CN111613891A - Lightning protection radome sandwich structure - Google Patents
Lightning protection radome sandwich structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111613891A CN111613891A CN202010606796.0A CN202010606796A CN111613891A CN 111613891 A CN111613891 A CN 111613891A CN 202010606796 A CN202010606796 A CN 202010606796A CN 111613891 A CN111613891 A CN 111613891A
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- radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning protection radome sandwich structure which comprises a first skin layer arranged at the top and a second skin layer arranged at the bottom, wherein a first capacitive frequency selection layer, a first dielectric layer, an inductive shunt network layer, a second dielectric layer and a second capacitive frequency selection layer are sequentially arranged between the first skin layer and the second skin layer from top to bottom; the seven layers are in a close-fitting layered structure; wherein: the top of the lightning protection radome interlayer structure is provided with a lightning receiving column, the first radome layer, the first capacitive frequency selection layer and the first medium layer are provided with through holes, and the inductive shunt network layer is provided with copper foil paper; the lightning receiving column sequentially penetrates through the first skin layer on the surface of the lightning protection radome interlayer structure, the first capacitive frequency selection layer and the through hole in the first medium layer and is connected with the copper foil paper on the inductive shunt network layer. The antenna radiation performance is not influenced, the lightning pulse field intensity in the antenna housing interlayer structure under lightning impact can be obviously reduced, and the protection capability of direct lightning and induction lightning is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional electromagnetic materials, in particular to a lightning protection radome interlayer structure.
Background
The lightning protection design is usually a scheme of additionally arranging one (or more) lightning rod(s) at the top of the mast, which is limited by the overall arrangement condition of the ship. As the size of the ship can reach hundreds of meters, the coverage area of a single lightning rod is limited, and all important equipment (especially electronic equipment antennas and the like) of the whole ship cannot be protected. In addition, according to foreign statistical data, the lightning rod installed on a land building has a protection effect of about 80%, while the lightning rod installed on a sea surface building has the same protection effect of only 50% -60% on the land due to high sea surface humidity, heavy salt fog and high wind speed. Therefore, when the ship is designed for lightning protection, the redundancy is required to be higher, which puts higher requirements on the lightning protection design of the related platform.
The height of the ship-borne key electronic equipment from the sea surface is a decisive factor for the remote action of the ship-borne key electronic equipment, so that contradiction exists between the installation position of the lightning rod on the ship and the installation position of the main electronic detection equipment. In addition, on the ship, except for the array electronic equipment, a considerable part of antennas of the electronic equipment such as radar and communication are in a rotating state, so that when the lightning rod is additionally arranged on the antenna for lightning protection, the lightning rod (the lightning rod or a down lead thereof) inevitably affects a detection visual field of the electronic equipment, and the design and installation difficulty is further increased.
For the aircraft platform, the existing lightning protection technology is mainly shielding + radome shunt strips (such as button shunt strips), and the lightning protection problem of the aircraft platform can be basically solved. However, the above lightning protection technology still has a contradiction between the lightning protection effect and the antenna performance deterioration (caused by the introduction of the shunt strip), that is, when the shunt strip is densely arranged, the protection effect is better, but the shunt strip has a large influence on the antenna radiation performance, the number of the shunt strips is small, the influence on the antenna is correspondingly reduced, and the protection effect is worse. At present, after the lightning protection shunt strip of the existing airborne radome is arranged, the instantaneous electric field inside the radome is still very strong in the lightning stroke process, and the induced voltage between the radome wall and the antenna of the electronic equipment is very high and has the breakdown risk. In addition, the conventional button-type shunt strip (especially the conventional linear shunt strip) may be ablated and detached after multiple lightning strikes, and the later maintenance difficulty is high.
Finally, the existing lightning rod (including shunt strip) is mainly used for solving the direct lightning protection problem, and basically has no protection effect on an induction lightning generated in the process of leading down the direct lightning, and lightning pulses generated by the induction lightning still have great threat to vulnerable modules such as an electronic equipment antenna and a radio frequency front end.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a lightning protection radome interlayer structure aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a lightning protection radome sandwich structure which comprises a first skin layer arranged at the top and a second skin layer arranged at the bottom, wherein a first capacitive frequency selection layer, a first dielectric layer, an inductive shunt network layer, a second dielectric layer and a second capacitive frequency selection layer are sequentially arranged between the first skin layer and the second skin layer from top to bottom; the seven layers are in a close-fitting layered structure; wherein:
the top of the lightning protection radome interlayer structure is provided with a lightning receiving column, the first radome layer, the first capacitive frequency selection layer and the first medium layer are provided with through holes, and the inductive shunt network layer is provided with copper foil paper; the lightning receiving column sequentially penetrates through the first skin layer on the surface of the lightning protection radome interlayer structure, the first capacitive frequency selection layer and the through hole in the first medium layer and is connected with the copper foil paper on the inductive shunt network layer.
Furthermore, the first capacitive frequency-selective layer and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer are both periodically arranged copper foil patches, the shapes of the copper foil patches of the first capacitive frequency-selective layer and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer are completely the same, and the shapes of the copper foil patches are arbitrary shapes including triangle, quadrangle and hexagon; the mutual coupling between the copper foil patches constitutes the capacitance of the capacitive frequency-selective layer.
Furthermore, the inductive shunt network layer is a lightning current leakage layer, and is formed by periodically hollowing holes with the same shape on the thick film copper foil, wherein the holes are triangular, quadrangular and hexagonal.
Furthermore, the outer size range of the periodic copper foil patches of the first capacitive frequency-selective layer and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer is 1-20 mm, the interval range between the copper foil patches is 0.1-10 mm, and the thickness of the copper foil patches is 5-50 um.
Furthermore, the size range of the periodic holes in the inductive shunt network layer is 1-20 mm, the space range between the holes is 0.1-10 mm, and the thickness range of the copper foil of the inductive shunt network layer is 0.1-2 mm.
Furthermore, the first skin layer and the second skin layer are made of quartz glass fiber cloth reinforced cyanate ester resin composite materials, and the thickness is 0.2 mm-3 mm; the dielectric constant of the quartz glass cloth reinforced cyanate resin composite material used for the first skin layer and the second skin layer is less than 3.6, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.006.
Furthermore, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are made of low-loss media comprising foam, glass fiber reinforced plastic and ceramic, the thickness of the low-loss media is 1-30 mm, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.01.
Furthermore, the diameter of the lightning receiving column is 5 mm-20 mm, and the length of the lightning receiving column is 10 mm-30 cm, so that lightning current on the outer surface of the lightning protection radome sandwich structure must reach the inductive shunt network layer through the lightning receiving column, and the first radome layer, the first capacitive frequency selection layer and the first dielectric layer of the radome sandwich structure are prevented from being broken down.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the lightning protection radome interlayer structure, the requirements of high structural strength and rigidity of a radome are met, the in-band insertion loss of the whole lightning protection radome is less than 0.5dB, and the out-of-band rejection is greater than 10 dB. The composite material sandwich structure has the advantages that the complete protection effect on the conventional direct lightning and induction lightning is achieved, the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the composite material sandwich structure in the working frequency band of the electronic equipment antenna is greater than 90%, and the composite material sandwich structure is suitable for guiding the design of the lightning protection frequency selection antenna housing of airplanes and ship platforms.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sandwich structure of a lightning protection radome of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lightning receiving post of a lightning protection radome of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a copper foil patch pattern of a first and second capacitive frequency-selective layer of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a inductive network split-layer periodic unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows transmission characteristics of a sandwich structure of a lightning protection frequency selective radome according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The lightning protection radome sandwich structure comprises a first skin layer 1 arranged at the top and a second skin layer 7 arranged at the bottom, wherein a first capacitive frequency-selective layer 2, a first dielectric layer 3, an inductive shunt network layer 4, a second dielectric layer 5 and a second capacitive frequency-selective layer 6 are sequentially arranged between the first skin layer 1 and the second skin layer 7 from top to bottom; the seven layers are in a close-fitting layered structure; wherein:
the top of the lightning protection radome sandwich structure is provided with a lightning receiving column 8, the first radome layer 1, the first capacitive frequency selection layer 2 and the first medium layer 3 are provided with through holes, and the inductive shunt network layer 4 is provided with copper foil paper; the lightning receiving column 8 sequentially penetrates through the first skin layer 1 on the surface of the lightning protection radome sandwich structure, the first capacitive frequency selection layer 2 and the through hole in the first medium layer 3 and is connected with the copper foil paper on the inductive shunt network layer 4.
The first capacitive frequency-selective layer 2 and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer 6 are both copper foil patches which are periodically arranged, the shapes of the copper foil patches of the first capacitive frequency-selective layer 2 and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer 6 are completely the same, and the shapes of the copper foil patches are arbitrary shapes including triangle, quadrangle and hexagon; the mutual coupling between the copper foil patches constitutes the capacitance of the capacitive frequency-selective layer. The inductive shunt network layer 4 is a lightning current leakage layer, and the inductive shunt network layer 4 is formed by periodically hollowing holes with the same shape on the thick film copper foil, wherein the holes are triangular, quadrilateral and hexagonal.
The outer size range of the periodic copper foil patches of the first capacitive frequency-selective layer 2 and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer 6 is 1-20 mm, the interval range between the copper foil patches is 0.1-10 mm, and the thickness of the copper foil patches is 5-50 um. The size range of the periodic holes in the inductive shunt network layer 4 is 1 mm-20 mm, the space range between the holes is 0.1 mm-10 mm, and the thickness range of the copper foil of the inductive shunt network layer is 0.1 mm-2 mm.
The first skin layer 1 and the second skin layer 7 are made of quartz glass fiber cloth reinforced cyanate ester resin composite materials, and the thickness is 0.2 mm-3 mm; the dielectric constant of the quartz glass cloth reinforced cyanate resin composite material used for the first skin layer 1 and the second skin layer 7 is less than 3.6, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.006. The first dielectric layer 3 and the second dielectric layer 5 are made of low-loss dielectric materials including foam, glass fiber reinforced plastic and ceramic, the thickness is 1-30 mm, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.01.
The diameter of the lightning receiving column 8 is 5 mm-20 mm, the length of the lightning receiving column is 10 mm-30 cm, so that lightning current on the outer surface of the sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome must pass through the lightning receiving column to reach the inductive shunt network layer, and the first radome layer 1, the first capacitive frequency selection layer 2 and the first dielectric layer 3 of the sandwich structure of the radome are prevented from being broken down.
As shown in fig. 1, in a cross-sectional structure of a lightning protection frequency selective radome according to another embodiment of the present invention, the lightning protection frequency selective radome sandwich structure includes a first skin layer, a first capacitive frequency selective layer disposed on the first skin layer, a first dielectric layer disposed on the first capacitive frequency selective layer, an inductive shunt network layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer disposed on the inductive shunt network layer, a second capacitive frequency selective layer disposed on the second dielectric layer, and a second skin layer disposed on the second capacitive frequency selective layer. Seven of them are in a close-fitting layered structure.
In this embodiment, the first skin layer and the second skin layer are made of quartz glass cloth reinforced cyanate resin composite material, the thickness is about 0.5mm, the dielectric constants are both 3.3, and the dielectric losses are both 0.005.
The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, the dielectric constant is 3.3, the dielectric loss is 0.005, and the thickness is 1 mm.
Through simulation and experimental tests, the first capacitive frequency-selective layer and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer are determined to be formed by periodically arranging square copper foil patches, the side length of each square copper foil patch is 4.6mm, the square copper foil patches are orthogonally arranged, the space periods (namely the space between the square copper foil patches) in two directions of a plane are both 5mm, and the thickness of the copper foil of the capacitive frequency-selective layer is 18 mu m. The inductive network shunting layer is a square perforated metal grid with the line width of 2mm, the line spacing of 5mm and the thickness of 0.5 mm.
A certain number of lightning receiving columns are uniformly distributed on the surface of the radome sandwich structure body, the diameter of each lightning receiving column is 5mm, the length of each lightning receiving column is about 20cm, and the lower edge of each lightning receiving column is tightly connected with the inductive network shunt layer.
The embodiment also provides a manufacturing method of the lightning protection frequency selection radome sandwich structure, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a polyimide single-sided copper clad laminate etching frequency selection pattern is adopted as a capacitive frequency selection layer, namely, the frequency selection pattern is processed in a chemical etching mode, the processing of the inductive shunt network layer is completed by adopting the schemes of laser etching or laser additive manufacturing and the like, and a lightning receiving column is welded on the surface of the inductive shunt network layer. And then integrally forming the capacitive frequency selection layer, the inductive shunt network layer, the dielectric layer and the skin layer, and then polishing and shaping the outer surface of the radome until the upper end of the lightning receiving column is exposed to obtain the lightning protection frequency selection radome sandwich structure.
The results of the wave-transparent performance test of the dual-band frequency selective composite sandwich structure are shown in fig. 5. The resonant frequency of the sandwich structure is 8GHz, and the wave-transmitting rate in the frequency band is more than 90%.
The invention provides a design scheme of a frequency selection antenna housing interlayer structure with lightning protection capability (including direct lightning strike and inductive lightning). In addition, a lightning inducing column is arranged on the surface of the antenna housing and connected with the surface of the antenna housing and the thick film metal network layer, so that lightning current on the surface of the antenna housing is introduced into the thick film metal network and is discharged to the ground through the thick film metal network, and the phenomenon that the lightning current penetrates through the skin of the antenna housing before entering the metal network layer is avoided.
Compare the antenna house of traditional loading water conservancy diversion strip, above-mentioned lightning protection antenna house can not influence antenna radiation performance basically (including inserting that the loss is little, directional error is little), and can show and reduce the lightning impulse down the inside thunder electric field of antenna house strong, has the protective capacities of direct attack thunder and response thunder concurrently. Simultaneously, the lightning protection frequency selection antenna cover interlayer structure also has the function of hiding the frequency selection of the electronic equipment antenna.
By adopting the lightning protection frequency selection antenna housing interlayer structure, the ideal effective protection of the equipment antenna to lightning can be realized, the mounting difficulty of the lightning arrester on a ship can be greatly reduced, and the lightning protection problem of platforms such as ships and airplanes is thoroughly solved. Because the distribution parameters of the related metal structures of the net-shaped structure layer are integrally designed with the interlayer structure of the metamaterial antenna housing, the lightning receiving column and the net-shaped structure layer basically have no influence on the radiation performance of the electronic equipment antenna.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A lightning protection radome sandwich structure is characterized by comprising a first skin layer (1) arranged at the top and a second skin layer (7) arranged at the bottom, wherein a first capacitive frequency-selective layer (2), a first dielectric layer (3), an inductive shunt network layer (4), a second dielectric layer (5) and a second capacitive frequency-selective layer (6) are sequentially arranged between the first skin layer (1) and the second skin layer (7) from top to bottom; the seven layers are in a close-fitting layered structure; wherein:
the top of the lightning protection radome interlayer structure is provided with a lightning receiving column (8), the first radome layer (1), the first capacitive frequency selection layer (2) and the first medium layer (3) are provided with through holes, and the inductive shunt network layer (4) is provided with copper foil paper; the lightning receiving column (8) sequentially penetrates through the first cover layer (1) on the surface of the lightning protection antenna cover interlayer structure, the first capacitive frequency selection layer (2) and the through hole in the first medium layer (3) and is connected with the copper foil paper on the inductive shunt network layer (4).
2. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitive frequency-selective layer (2) and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer (6) are both periodically arranged copper foil patches, the shapes of the copper foil patches of the first capacitive frequency-selective layer (2) and the second capacitive frequency-selective layer (6) are completely the same, and the shapes of the copper foil patches are arbitrary shapes including triangle, quadrangle and hexagon; the mutual coupling between the copper foil patches constitutes the capacitance of the capacitive frequency-selective layer.
3. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome of claim 1, wherein the inductive shunt network layer (4) is a lightning current leakage layer, and the inductive shunt network layer (4) is formed by periodically hollowing holes with the same shape on the thick film copper foil, wherein the holes have a shape including a triangle, a quadrangle and a hexagon.
4. The sandwich structure of the lightning-protection radome of claim 2, wherein the periodic copper foil patches of the first and second capacitive frequency-selective layers (2, 6) have an outer dimension in the range of 1mm to 20mm, a spacing between the copper foil patches in the range of 0.1mm to 10mm, and a copper foil patch thickness in the range of 5um to 50 um.
5. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome of claim 3, wherein the size of the periodic holes in the inductive shunt network layer (4) ranges from 1mm to 20mm, the pitch between the holes ranges from 0.1mm to 10mm, and the thickness of the copper foil of the inductive shunt network layer ranges from 0.1mm to 2 mm.
6. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome of claim 1, wherein the first and second skin layers (1, 7) are a quartz glass fiber cloth reinforced cyanate ester resin composite material with a thickness of 0.2-3 mm; the dielectric constant of the quartz glass cloth reinforced cyanate resin composite material used for the first skin layer (1) and the second skin layer (7) is less than 3.6, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.006.
7. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer (3) and the second dielectric layer (5) are made of low-loss media comprising foam, glass fiber reinforced plastic and ceramic, the thickness of the low-loss media is 1-30 mm, and the dielectric loss of the low-loss media is less than 0.01.
8. The sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome of claim 1, wherein the lightning receiving columns (8) have a diameter of 5mm to 20mm and a length of 10mm to 30cm, so that lightning current on the outer surface of the sandwich structure of the lightning protection radome must pass through the lightning receiving columns to reach the inductive shunt network layer, and the first radome layer (1), the first capacitive frequency-selective layer (2) and the first dielectric layer (3) of the sandwich structure of the radome are prevented from being broken down.
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| CN202010606796.0A CN111613891B (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Lightning protection radome sandwich structure |
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| CN202010606796.0A CN111613891B (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Lightning protection radome sandwich structure |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112821080A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-18 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Thin-layer filtering structure for transmitting waves in L frequency band |
| RU2815617C1 (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2024-03-19 | Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология"им. А.Г.Ромашина" | Radio transparent radome of navigation antenna system |
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| RU2815617C1 (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2024-03-19 | Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология"им. А.Г.Ромашина" | Radio transparent radome of navigation antenna system |
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|---|---|
| CN111613891B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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