CN111614368A

CN111614368A - Maritime multipurpose communication terminal

Info

Publication number: CN111614368A
Application number: CN202010243293.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙杰; 杨龙; 刘柳; 周文涛
Original assignee: Southwest Electronic Technology Institute No 10 Institute of Cetc
Current assignee: CETC 10 Research Institute; Southwest Electronic Technology Institute No 10 Institute of Cetc
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2020-03-31
Publication date: 2020-09-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-31
Also published as: CN111614368B

Abstract

The invention discloses a maritime multipurpose communication terminal, and aims to provide a communication terminal which is good in compatibility and can realize high-reliability communication in different frequency bands. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: each antenna module is connected with a channel module through a correspondingly connected transceiving module, the channel module is connected with a baseband module and a navigation module, each antenna module is connected with the channel module through a respective pipeline, wave beams aiming at a satellite are switched through a connected self-adaptive switch, signals of satellite communication and navigation signals are uniformly transceived, an L-S frequency band broadband antenna unit is selected to receive or transmit different signals from the satellite, the channel module transmits the different signals into the same baseband module through a digital TR chip connected with a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, meanwhile, the receiving channel transmits the navigation signals into a navigation receiver through a power divider, the same baseband module completes satellite signals and baseband processing of the navigation signals, and multi-purpose transceiving of different frequency bands is realized.

Description

Maritime multipurpose communication terminal

Technical Field

The invention relates to an offshore multipurpose communication terminal which can be arranged on carrier platforms such as ocean buoys, ships and unmanned aerial vehicles. The communication terminal designed by the design method can realize communication among a plurality of same communication terminals and satellite communication. The communication terminal is suitable for being installed on carrier platforms such as ocean buoys, ships and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Background

The number of marine vessels is large, the voice and data between the marine vessels or between the vessels and the land and the multimedia communication technology such as a wide area network are enhanced, the improvement of the safety of marine operation is facilitated, the work efficiency and the work level of marine operation are ensured, the information highway is inevitably extended to the sea, and the communication means used by the marine vessels at present mainly comprise radio stations, ultra-small earth station VSAT satellite terminals, satellite mobile phones and the like. These approaches have the following disadvantages: a communication blind area exists; the error rate is high; the ship is designed and installed with a voice and data product with comprehensive functions and built-in functions to improve the communication means of the existing ship, and is an excellent maritime communication solution. The maritime wireless communication system can provide medium and long distance communication coverage and is widely applied to maritime wireless communication. At present, the maritime wireless transmission communication mode is mainly divided into five types, namely maritime digital microwave communication, maritime short-wave communication, ultrashort-wave communication, maritime very-high-frequency communication and maritime satellite communication: the marine short wave and ultrashort wave digital microwave communication with the frequency of 2.4GHz is adopted, and the marine short wave and ultrashort wave digital microwave communication system is flexible in networking, small in size and low in power consumption, is suitable for a marine communication system between a shipborne base station and an underwater sound buoy, and is always in the dominant position of ocean communication. However, the maritime communication using the short-wave frequency is seriously affected by the fluctuation of the ionized layer and the atmospheric interference, and the communication quality and reliability are not high. And the coverage is small. In order to overcome the influence of marine short-wave time-varying fading and limited bandwidth, most marine short-wave communication systems adopt an adaptive technology to overcome the influence of marine short-wave time-varying fading and limited bandwidth. However, as the number of ship short-wave communication devices increases, short-wave frequency resources are more and more tense, and the mutual interference is more and more serious. With the gradual increase of marine activities, the existing short wave/ultra-short wave networks cannot completely meet the requirements of marine emergency communication. The offshore VHF communication is an important communication means in offshore mobile wireless communication, is used for offshore short-distance communication, has an operating frequency band of 156-174MHz, and belongs to a VHF frequency band. The method is operated completely in a manual mode, has very low efficiency, and is very likely to cause danger under the condition that effective communication cannot be carried out. The maritime satellite communication system is a modern high-tech maritime communication system integrating a maritime satellite and a GPS (global positioning system), and can effectively realize maritime communication. A maritime satellite (Inmarsat) communication system is generally composed of a maritime satellite, a ground station, and a terminal. The shore station is a ground transfer station for satellite communication. The ship station is a maritime user station and is arranged on a sailing oil tanker, a passenger ship, a commercial ship and a maritime floating platform. The antennas of the ship station are provided with a stable platform and a tracking mechanism, so that the antennas can always point to the satellite when the ship is in fluctuation and inclination. The maritime ship can transmit the communication signal to a maritime satellite on the earth geostationary satellite orbit by the ship station according to the requirement, the communication signal is transmitted to the shore station by the satellite, and the shore station realizes the intercommunication with users on land and land around the world through a ground communication network or an international satellite communication network connected with the shore station. The maritime satellite is widely used for telephone, telegraph, telex and data transmission services, and also has rescue and navigation services. The system transmits the data of the ship course, speed, position and the like to the shore station at any time and stores the data in an electronic computer of a shore station control center, so that once the ship is in distress at sea or an emergency happens on the ship, the shore station can quickly determine the specific position of the sea area where the ship is located and organize rescue in time. This system can also navigate marine vessels.

Typical maritime wireless communications in the world today include NAVTEX systems, PACTOR systems, telencer systems, and Automatic Identification Systems (AISs) for ships. The NAVTEX system is an intermediate-frequency marine safety information direct printing service system, and directly prints meteorological early warning information, emergency marine announcement, navigation data and the like for marine users within 370km distance offshore. The NAVTEX system uses FSK modulation scheme, mainly using 518kHz frequency band to broadcast English information, while the NAVTEX system for other languages works at 490kHz frequency band. The NAVTEX system uses a simple and direct narrowband direct printing service mode, has low cost and is widely applied, but cannot provide other service information and cannot acquire instant information of a user.

The PACTOR system also employs a high frequency system of FSK modulation scheme that allows users to receive and transmit digital information in the form of electronic mail in a time division duplex manner. In 2010, the international telecommunication union radio communication group (ITU-R) proposed 3 high frequency radio systems and data transmission protocols for maritime communication, with 3 systems each employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing to improve spectral efficiency. Another important system based on the PACTOR protocol communication mechanism is IPBC (Internet protocol for boat communications), wherein the lower frequency band (4-8 MHz) is used when the IPBC system covers the offshore range (40-250 nautical miles), and the higher frequency band (8-26 MHz) is used in the open sea area exceeding 200 nautical miles. Unfortunately, the data delay of the above two systems is large, and real-time services cannot be transmitted.

The Telener system works in a very high frequency band and provides digital radio services for ships. The system base stations are distributed in Norwegian coastal areas 70 nautical miles away from a coastline, support data rates of 28.8kbps or 43.2kbps, and adopt a Carrier Sense Time Division Multiple Access (CSTDMA) mode for multiple access.

The AIS system is a ship-borne broadcast answering device and works in a VHF frequency band. In the AIS communication process, 1 second is divided into 2250 slots, each of which is approximately 26.67 ms. With the slot selection algorithm, each user only sends messages in its own slot. At present, AIS is also widely applied to real-time working scenes such as ship monitoring, maritime search and rescue, ship obstacle avoidance, navigation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a marine multipurpose communication terminal which is small in size, light in weight, good in compatibility, capable of achieving high-reliability communication of multiple functions such as communication between terminals, satellite-to-satellite communication and navigation by the same equipment and achieving good communication quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a marine multipurpose communication terminal, which comprises a hollow polyhedral pyramid antenna base 1, an antenna module 2 fixed on the isosceles trapezoid surface of the terrace of the polyhedral pyramid antenna base 1 and an antenna module 2 on the frustum thereof, a baseband module 4 and a navigation module 5 arranged in a distributed manner surrounding each polygonal rectangular side of the terrace at the lower part of the polyhedron and being hollow, and is characterized in that: each antenna module 2 occupies one face, each antenna module 2 is connected with a channel module 3 through respective pipelines, the channel module 3 is connected with a baseband module 4 and a navigation module 5 through a receiving channel and a transmitting channel which are correspondingly connected, each antenna module 2 is always aligned with the wave beam of the satellite through the switching of an adaptive switch connected, the signal of satellite communication and navigation signal are received and transmitted uniformly, the L-S frequency band broadband antenna unit is selected to receive or transmit different signals from the satellite, the channel module sends the different signals to the same baseband module 4 through a digital TR chip connected with a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, meanwhile, the receiving channel sends the navigation signal to the navigation receiver through a power divider, and the same baseband module 4 completes satellite signals and baseband processing of the navigation signal, so that multipurpose transceiving of different frequency bands is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

The body is small and the weight is light. The invention adopts the structure that the antenna is fixedly connected with the polyhedral pyramid antenna pedestal, the plurality of antenna modules are respectively arranged on different planes of the polyhedral pyramid, and the antenna modules are connected with the baseband module through the channel module, so the device has small volume, light weight, simple installation, low cost and high cost performance. Communication satellites that may be supported include: a Beidou satellite short message system, an Tiantong satellite system, a swan goose satellite system (L frequency band), an iridescent cloud satellite system (L frequency band) and the like. Navigation satellites that may be supported include: a beidou satellite navigation system, a gps (global Position system) satellite navigation system, and the like. The device is suitable for ocean fluctuation environment and has good practicability and safety.

Has good compatibility. The invention realizes the communication to other same communication terminals and the communication to a satellite through the same antenna module; in the frequency band of the satellite navigation signal, the antenna module can select the L-S frequency band broadband antenna unit, and can simultaneously receive or send the communication signal to other same terminals, the communication signal to the satellite and receive the navigation signal. The communication to other same terminals, the communication to a satellite and the receiving of satellite navigation signals can be realized through the same antenna module; when the wireless signal transceiver works, only one or a plurality of antenna modules work each time to complete the transceiving of wireless signals. The antenna module transmits and receives signals to and from other identical communication terminals, signals for satellite communication, and navigation signals. The same baseband processing module is used for completing the baseband processing of other same communication terminal signals, satellite communication signals and navigation signals, so that the system has good compatibility.

The reliability is high. The invention adopts a receiving channel and a transmitting channel which are correspondingly connected in a channel module, the receiving channel and the transmitting channel send the signals into a baseband module through a digital TR chip, meanwhile, the receiving channel sends navigation signals into a navigation receiver through a power divider, the same baseband processing module finishes the baseband processing of the navigation signals and other same communication terminal signals, satellite communication signals and other same communication terminal signals, a plurality of antenna modules are switched in a self-adaptive mode to realize that beams are always aligned with satellites, one antenna module is composed of two antenna units, the two antenna units respectively finish the receiving and the transmitting of wireless signals, good communication quality is realized, and the communication with multiple functions and high reliability such as the communication between terminals, the satellite communication, the navigation and the like is finished by the same device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a typical schematic diagram of the marine multipurpose communication terminal of the present invention in L-S frequency band;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of one antenna element of the antenna module of fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention for a marine multipurpose communication terminal of Ka band;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an embodiment of the invention for an L-S, Ka multiband marine multipurpose communication terminal;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of fig. 7.

In the figure: the antenna comprises a polyhedral conical antenna pedestal antenna module, a polyhedral conical antenna pedestal antenna module 2, an antenna module, a channel module 3, a baseband module 4, a navigation module 5, a 6L-S frequency band antenna module and a 7Ka frequency band antenna module.

Detailed Description

In a preferred embodiment described below, a marine multipurpose communication terminal includes: the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna modules, a channel module comprising one or more switches, and a baseband module connected with the antenna modules through the channel module; wherein: the overall shape of the terminal is a polyhedral pyramid antenna pedestal, antenna modules are arranged on the upper part of the polyhedral pyramid, each antenna module occupies one surface, the lower part of the polyhedral pyramid is hollow, and a channel module and a baseband module are arranged in the polyhedral pyramid. Each antenna module is switched in a self-adaptive mode to realize that the wave beams are always aligned to satellites or other terminals of the same type, different signals from the satellites or the terminals are received or sent at the same time, the signals enter and exit the same baseband module through the channel module, and the same baseband module finishes baseband processing of signals of other terminals, satellite signals and different signals.

Example 1

See fig. 1-3. In the preferred embodiment described below, a marine multipurpose communication terminal has a hollow polyhedral pyramid antenna base 1, an antenna module 2 fixed on the isosceles trapezoidal surface of the terrace of the polyhedral pyramid antenna base 1 and an antenna module 2 on the frustum thereof, a baseband module 4 and a navigation module 5 arranged in a hollow polyhedral surrounding manner around each polygonal rectangular side of the terrace at the lower part of the polyhedron. Each antenna module 2 occupies one face, each antenna module 2 is connected with a channel module 3 through respective pipelines, the channel module 3 is connected with a baseband module 4 and a navigation module 5 through a receiving channel and a transmitting channel which are correspondingly connected, each antenna module 2 is always aligned with the wave beam of the satellite through the switching of an adaptive switch connected, the signal of satellite communication and navigation signal are received and transmitted uniformly, the L-S frequency band broadband antenna unit is selected to receive or transmit different signals from the satellite, the channel module sends the different signals to the same baseband module 4 through a digital TR chip connected with a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, meanwhile, the receiving channel sends the navigation signal to the navigation receiver through a power divider, and the same baseband module 4 completes satellite signals and baseband processing of the navigation signal, so that multipurpose transceiving of different frequency bands is realized.

In an alternative embodiment, each antenna module comprises an antenna unit capable of simultaneously receiving or transmitting communication signals for other same terminals, satellite communication signals, and L-S band broadband receiving navigation signals of the navigation module 5.

The antenna unit is formed by cross-linking a pair of cross butterfly-shaped oscillators shown in fig. 3, and one antenna module selects a pair of cross butterfly-shaped antenna units for coupling feeding, only the antenna unit works each time, and one antenna module completes the receiving and transmitting of wireless signals.

All the antenna modules can be the same in structure, or different antenna modules can be different in structure, and the different antenna modules are composed of antenna units or antenna arrays; the number of the antenna units contained in one antenna module can be one or two, when one antenna unit is contained, the one antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, when two antenna units are contained, the two antenna units are used for respectively receiving and transmitting the wireless signals, and only two antenna modules work at each time; the antenna module may be an antenna module formed by one antenna array and one antenna array for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, or may be an antenna module formed by two antenna arrays, and the two antenna arrays respectively receive and transmit wireless signals, and only one antenna module works at a time.

See fig. 4. Each antenna module 2 is connected with a channel module 3, a baseband module 4 and a navigation module 5 in sequence through respective corresponding L-S frequency band antenna units.

The channel module includes: a duplexer, a receiving channel switch, a power divider, an operational amplifier and a receiving channel filter, wherein the receiving channel bridge is sequentially connected in series; the transmitting channel filter comprises an operational amplifier, a transmitting channel switch, a duplexer, a bridge circuit and a digital TR component, wherein the operational amplifier, the transmitting channel switch, the duplexer and the bridge circuit are sequentially connected in series, the digital TR component is connected with the common end of the transmitting channel filter and the receiving channel filter, the digital TR component completes digital-to-analog conversion on a transmitting signal, and the transmitting signal passes through the transmitting channel switch, the duplexer and the bridge circuit and is transmitted to an antenna signal through an L-S frequency.

The respective switches on the receiving and transmitting channels are cross-connected with the receiving channel duplexer and the transmitting channel switch, the antenna units are selected, and only one antenna unit is gated at a time, so that the selected antenna is always aligned to a target to be communicated. The receiving channel change-over switch is connected with the amplifier and the filter through the receiving channel power divider, amplifies and filters a receiving signal and then sends the signal into the digital TR component, performs digital-analog/analog conversion on the receiving signal, sends the receiving signal into the power divider after completing the analog-digital conversion to perform the power division, sends a signal flow after the power division into the navigation filter to be filtered, couples a filtering receiving signal into a navigation receiver of the navigation module 5, extracts a navigation signal in the receiving signal of the navigation filter by the navigation receiver, calculates position information from the navigation signal, and sends the received position information of the navigation signal to the baseband SOC chip, the baseband module 4 extracts a signal loaded to the digital TR component according to an antenna unit which is switched on by the change-over switch on a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, and the baseband SOC chip completes the multi-purpose transceiving of different frequency bands.

In an alternative embodiment, the antenna module 2 disposed on the frustum trapezoidal slope and the frustum plane of the polyhedral conic antenna pedestal 1 may be composed of 5L-S band antenna units connected to a bridge. The L-S frequency band antenna unit is connected with the duplexer through an electric bridge for realizing receiving and transmitting circular polarization, so that receiving and transmitting duplex is realized.

Example 2

See fig. 5. Aiming at a Ka frequency band, a channel module 3, a baseband module 4 and other modules are arranged in a polyhedral hollow body of a polyhedral cone antenna pedestal 1 with a hollow structure, an antenna module 2 is arranged on the surface of each surface of the polyhedral cone, each antenna module 2 consists of a Ka frequency band transmitting antenna array and a Ka frequency band receiving antenna array, one Ka frequency band transmitting antenna array or receiving antenna array consists of 8-16 antenna units, the transmitting array and the receiving array can adopt the same antenna units which are arranged at different intervals, and the antenna units in the embodiment can select micro-strip patch antenna units with electromagnetic coupling feed.

See fig. 6. The antenna module, the channel module, the baseband module and the navigation module are connected in sequence, and the signal flow direction is as shown by arrows in the figure. The channel module consists of a receiving channel, a transmitting channel and a digital TR component. The baseband module mainly comprises a baseband SOC chip.

The antenna module 1 and the antenna module 2 … form an antenna module group, each antenna module comprises a receiving and transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, and an array element of each antenna array is connected with a channel module. The channel module is connected with two groups of 4-channel phase-shifting chip sets of which the common ends are connected with a synthesis network and a power division network through a switch network communicated with the transmitting antenna array elements and the receiving antenna array elements on a Ka transmitting channel and a Ka receiving channel respectively, the synthesis network is connected with a down converter through a receiving channel, the two power division networks are connected with an upper frequency converter through a transmitting and receiving channel, and the down converter is connected with the upper frequency converter through a digital TR component to form a channel module 3; the channel module 3 is connected with the baseband module 4 through a digital TR component, the baseband module 4 is connected with the navigation module 5, the navigation module 5 is connected with the baseband SOC chip through a navigation receiver to realize the receiving of navigation signals and the extraction of position information, and the baseband SOC chip gates the antenna array according to the position information.

The two switching networks respectively select a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, only one antenna array is gated at a time, and channel selection of the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array is achieved.

The switch network amplifies, filters and phase-shifts the signal through an amplifier, a filter and a phase shifter respectively. The receiving channel is connected with a synthesis network, the transmitting channel is connected with a power division network to synthesize the signals of the receiving antenna array respectively, and the transmitting signals are sent to all antenna units of the transmitting antenna array. The synthesis network and the power division network are respectively connected to the digital TR component through a down converter and an up converter to perform digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital conversion on the signals, and the digital TR component is connected with the baseband SOC chip to finish the extraction and loading from the signals to the information.

Example 3

See fig. 7. Aiming at L-S, Ka multiband, the polyhedron frustum antenna seat 1 body with a hollow structure is internally provided with a channel module 3, a baseband module 4 and other modules. In this embodiment, the upper portion of the polyhedral conic antenna mount 1 includes n +1 mounting surfaces with a polygonal number, the polyhedral circumference of this embodiment includes 8 trapezoidal slopes and 1 top rectangular surface, totally 9 surfaces, wherein an L-S band antenna module 6 is installed on the surface of the frustum, and the L-S band antenna module 6 includes an L-S band antenna unit for simultaneously receiving or transmitting communication signals, satellite communication signals, and received navigation signals of the L-S band to other same terminals, and the L-S band antenna unit is formed by cross-linking a pair of cross-shaped butterfly oscillators shown in fig. 3. Each polyhedral trapezoidal surface on the upper part of the polyhedral pyramid antenna pedestal 1 is fixed with a Ka frequency band antenna module 7, and each Ka frequency band antenna module 7 comprises 8-16 Ka frequency band antenna units which can simultaneously receive or transmit communication signals of other same terminals and satellite communication signals of Ka frequency bands. The Ka frequency band antenna unit can select a microstrip patch antenna unit with electromagnetic coupling feed. Only one antenna module works at a time, and the receiving and the transmitting of the wireless signals are completed by the antenna module.

See fig. 8. Multi-band marine utility communication terminal, comprising: the antenna module comprises an L-S frequency band channel module, a Ka frequency band channel module, a baseband module and a navigation module, wherein the L-S frequency band channel module and the Ka frequency band channel module are connected with the antenna module, the baseband module and the navigation module are connected with the L-S frequency band channel module and the Ka frequency band channel module, 1L-S frequency band antenna unit 6 and 8 Ka frequency band antenna arrays are contained in the antenna module, the L-S frequency band antenna unit and the Ka frequency band antenna arrays respectively correspond to different channel modules, and one baseband module is shared.

The L-S frequency channel module comprises: the duplexer is connected with an L-S frequency band antenna unit to realize transceiving duplex, the duplexer is connected with a power divider, an amplifier and a filter in series through a receiving channel in sequence, the digital TR component is connected with the power divider through the filter and the amplifier which are connected in series through a transmitting channel in sequence, the L-S frequency band channel module is respectively connected with a navigation module and a baseband module through the power divider and the digital TR component, the power divider couples a receiving signal into the filter in the navigation module to carry out filtering and then sends the signal into a navigation receiver, and the digital TR component carries out digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital conversion on the signal and then inputs a digital baseband SOC in the baseband module to finish the extraction and loading of information from the signal.

The Ka frequency band antenna array 1 and the Ka frequency band antenna array 2 … Ka frequency band antenna array 8 in the antenna module realize receiving and transmitting duplex by respectively connecting a duplexer in series with each antenna unit, and are divided into two groups which are respectively connected with a receiving channel switch network and a transmitting channel switch network, and the receiving channel switch networks are respectively connected with a down converter through a synthesis network at the common end of two groups of 4-channel phase shifters; the transmitting channel switch network is respectively connected with an upper frequency converter through a power division network through the common end of two groups of 4-channel phase shifters, the upper frequency converter and the lower frequency converter are respectively connected with a Ka frequency band channel module through the selection of a digital TR component to an antenna array and the connection of a digital baseband SOC, the switch network is connected with an amplifier, a filter and a phase shifter after only one antenna array is gated at a time, and after signal amplification, filtering and phase shifting are respectively carried out, the receiving signals of the receiving antenna array are synthesized and transmitted to all antenna units of the transmitting antenna array through a synthesis network and a power division network which are respectively connected with a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, the synthesis network and the power division network are respectively connected to a digital TR component through a down converter and an up converter to perform digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital conversion on the signals, and extraction and loading from the signals to information are completed through a rear-connected digital baseband SOC. The navigation module mainly composed of a filter and a navigation receiver outputs position information to the digital baseband SOC, and the baseband SOC gates the antenna unit according to the position information of the navigation module, so that the navigation signal is received and the position information is extracted.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a marine multipurpose communication terminal, has a hollow polyhedron frustum antenna pedestal (1), fixes antenna module (2) on polyhedron frustum antenna pedestal (1) terrace with edges isosceles trapezoid face and antenna module (2) on the frustum thereof, around the each polygon rectangle limit of polyhedron lower part terrace with edges, cavity enclose into polyhedral distribution arrangement's baseband module (4) and navigation module (5), its characterized in that: each antenna module (2) occupies one surface, each antenna module (2) is connected with a channel module (3) through respective pipelines, the channel modules (3) are connected with a baseband module (4) and a navigation module (5) through a receiving channel and a transmitting channel which are correspondingly connected, each antenna module (2) switches wave beams which are always aligned to a satellite through a connected self-adaptive switch to uniformly receive and transmit signals and navigation signals of satellite communication, an L-S frequency band broadband antenna unit is selected to receive or transmit different signals from the satellite, the channel module sends the different signals to the same baseband module (4) through a digital TR chip which is connected with the receiving channel and the transmitting channel, the receiving channel sends the navigation signals to a navigation receiver through a power divider, and the same baseband module (4) completes satellite signals and baseband processing of the navigation signals, and multi-purpose transceiving of different frequency bands is realized.

2. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: each antenna module comprises an antenna unit which can simultaneously receive or send communication signals and satellite communication signals of other same terminals and receive navigation signals of a navigation module (5) in a frequency band from L to S, the antenna unit is formed by cross-linking a pair of cross butterfly-shaped oscillators, one antenna module selects a pair of cross butterfly-shaped antenna units for coupling feeding, only the antenna unit works each time, and one antenna module completes the receiving and the transmitting of wireless signals.

3. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: all the antenna modules form the same or different antenna modules, and the different antenna modules comprise antenna units or antenna arrays; the number of the antenna units contained in one antenna module is one or two, when one antenna unit is contained, the one antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, when two antenna units are contained, the two antenna units are used for respectively receiving and transmitting the wireless signals, only two antenna modules work at each time, and each antenna module 2 is sequentially connected with a channel module (3), a baseband module (4) and a navigation module (5) through the corresponding L-S frequency band antenna units.

4. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the channel module includes: a duplexer, a receiving channel switch, a power divider, an operational amplifier and a receiving channel filter, wherein the receiving channel bridge is sequentially connected in series; the transmitting channel filter comprises an operational amplifier, a transmitting channel switch, a duplexer, a bridge circuit and a digital TR component, wherein the operational amplifier, the transmitting channel switch, the duplexer and the bridge circuit are sequentially connected in series, the digital TR component is connected with the common end of the transmitting channel filter and the receiving channel filter, the digital TR component completes digital-to-analog conversion on a transmitting signal, and the transmitting signal passes through the transmitting channel switch, the duplexer and the bridge circuit and is transmitted to an antenna signal through an L-S frequency.

5. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the respective switches on the receiving channel and the transmitting channel are in cross connection with the receiving channel duplexer and the transmitting channel switch, the antenna units are selected, and only one antenna unit is gated at a time, so that the selected antenna is always aligned to a target to be communicated; the receiving channel change-over switch is connected with the amplifier and the filter through the receiving channel power divider, amplifies and filters a receiving signal and then sends the signal to the digital TR component, performs digital-to-analog/analog conversion on the receiving signal, sends the receiving signal to the power divider after completing the analog-to-digital conversion to perform power division, sends a signal flow after power division to the navigation filter for filtering, couples a filtering receiving signal to a navigation receiver of the navigation module (5), extracts a navigation signal in the receiving signal of the navigation filter by the navigation receiver, calculates position information from the navigation signal, and sends the received position information of the navigation signal to the baseband SOC chip, the baseband module (4) extracts a signal loaded to the digital TR component according to an antenna unit gated by the change-over switch on a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, and the baseband SOC chip completes multi-purpose transceiving of different frequency bands.

6. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: aiming at a Ka frequency band, a polyhedral hollow body of a polyhedral cone antenna pedestal (1) with a hollow structure is internally provided with a channel module (3), a baseband module (4) and other modules, the surface of each surface of the polyhedral cone is provided with an antenna module (2), each antenna module (2) consists of a Ka frequency band transmitting antenna array and a Ka frequency band receiving antenna array, and one Ka frequency band transmitting antenna array or receiving antenna array consists of 8-16 antenna units.

7. A maritime utility communication terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that: the channel module (3) is respectively connected with two groups of 4-channel phase-shifting chip sets of which the common ends are connected with a synthesis network and a power distribution network through a switch network communicated with the transmitting antenna array elements and the receiving antenna array elements on a Ka transmitting channel and a Ka receiving channel, the synthesis network is connected with a down converter through a receiving channel, the two power distribution networks are connected with an upper frequency converter through a transmitting and receiving channel, and the down converter is connected with the upper frequency converter through a digital TR component to form the channel module (3); the channel module (3) is connected with the baseband module (4) through the digital TR component, the baseband module (4) is connected with the navigation module (5), the navigation module (5) is connected with the baseband SOC chip through the navigation receiver to achieve the receiving of navigation signals and the extraction of position information, and the baseband SOC chip gates the antenna array according to the position information.

8. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the polyhedral pyramid antenna pedestal (1) comprises an n +1 mounting surface with n being polygonal, wherein an L-S frequency band antenna module (6) is mounted on the surface of a frustum, the L-S frequency band antenna module (6) comprises an L-S frequency band antenna unit which simultaneously receives or sends communication signals of L-S frequency bands to other same terminals, satellite communication signals and received navigation signals, a Ka frequency band antenna module (7) is fixed on each polyhedral trapezoidal surface on the upper part of the polyhedral pyramid antenna pedestal (1), and each Ka frequency band antenna module (7) comprises 8-16 Ka frequency band antenna units which can simultaneously receive or send communication signals of Ka frequency bands to other same terminals and satellite communication signals.

9. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: multi-band marine utility communication terminal, comprising: the antenna module comprises an L-S frequency band channel module, a Ka frequency band channel module, a baseband module (4) and a navigation module (5), wherein the L-S frequency band channel module and the Ka frequency band channel module are connected with the antenna module, the antenna module comprises 1L-S frequency band antenna unit and 8 Ka frequency band antenna arrays, and the L-S frequency band antenna unit and the Ka frequency band antenna arrays respectively correspond to different channel modules and share one baseband module.

10. Marine multipurpose communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Ka frequency band antenna array 1 and the Ka frequency band antenna array 2 … in the antenna module (2) realize receiving and transmitting duplex by connecting duplexers in series with each antenna unit, the receiving duplexes are divided into two groups which are respectively connected with a receiving channel switch network and a transmitting channel switch network, and the receiving channel switch networks are respectively connected with a down converter through a synthesis network at the common end of two groups of 4-channel phase shifters; the transmitting channel switch network is respectively connected with an upper frequency converter through a power division network through the common end of two groups of 4-channel phase shifters, an upper frequency converter and a lower frequency converter are respectively connected with the upper frequency converter and the lower frequency converter through a digital TR component to select an antenna array, and connected with a digital baseband SOC to form a Ka frequency band channel module, the switch network is connected with an amplifier, a filter and a phase shifter after gating only one antenna array at a time, and respectively connected with a synthesis network and a power division network connected with a transmitting channel after amplifying, filtering and phase shifting signals, respectively connected with the receiving channel, and respectively used for synthesizing the receiving signals of the receiving antenna array and transmitting the transmitting signals to all antenna units of the transmitting antenna array, the synthesis network and the power division network are respectively connected with the digital TR component after passing through a lower frequency converter and an upper frequency converter to perform digital-to-analog/analog, and the baseband SOC chip gates the antenna unit according to the position information of the navigation module, so that the navigation signal is received and the position information is extracted.