of the discharge region).
Preferably, the first electrode is made of metal, the first electrode is solid or hollow, the cross section of the first electrode is circular, oval, triangular or polygonal, and the material of the first electrode is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy; when the first electrode is hollow, the exposed end can be connected with a high-voltage power supply through gas; the second electrode is formed by winding a metal sheet, a metal mesh and/or a wrinkled metal sheet around the outer wall of the reaction tube for one circle, and the second electrode is made of iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the catalyst type of the catalyst is a metal catalyst loaded on a carrier, wherein the metal component is an active component of the metal catalyst, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises alumina, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, diatomite, a molecular sieve or resin; the metal component comprises at least one of a noble metal, a base metal, an alkali metal, and a rare earth metal; the noble metal comprises at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium; the base metal comprises at least one of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium; the alkali metal comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; rare earth metals include cerium metal; the catalyst layer is 3-5 cm high, the lower portion of the catalyst layer is fixed through quartz wool or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls or quartz balls or glass balls.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the catalyst is 20-800 ℃; the catalyst is a solid.
The invention also provides a catalyst electrification research instrument for detecting the electrification characteristic of the catalyst by utilizing the Faraday cup, which comprises the catalytic reaction device, wherein the Faraday cup is arranged at the downstream of the catalyst layer in the reaction pipe along the gas flowing direction. The Faraday cup examines the charge characteristics of the catalyst by detecting the amount of ionic charge in the presence or absence of the catalyst.
Preferably, the faraday cup is connected with a third metal wire, the third metal wire is provided with a resistor, the third metal wire is electrically connected with the second metal wire, the oscilloscope is provided with a second voltage probe and a second current probe, the second voltage probe is electrically connected with the resistor, and the second current probe is electrically connected with the third metal wire; the first electrode is hollow, a second air inlet is formed in the first electrode, the reaction tube is provided with a first air inlet, the first electrode is detachably mounted in the reaction tube, and the lower end of the first electrode is higher than the catalyst layer; the Faraday cup is in a shape of a porous cylinder and is made of metal with lower resistivity; the Faraday cup is made of porous metal with the diameter of 8-10 mm; the Faraday cup is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, calcium, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, iridium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, indium, iron or platinum.
The invention also provides a using method of the catalyst electrification research instrument, which is characterized in that the voltage and the current of the Faraday cups are respectively measured when the catalyst layer has the catalyst and does not have the catalyst, the ion quantity obtained by the Faraday cups twice is obtained, and the ion quantity adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst is calculated according to the difference value of the ion quantity and the ion quantity;
measuring the voltage and current of the Faraday cup when the catalyst layer has the catalyst, and the steps are as follows:
1) the part of the reactor, where the catalyst is placed, is placed in an electric furnace, and the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction is regulated and controlled between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply and a grounding wire through the first metal lead and the second metal lead; the voltage waveforms applied by the high-voltage power supply are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second gas inlet is filled with reaction gas, the first gas inlet is filled with protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+Residual ions reach the Faraday cup along with the airflow after passing through the catalyst layer, and are collected and detected by the Faraday cup; the rest gas is discharged through the gas outlet;
measuring the voltage and current of the Faraday cup when the catalyst layer is free of the catalyst, and the steps are as follows:
1) preparing the reactor without a catalyst in a catalyst layer, placing the part of the reactor, where the catalyst is originally placed, in an electric furnace, and regulating and controlling the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction at 50-800 ℃; the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply and a grounding wire through the first metal lead and the second metal lead; the voltage waveforms applied by the high-voltage power supply are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second air inlet does not feed in reaction gas, the first air inlet feeds in protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+The air flow reaches the Faraday cup, and the air flow is collected and detected by the Faraday cup; the rest gas passes throughAnd the air outlet is used for discharging.
Has the advantages that:
1) the catalytic reaction device of the invention arranges the catalyst layer at the downstream of the discharge space (discharge area), namely the catalytic reaction device can be used as an ion catalytic reaction device to promote the catalytic reaction and remove VOCs and NOXPM, etc. can also be made into the catalyst electrification research instrument by placing a Faraday cup at the downstream of the catalyst layer, the preparation is simple, the cost is low, and the two devices can be replaced at any time.
2) When the catalyst electrification research instrument is used, a discharge space is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode through a high-voltage power supply, and N is generated by discharging reaction gas nitrogen or helium2 +Or He+(ii) a When no catalyst is in the reaction tube, the ions flow into the Faraday cup along with the airflow to release charges to the Faraday cup, and the generation characteristics of the ions are obtained by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup; when a catalyst is arranged in the reaction tube, ions flow to the catalyst layer along with the airflow, and the residual ions release charges to the Faraday cup in the Faraday cup, the generation characteristic of the ions is obtained by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup, and the deposition characteristic of the ions on the surface of the catalyst is obtained by the ion amount obtained by twice Faraday cups.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a catalytic reaction apparatus for promoting a catalytic reaction by plasma discharge according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the reactor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an apparatus for investigating the electrification of a catalyst according to example 2, in which a Faraday cup is used to detect the electrification characteristics of the catalyst;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main structure of a reactor section according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a conventional reactor structure.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a gas mixer, 2, a first gas inlet, 3, a second metal wire, 4, a first metal wire, 5, a second gas inlet, 6, a first electrode, 7, a second electrode, 8, a catalyst layer, 9, a gas outlet, 10, an electric furnace, 11, a reaction tube, 12, a high-voltage power supply, 13, an oscilloscope, 14, a first voltage probe, 15, a first current probe, 16, a grounding wire, 17, a second voltage probe, 18, a second current probe, 19, a resistor, 20, a third metal wire, 21, a discharge area, 22, a Faraday cup, 23 and an insulating sealing fitting; 24. quartz wool; 25. a metal ring.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a catalytic reaction device, that is, a catalytic reaction device for promoting catalytic reaction by plasma discharge, includes a gas mixer 1, a reactor, an electric furnace 10, a high voltage power supply 12 and an oscilloscope 13, wherein the reactor includes a reaction tube 11, a first electrode 6 and a second electrode 7, the reaction tube 11 is provided with a first gas inlet 2 and a gas outlet 9, the first gas inlet 2 is connected with the gas mixer 1 through a vent pipe, a discharge area 21 (also called as a discharge space) and a catalyst layer 8 are sequentially arranged in the reaction tube 11 according to a gas flowing direction, and the electric furnace 10 provides a temperature required by catalytic reaction for the catalyst layer 8. The reaction tube 11 is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings 23 at two ends, a first electrode 6 is fixedly arranged in the quartz tube through the insulating sealing fittings 23, and the first electrode 6 is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 through a first metal wire 4; a movable metal ring is sleeved outside the quartz tube, the second electrode 7 fixedly surrounds the quartz tube for a circle through the movable metal ring 25, namely the second electrode 7 is wound around the quartz tube to form a ring-shaped cross section and is fixed through the movable metal ring 25 (capable of moving up and down outside the quartz tube), so that the second electrode 7 and the first electrode 6 can be coaxial, and the second electrode 7 is grounded through the second metal lead 3; a discharge area 21 is formed between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7, the oscilloscope 13 is connected with a first voltage probe 14 and a first current probe 15, the first voltage probe 14 is electrically connected with the first metal lead 4, and the first current probe 15 is electrically connected with the second metal lead 3.
The first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 may be made of iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, graphite, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy. In this embodiment, the first electrode 6 is made of stainless steel, and the second electrode 7 is made of aluminum. The distance between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 is 1mm to 1000mm, that is, the width of the cross section (in the form of a ring) of the discharge region 21 formed is 1mm to 1000 mm; the cross section of the first electrode 6 is circular and is made of metal, the first electrode 6 can be solid or hollow, in this embodiment, the solid first electrode 6 is used, the outer diameter of the first electrode 6 is 6 mm, and the length of the first electrode 6 is 26 cm; the cross section of the second electrode 7 is annular, and the quartz tube (i.e. the reaction tube 11) is wrapped by a metal sheet, a metal mesh or a wrinkled metal sheet, and the metal sheet is adopted in the embodiment, and the thickness is 0.1 mm-1 mm.
In practical use, the first electrode 6 is connected with the first metal wire 4, the second electrode 7 is connected with the second metal wire 3, the other ends of the first metal wire 4 and the second metal wire 3 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16, the high-voltage power supply 12 outputs voltage, the output voltage waveform of the high-voltage power supply 12 is in a pulse shape, and the voltage peak value is between 1kV and 10 kV; the voltage and current of the discharge area 21 are detected by the first voltage probe 14 and the first current probe 15, and the result is displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope 13.
The catalyst type of the catalyst layer 8 is a metal catalyst loaded on a carrier, wherein the metal component is an active component of the metal catalyst, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises alumina, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, diatomite, a molecular sieve or resin; the metal component includes at least one of a noble metal, a base metal, an alkali metal, and a rare earth metal; wherein the noble metal comprises at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium; the base metal comprises at least one of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium; the alkali metal comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; the rare earth metal includes cerium metal. The thickness, namely the height, of the catalyst layer 8 is 3-5 cm, the lower part of the catalyst layer 8 is fixed through quartz wool 24 or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls or quartz balls or glass balls; the catalyst is spherical, when the device is used, the first electrode 6 is directly inserted into the catalyst layer 8 (or not inserted into the catalyst layer 8, depending on the conditions required by the experiment), the catalyst (the catalyst is particles) is placed in the gap between the first electrode 6 and the reaction tube 11 (the quartz tube) and is just clamped between the first electrode 6 and the reaction tube 11, and the lower end of the catalyst is tightly plugged by quartz wool 24 or glass wool, so that the catalyst layer 8 can be well arranged in the reaction tube 11; the fixing by means of the balls is carried out in such a manner that the balls are filled up to the bottom of the reaction tube 11 and the catalyst is placed above the balls. The fixing manner of the catalyst layer 8 depends on the conditions required for the experiment.
The using method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps in practical use:
1. the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3 respectively.
2. High voltage is output by a high-voltage power supply 12 and is loaded on the first electrode 6, so that an electric field is formed in a discharge area 21 between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7, the applied voltage waveforms are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of a common voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV.
3. Mixed gas containing VOCs (the mixed gas comprises reaction gas and protective gas, the reaction gas comprises waste gas containing VOCs to be purified and oxygen (the reaction gas can contain liquid, namely reaction including but not limited to gas), and the protective gas is nitrogen or helium), the mixed gas is discharged through the discharge area 21 to generate electrons and ions, and the electrons and ions can oxidize and decompose pollutants into harmless small molecules under the action of a catalyst.
4. The purified gas is discharged through the gas outlet 9.
The principle is as follows:
the mixed gas enters the reactor through the first gas inlet 2, and the gas is formed through the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7And a discharge area 21 for generating an active material such as ions after discharge, wherein nitrogen or helium gas generates electrons and N by discharge2 +Or He+，O2Generating energetic oxygen atoms and forming O by discharge3Etc. of active substance, wherein O3Can directly oxidize and decompose partial harmful substances, other active substances flow to the catalyst layer 8 along with the gas to further react, and pollutants such as VOCs and the like can be decomposed into CO under the action of the catalyst2、H2And O and other harmless substances, so that the purpose of removing pollutants is achieved, and finally, the purpose of removing pollutants is achieved by the catalytic reaction device for promoting catalytic reaction through plasma discharge.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3-4, an apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification by using a faraday cup to detect the electrification characteristic of a catalyst is improved based on example 1, a faraday cup 22 is added at the downstream of a catalyst layer 8 of a reaction tube 11, the faraday cup 22 is connected with a third metal wire 20, the third metal wire 20 is connected with a resistor 19, a second voltage probe 17 on an oscilloscope 13 is electrically connected with the resistor 19, a second current probe 18 is electrically connected with the third metal wire 20, a hollow first electrode 6 is used and the lower end is higher than the catalyst layer 8, the lower end of the catalyst layer 8 is fixed by quartz wool 24 or glass wool, namely, the catalyst is placed on the quartz wool 24 or glass wool, and the quartz wool 24 or glass wool is plugged in the reaction tube 11, or the catalyst can be fixed by a ball (the ball is a ceramic ball or a quartz ball or a glass ball) according to the required conditions of an experiment, the fixing method by ball is that the ball is filled to the bottom of the reaction tube 11, the catalyst is placed above the ball, and the second air inlet 5 exposed at the outer end (upper end) can be introduced with gas and connected with a high-voltage power supply.
The using method comprises the following steps:
when in specific use, the method comprises the following steps:
the voltage and current of faraday cup 22 are measured with catalyst in catalyst layer 8, as follows:
1) the part of the reactor where the catalyst is placed in an electric furnace 10, and the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction is regulated and controlled between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3; the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply 12 is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second gas inlet 5 is filled with reaction gas, the first gas inlet 2 is filled with protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through a discharge area2 +Or He+. Since the gas introduced through the first gas inlet 2 passes through the discharge region and the gas introduced through the second gas inlet 5 does not pass through the discharge reaction, when the influence of a single ion needs to be considered, the first gas inlet 2 introduces the shielding gas (the shielding gas is nitrogen or helium), the second gas inlet 5 introduces the reaction gas, and the ion (N) can be inspected2 +Or He+) The influence of other ions on the experiment is avoided.
3）、N2 +Or He+After the air flow passes through the catalyst layer 8, the residual ions reach the Faraday cup 22 and are collected and detected by the Faraday cup 22; the rest gas is discharged through a gas outlet 9;
the voltage and current of faraday cup 22 were measured in the absence of catalyst in catalyst layer 8 by the following steps:
1) preparing a reactor with a catalyst layer 8 not containing a catalyst, placing the part of the reactor originally containing the catalyst (and the same part of the position where the catalyst is located when the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup 22 when the catalyst layer 8 contains the catalyst are measured) in an electric furnace 10, and regulating and controlling the reaction temperature between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3; the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply 12 is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second air inlet 5 does not feed reaction gas, the first air inlet 2 feeds protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through a discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+As the airflow reaches faraday cup 22, it is captured and detected by faraday cup 22; the rest gas is discharged through the gas outlet 9.
Principle of
The gas passing through the apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification in this example may be N2Or He, N2Or He generates electrons and N by discharging2 +Or He+The amount of ions captured and detected by faraday cup 22 as the gas flows toward faraday cup 22, and thus the present invention can be used to measure plasma generated ions. In this embodiment, the apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification measures the voltage and current of the faraday cup 22 when the catalyst layer 8 has a catalyst and does not have a catalyst, respectively, to obtain the ion amount obtained by the faraday cup 22 twice, and calculates the ion amount adsorbed on the catalyst surface by the difference between the two ion amounts.
Specifically, a discharge space, namely a discharge area 21 is formed between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 through a high-voltage power supply 12, and N is generated by discharging nitrogen or helium serving as reaction gas2 +Or He+(ii) a When no catalyst is in the reaction tube 11, the ions flow into the Faraday cup 22 along with the airflow to release charges to the Faraday cup 22, and the generation characteristics of the ions are obtained by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup 22; when a catalyst is present in the reaction tube 11, ions remaining after flowing to the catalyst layer 8 along with the gas flow release charges to the faraday cup 22 in the faraday cup 22, the generation characteristic (ion amount) of the ions is obtained by detecting the voltage and current of the faraday cup 22, and finally the ion amount deposited on the surface of the catalyst, that is, the deposition characteristic of the ions on the surface of the catalyst, is obtained by making a difference between the ion amounts obtained by the secondary faraday cup.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A catalytic reaction device is characterized by comprising a gas mixer (1), a reactor and an electric furnace (10), wherein the reactor comprises a reaction tube (11), a first electrode (6) and a second electrode (7), the reaction tube (11) is provided with a first gas inlet (2) and a gas outlet (9), the first gas inlet (2) is connected with the gas mixer (1) through a vent pipe, a discharge area (21) and a catalyst layer (8) are sequentially arranged in the reaction tube (11) according to the gas flowing direction, and the electric furnace (10) provides the temperature required by catalytic reaction for the catalyst layer (8); a gap between the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) forms a discharge region (21).
2. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the reaction tube (11) is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings (23) at two ends, a first electrode (6) is fixedly arranged in the quartz tube through the insulating sealing fittings (23), and the first electrode (6) is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply (12) through a first metal lead (4); the cross section of the second electrode (7) is annular, the second electrode is fixedly sleeved outside the quartz tube through a movable metal ring (25), and the second electrode (7) is grounded through a second metal wire (3).
3. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 2, further comprising an oscilloscope (13), wherein the oscilloscope (13) is connected with a first voltage probe (14) and a first current probe (15), the first voltage probe (14) is electrically connected with the first metal wire (4), and the first current probe (15) is electrically connected with the second metal wire (3).
4. A catalytic reactor device according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) is 1mm to 1000 mm; the voltage peak value of the high-voltage power supply (12) is between 1kV and 10kV, and the voltage waveform is in a pulse shape; the distance between the catalyst layer (8) and the discharge region (21) is 1mm to 1000 mm.
5. A catalytic reactor device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first electrode (6) is made of metal, the first electrode (6) is solid or hollow, the cross-sectional shape of the first electrode (6) is circular, oval, triangular or polygonal, and the material is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy; when the first electrode (6) is hollow, the exposed end can be filled with gas and connected with a high-voltage power supply (12); the second electrode (7) is formed by winding a metal sheet, a metal mesh and/or a wrinkled metal sheet around the outer wall of the reaction tube (11) for one circle, and the material of the second electrode (7) is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy.
6. The catalytic reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst species of the catalyst layer (8) is a metal catalyst supported on a carrier, wherein the metal component is an active component thereof, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises alumina, titania, silica, diatomaceous earth, a molecular sieve or a resin; the metal component includes at least one of a noble metal, a base metal, an alkali metal, and a rare earth metal; the noble metal comprises at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium; the base metal comprises at least one of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium; the alkali metal comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; the rare earth metal includes cerium; the height of the catalyst layer (8) is 3-5 cm, the lower part of the catalyst layer (8) is fixed by quartz wool (24) or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls or quartz balls or glass balls.
7. The catalytic reaction device of claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the catalyst is 20 ℃ to 800 ℃; the catalyst is a solid.
8. An apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification by using a faraday cup to detect an electrification characteristic of a catalyst, comprising the catalytic reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a faraday cup (22) is provided in the reaction tube (11) downstream of the catalyst layer (8) in a gas flow direction.
9. The apparatus for researching catalyst electrification according to claim 8, wherein a third metal wire (20) is connected to the faraday cup (22), the third metal wire (20) is provided with a resistor (19), the third metal wire (20) is electrically connected to the second metal wire (3), the oscilloscope (13) is provided with a second voltage probe (17) and a second current probe (18), the second voltage probe (17) is electrically connected to the resistor (19), and the second current probe (18) is electrically connected to the third metal wire (20); the first electrode (6) is hollow, the first electrode (6) is provided with a second air inlet (5), the reaction tube (11) is provided with a first air inlet (2), the first electrode (6) is detachably arranged in the reaction tube (11), and the lower end of the first electrode is higher than the catalyst layer (8); the Faraday cup (22) is in the shape of a porous cylinder and is made of metal with lower resistance (19) rate; the Faraday cup (22) is made of porous metal with the diameter of 8-10 mm; the Faraday cup (22) is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, calcium, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, iridium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, indium, iron or platinum.
10. A method for using the apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification according to claim 9, wherein the voltage and current of the faraday cup (22) are measured in the presence and absence of the catalyst in the catalyst layer (8), respectively, to obtain the ion amount obtained by the faraday cup (22) twice, and the ion amount adsorbed on the catalyst surface is calculated from the difference between the two ion amounts;
measuring the voltage and current of the faraday cup (22) when the catalyst layer (8) has catalyst, the steps are as follows:
1) the part of the reactor, where the catalyst is placed, is placed in an electric furnace (10), and the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction is regulated and controlled between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply (12) and the grounding wire (16) through a first metal lead (4) and a second metal lead (3); the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply (12) is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) reaction gas is introduced into the second gas inlet (5), protective gas is introduced into the first gas inlet (2), the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the overdischarge area (21)2 +Or He+；
3）、N2 +Or He+After the air flow passes through the catalyst layer (8), the residual ions reach the Faraday cup (22) and are collected and detected by the Faraday cup (22); the rest gas is discharged through a gas outlet (9);
measuring the voltage and current of the Faraday cup (22) when the catalyst layer (8) is free of catalyst by the following steps:
1) preparing a reactor without a catalyst in the catalyst layer (8), putting the part of the reactor originally containing the catalyst in an electric furnace (10), and regulating and controlling the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction at 50-800 ℃; the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply (12) and the grounding wire (16) through a first metal lead (4) and a second metal lead (3); the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply (12) is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second air inlet (5) does not feed reaction gas, the first air inlet (2) feeds protective gas which is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the overdischarge area (21)2 +Or He+；
3）、 N2 +Or He+Collecting and detecting by the Faraday cup (22) along with the air flow reaching the Faraday cup (22); the rest gas is discharged through a gas outlet (9).
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