CN111610130A - Large-scale fresh water lake basin continental facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method - Google Patents
Large-scale fresh water lake basin continental facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale fresh water lake basin terrestrial phase shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method, which utilizes a shale oil exploration drilling coring, lithology and lithofacies accurate description and a matching geological experimental analysis method to evaluate the formation and evolution characteristics of the terrestrial phase shale oil reservoir pore, and adopts depth (m), Ro (%), ground temperature (DEG C), diagenesis stage, total porosity (%), organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic pore (surface porosity,%), pore formation parameter indexes to establish a shale oil reservoir pore mode and meet the requirements of shale oil exploration and evolution. The method evaluates that the continental facies shale oil forms a secondary pore development zone in late diagenesis Ro1.1% -1.6%, has a large-scale gathered storage space and mainly contributes to micron-sized pores, guides the continental facies shale oil dessert optimization and exploration breakthrough, and enriches the unconventional reservoir geology and shale oil exploration basic theory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas exploration of oil fields, in particular to a pore formation and evolution evaluation method for a large-scale fresh water lake basin terrestrial mud shale oil reservoir stratum.
Background
The exploration and development of shale oil are carried out in a plurality of lake basin areas in China, and the multi-well industrial oil flow and the active progress are obtained in Songliao, Ordos, Bohai Bay, Nanxiang, Qusonnel basin areas and the like, so that the good prospect of the exploration and development of shale oil is shown. The shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation is used for researching the origin, type, representation, distribution and evolution characteristics of shale oil reservoir space, and is an important basis for shale oil dessert optimization and exploration deployment. For a long time, the shale is researched as a hydrocarbon source rock or an oil gas cover layer instead of a reservoir layer in China, the scientific research of the shale oil source and reservoir is neglected, the particularity and complexity of the deposition evolution of the large-scale fresh water lake basin in Songliao basin provide challenges for the exploration and development of the continental facies shale oil, and the evaluation problems of the pore formation and the evolution of the continental facies shale oil reservoir layer of the large-scale fresh water lake basin are urgently needed to be solved.
The formation and evolution evaluation method of the pore of the shale reservoir is reported in literature, and the literature refers to the development characteristics and the influence factors of the organic matter pore of shale in the ancient system of the northwest basin (China university of Petroleum (Nature science), 3 rd year 2017) such as Marsefei and the like; (2) yellow, clear, and the like, "study on the type and characteristics of the pore space of continental shale and the oil-gas copolymerization process," taking the depression of the west depression of the Liaohe river as an example "(natural gas geoscience, phase 7 in 2015); (3) coke shu et al, "study of pore type, morphological characteristics and cause of shale" (report of electron microscopy, 5 th 2015); (4) new development of shale pore research such as Tejing Wei (earth science development, 12 nd 2012); (5) li ji jun et al, "pore characteristics of continental facies shale in the north of the Songliaopelvic region and its effect on the occurrence of shale oil" (proceedings of the university of Petroleum in China (Nature science edition), phase 4 of 2015); (6) zhuruka et al, "development of unconventional hydrocarbon tight reservoir microstructure research" (ancient geological report, 4 th 2013), and the like. The above (1) considers that the organic matter pore generally refers to all pores which develop in the organic matter or at the boundary and have a causal relationship with the organic matter, including a primary organic matter pore and a secondary organic matter pore; the organic matter holes are various in shapes and heterogeneous in distribution, and particularly when the organic matter holes are developed in large quantity, the internal structure of the organic matter holes is a honeycomb-like communicating body with a layered lattice frame. And (2) researching large-aperture holes and cracks which are beneficial to shale oil aggregation and migration, such as layer section development corrosion hole cracks, structural cracks and the like. Under a scanning electron microscope, 3 types of microscopic pores, namely inorganic mineral pores, organic pores and microcracks, are researched for layer section development, wherein the formation of large-aperture organic pores under the condition of low maturity is mainly related to the corrosion modification of organic acid; the research on the microcracks shows that the edge and the interior of the organic matter can develop various cracks, and the massive development of hydrocarbon generation and discharge cracks in the organic matter is an important difference between continental low-maturity shale and southern high-maturity shale. The common micropores in the shale of the above (3) are: organic matter pore, clay mineral intercrystalline pore, carbonate and feldspar dissolution pore, micro-crack and other four types; the organic matter pores are pores left in the organic matter after the organic matter reaches a certain maturity and begins to discharge a large amount of hydrocarbon; the intercrystalline pores of the clay mineral are mostly triangular or slit-shaped, and the size is from several nanometers to more than 1 micron; most of carbonate erosion holes are rhombic and mostly occur on the surface and the edge of a mineral, feldspar erosion holes are usually distributed in parallel along the feldspar cleavage direction, and the erosion holes are closely related to organic acid generated in the decomposition process of organic matters; microcracks include shrinkage cracks, dry cracks, interlaminar cracks, and the like, which provide important storage space and flow channels for shale gas. The industrial CT-micron CT-nano CT/FIB series radiation scanning method and Mercury Intrusion (MICP) -nitrogen adsorption (N2) -carbon dioxide adsorption (CO2) fluid method are proposed in the step (4) to be the optimal method for pore quantitative characterization, and a correction chart is established by single-well porosity logging data and laboratory measurement results to guide the optimization of a reservoir pore development section; the shale pore classification research also needs to consider the oil-gas-containing property, and the research on the oil-containing property of the pores is enhanced by using tools such as an atomic force microscope and the like; the research on the pore evolution law should search for the main control factors by adopting simulation experiments and real profile sample comparison and combining mineral composition analysis and the like. The method (5) comprehensively applies gas adsorption, high-pressure mercury pressing and a scanning electron microscope to describe the internal microscopic pore characteristics of the continental phase shale of the chalk system of the Songliao basin, and then analyzes the control factors of the pore development of the shale and the influence of the factors on the oil content by combining experimental means such as rock pyrolysis, whole rock mineral analysis and the like, the pore type of the shale in the research area is mainly the interlayer micropores of the flaky clay minerals, the development degree of cracks is not high, the pore level is mainly micropores and mesopores, the pore development of the shale is generally controlled by the conditions of buried depth and secondary pore development, and organic pores have no significance to the shale oil storage layer; under the condition of sufficient oil source, the oil content of the shale is obviously controlled by the porosity, wherein the pores with the diameter of more than 20nm are the main occurrence space of the shale oil, and a dessert area with larger pores is searched when the shale oil is explored and developed; the shale oil exploration and development area is a preferred area for the shale oil exploration and development of the northern part of the Songliao basin, and the southern part of the Longhusan bubble and the Qingshan mountain at the junction of the Qijia-Gulong pit contain sandstone or sandy thin interlayer shale layers in the shale layer series, have high oil content and are easy to fracture. The (6) above considers that the reservoir performance of the compact reservoir is poor, the pore throat is mainly nano-scale, and the pore throat communication is complex; the sizes of the nano-pores and the intra-granular pores of the organic matter of the super-mature marine shale in south China are about 20-890 nm; the continental facies shale pore throat type is an organic matter pore and a matrix pore, and the main body is between 30 and 200 nm; the micron-sized pore throats of the compact sandstone are inter-granular dissolution pores, granular dissolution pores and microcracks, the main body is 10-200 mu m, the size of the nano-scale pores is 70-400 nm, and primary inter-granular pores and autogenous mineral inter-granular pores are mainly used; the pore throat type of the dense limestone is calcite intragranular pores, intergranular pores and microcracks, and the size of the pore throat type of the dense limestone is 50-500 nm. Therefore, the method obtains a plurality of research results on the pore type, diversity, cause, control factors of pore development and the like of the shale, but lacks the research on the pore formation and evolution characteristics of the continental facies shale oil reservoir at different diagenesis evolution stages, and cannot solve the problems of pore formation and evolution evaluation of the large freshwater lake basin shale oil reservoir and effective guidance of shale oil exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-scale fresh water lake basin terrestrial phase shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method, aiming at overcoming the problems that the existing method in the background technology can not solve the large-scale fresh water lake basin terrestrial phase shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation and effectively guide the shale oil exploration. According to the large-scale fresh water lake basin land facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method, a land facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution characteristic evaluation method is carried out by utilizing mud shale oil exploration drilling coring, lithology and lithofacies accurate description and a matched geological experiment analysis method, so that a large-scale fresh water lake basin land facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution mode is established.
The invention can solve the problems by the following technical scheme: a large-scale fresh water lake basin continental facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method comprises the following steps:
1) accurately describing lithology and lithofacies of the drilled core to obtain lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir;
2) collecting a sample matched with a geological experimental project of the shale reservoir according to lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir in the step 1) to obtain a geological experimental sample of the shale reservoir;
3) carrying out geological experimental project matching analysis on the shale reservoir geological experimental sample obtained in the step 2) according to corresponding standards to obtain a shale reservoir matching geological experimental analysis result;
4) quantitatively evaluating the shale reservoir stratum matching geological experiment analysis result obtained in the step 3) according to the types, the number and the areas of the holes, the distribution, the evolution characteristics and the control factors of the holes of different rocks relative to the shale reservoir stratum to obtain the hole forming and evolution evaluation result of the shale reservoir stratum;
5) combining the shale reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation results obtained in the step 4), obtaining a pore formation and evolution pattern diagram of the large freshwater lake basin terrestrial shale reservoir by adopting a pore formation and evolution evaluation parameter index relation, and determining a favorable reservoir space development zone of the shale reservoir.
The lithology and lithofacies description result of the shale reservoir in the step 1) is 5 shale lithofacies of main developmental striated lamellar shale, oil shale, siltstone, mesoclast limestone and marbled dolomite.
The geological experiment matching analysis items in the step 2) comprise rock slice identification, a nano pore structure, a micro-nano pore structure full-scale field emission electron microscope, full-rock minerals, total porosity, air permeability, matrix permeability and the like.
The step 4) quantitatively evaluating the shale reservoir layer pore type, pore area, distribution, evolution characteristics and control factors according to 5 shale lithofacies of the striated laminar shale, the oil shale, the siltstone, the chad limestone and the marmatite cloud rock; the shale oil pore type comprises a matrix pore and a fracture 2, a major class, 6 and 13 subclasses, and the reservoir space is characterized by a large number of nano-scale pores and a large contribution of micro-scale pores.
In the step 5), parameters such as depth (m), Ro (%), ground temperature (DEG C), diagenesis stage, total porosity (%), organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic shale seam (surface porosity,%), and percent) are adopted in a pore forming and evolution mode of the terrestrial shale reservoir, and in the late diagenesis stage and the Ro1.1% -1.6% evolution stage, organic shale seams are formed by shrinking hydrocarbon generated by algae, clay mineral illite/montmorillonite mixed layers and illite conversion (temperature >105 ℃), inorganic shale seams formed by shrinking lamellar clay minerals along the shale are combined to form a secondary pore development zone, so that the reservoir space with large-scale gathering of shale oil is formed.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a large-scale fresh water lake basin land facies shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method, which mainly utilizes conventional coring, lithology and lithofacies accurate description and matched geological experimental analysis of shale oil exploration drilling to form and evaluate the evolution of the shale oil reservoir pore, adopts a three-level classification method to divide the mud shale pore types of a green-hilly-lip group into a matrix pore and a crack 2 major 6 types and 13 subclasses, and defines 5 lithofacies types of the green-hilly-lip group, namely, laminar shale, oil shale, siltstone, medium-crumb limestone and mudstone, which respectively account for 84.6%, 6.1%, 5.8%, 1.0% and 2.5%; determining quantitative characteristics of 5-type lithofacies pores of a mud shale reservoir of a mountain mouth group, wherein the nano pores are more in number, and the micron pores are the main contribution of a mud shale oil reservoir space; the pore formation and evolution mode of the large-scale fresh water lake basin terrestrial shale oil reservoir is established for the first time, inorganic shale seams, organic shale seams and the important control effect on the formation of the terrestrial shale reservoir space are provided, the view that foreign scholars have shale pores mainly comprising honeycomb organic matter holes is broken through, the secondary pore zone of late diagenesis Ro1.1-1.6% shale development is determined, the terrestrial shale oil has large-scale gathered reservoir space, the theoretical basis of large-scale exploration of the large-scale freshwater lake basin terrestrial shale oil is laid, the optimization and exploration breakthrough of the Songliao basin terrestrial shale oil are effectively guided, the depth is favorably expanded to 2600m, and the unconventional reservoir geological connotation and the basic theory of the shale oil are enriched.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of main development matrix pores and cracks of shale in a Qingshan Kou group in a Songliao basin;
FIG. 2 is a lithofacies diagram of shale mainly in the Qingshan Kou group of Songliao basin;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a distribution of porosity of a lamellar shale phase pore type surface;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the distribution of pore areas of different pore diameters of the lamellar shale;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the total porosity and effective porosity of different facies of the Mount Qingshan group;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the evolution of organic shale seams in the Songliao basin and the organic pores in the North American shale;
FIG. 7 is a characteristic pattern diagram of the evolution of the shale oil reservoir pore types at different diagenesis stages of the Qingshan mountain group in Songliao basin;
FIG. 8 is a shale lamellar crack diagram of a bi-directional argon ion profile optical field transmission electron microscope.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments:
the invention mainly provides a large-scale fresh water lake basin land facies shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method, which mainly utilizes a shale oil exploration drilling coring, lithology and lithology precise description and a matching geological experimental analysis method to evaluate the formation and evolution characteristics of the land facies shale oil reservoir pore, the pore is characterized by a large number of nano-scale pores and major contribution of micron-scale pores to reservoir space, a large-scale fresh water lake basin land facies shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution mode is established, inorganic shale seams, organic shale seams and a secondary pore belt which plays an important role in controlling the formation of the land facies shale reservoir space are firstly proposed, the view that foreign students' shale pores are mainly cellular organic matter pores is broken through, and the secondary pore belt which combines the intermediate-formation late-stage rock Ro1.1-1.6% shale development organic shale seams and the inorganic pore seams is definite, the continental facies shale oil has large-scale gathered storage space, and lays a theoretical foundation for exploration of the continental facies shale oil of the large-scale fresh water lake basin.
Geological experimental analysis method for shale oil reservoir
1. Method for accurately describing lithology and lithofacies of shale oil reservoir
And (3) obtaining the lithology and lithofacies description result of the tight reservoir rock core according to an unconventional tight sandstone and shale rock core lithology precise and accurate description method (application number zl 201310659696.4).
2. Shale oil reservoir layer matching geological experimental analysis method
The shale oil reservoir layer matching geological experiment analysis project adopts industry standard or enterprise standard, the slice identification adopts industry standard rock slice identification (SY/T5368) and adopts nanometer pore structure analysis technology of unconventional reservoir layer (Q/SY DQ 1667) and adopts enterprise standard unconventional reservoir layer whole rock mineral content analysis method (Q/SY 1666 2015) and adopts dense sandstone air permeability detection method (Q/SY 1660 2015) and adopts industry standard mud (shale) rock permeability detection method (Q/SY 1663 2015) and adopts mud (shale) rock total porosity detection method (Q/SY 1662) for matrix permeability, the vitrinite reflectivity adopts an industry standard 'vitrinite reflectivity determination method in sedimentary rock' (SY/T5124-.
3. Full-scale field emission electron microscope analysis method for shale oil reservoir micro-nano pore structure
(1) Automatic splicing of large-view-field images of field emission electron microscope
Compiling field emission electron microscope large-visual-field image splicing software, and automatically splicing single images of a field emission electron microscope into a large-visual-field image (the visual field area is 3X 2mm, the invention patent 201910632902. X).
(2) Pore type identification extraction
And a pore classification recognition and human-computer interaction system is established, and high-precision (1.8nm) automatic extraction of the types, the number and the pore size distribution of pores is realized.
(3) Pore type quantification
And (3) normalizing and quantifying the pore types and the number and the area of the micro-nano pores to obtain the proportion (%) of the pore types, the proportion (%) of the number of the micro-nano pores and the proportion (%) of the area.
4. Shale oil reservoir pore formation evolution evaluation method
(1) Shale oil reservoir pore type
And performing centimeter-millimeter-micron three-scale precise description and evaluation on the shale by using multiple technologies such as lithology fine-drawing, rock slice, field emission electron microscope and the like to determine the lithology, mineral composition characteristics and pore type of the shale in the Qingshan-Kong group.
(2) Shale oil reservoir pore quantitative characteristics and control factors
By utilizing a full-scale field emission electron microscope analysis technology of a shale oil reservoir micro-nano pore structure, the quantitative characteristics of the quantity and the area of shale micro-nano pores in the Qingshan-Kong group are researched, and control factors of pore formation are determined.
(3) Shale oil reservoir pore evolution characterization
Evaluating the formation and evolution of shale oil reservoir pores at different depths and maturity by using parameters such as depth (m), Ro (%), ground temperature (DEG C), total porosity (%), organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic pore (surface porosity,%) parameters and the like, establishing a shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution mode, and determining a shale oil reservoir favorable reservoir space development zone.
The large-scale fresh water lake basin continental facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method of the embodiment is completed according to the following steps:
1) accurately describing lithology and lithofacies of the drilled core to obtain lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir;
2) collecting a sample matched with a geological experimental project of the shale reservoir according to lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir in the step 1) to obtain a geological experimental sample of the shale reservoir;
3) carrying out geological experimental project matching analysis on the shale reservoir geological experimental sample obtained in the step 2) according to corresponding standards to obtain a shale reservoir matching geological experimental analysis result;
4) quantitatively evaluating the shale reservoir stratum matching geological experiment analysis result obtained in the step 3) according to the types, the number and the areas of the holes, the distribution, the evolution characteristics and the control factors of the holes of different rocks relative to the shale reservoir stratum to obtain the hole forming and evolution evaluation result of the shale reservoir stratum;
5) combining the shale reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation results obtained in the step 4), obtaining a pore formation and evolution pattern diagram of the large freshwater lake basin terrestrial shale reservoir by adopting a pore formation and evolution evaluation parameter index relation, and determining a favorable reservoir space development zone of the shale reservoir.
Example 1
The implementation process of the method is illustrated by taking the pore formation and evolution evaluation method of the continental facies shale oil reservoir of the large-scale freshwater lake basin in the north part of Songliao basin in Daqing exploration area as an example.
1. Background of the study
The Songliao basin is a large-scale continental fresh water lake basin, the large-scale continental lake delta sediment is developed by the Chalk system, and two large-scale lake-phase shale sediments are formed in the sedimentation periods of the green mountain group and the tender river group of the late chalk system, so that the shale oil existence layer system is formed. The Qingshan Kong group mainly takes medium-high mature shale oil as main material, deposits black shale, oil shale, shale and the like which are widely distributed and rich in organic matters, is a main target area for oil exploration of mature high mature shale, and is mainly distributed in Qijia Gulong pits, three Zhao pits and the like. The shale oil obtains a series of industrial oil flows and exploration breakthroughs in key exploratory wells Yx58, Yp1, Syy1, Syy2, chao21, Gy1 and the like, shows good prospects and huge resource potentials of exploration of the shale oil in the north of Songliao basin, and becomes an important field for continuous and stable production of Daqing oil fields and creation of century oil fields. The shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation research is a key scientific problem for solving an optimal evolution window of a shale oil reservoir space, is an important basis for shale oil reservoir property evaluation and dessert optimization, and has important significance for shale oil exploration deployment and development.
2. Mud shale reservoir pore type of the Mount Qingshan group
The rock property fine-drawing, slice and field emission electron microscope analysis technology is applied to carry out centimeter-millimeter-micron three-dimension precise description and analysis evaluation on rock core shale of a tongliao national mountain mouth group at the north of a Songliao basin, and by referring to the mainstream view of shale reservoir pore classification in domestic and foreign researches, the pore types of the rock core shale of the tonglian mouth group are divided into a matrix pore and a crack 2, a large class, 6 classes and 13 subclasses (the pore types and the characteristics of the shale reservoir layers of the tonglian mouth group are shown in a table 1), the main development types are intergranular pores, clay mineral intercrystalline pores, erosion pores, organic matter pores, shale cracks and microcracks (figure 1), and the tonglian mouth group mainly develops streak layered shale, oil shale, siltstone, medium debris limestone and argillaceous cloud rock 5 shale lithofacies (figure 2).
TABLE 1
3. Quantitative characteristics and control factors of mud shale reservoir pores in Qingshan Kou group
(1) Mud shale reservoir pore quantitative characteristics of Qingshan Kou group
The quantitative characteristic research of the 5-type lithofacies pores of the shale oil reservoir of the Qingshan mountain group is carried out by utilizing a full-scale field emission electron microscope analysis technology of the micro-nano pore structure of the shale oil reservoir.
Lamellar shale phase: the pore distribution is uneven, the pore type is mainly intergranular pores (61%), and the deposition condition is reflected to have a control effect on the formation of primary pores; the shale fissures (26%) develop, increasing the horizontal permeability of the shale reservoir; the inner holes (8%) are relatively developed and mainly distributed in the inner part and the edge of the silty-sand-grade feldspar particles with relatively coarse granularity, so that the storage layer is reflected to have a certain corrosion action; other pore types such as intercrystalline pores (4%), organic pores (< 1%) did not develop. The lamellar shale phase pores are relatively developed, the number of the nanopores accounts for 94.3 percent of the total pore amount, and the pore diameter is more than 500 nm; the micron pore face porosity fraction was 80.9%, reflecting the large contribution of micron pores to the reservoir space.
Oil shale phase: compared with lamellar shale, the pore distribution is relatively uniform, the pore types are mainly intergranular pores (72%), the lamellar seams (22%) develop, and other pore types such as intergranular pores (4%), intragranular pores (1%) and organic pores (< 1%) do not develop. The oil shale phase pores are relatively developed, the number of the nano pores accounts for 95.6 percent of the total amount of the pores, and the pore diameter is more than 500 nm; the micro-pore face porosity was 43.7%, and the micro-pores contributed slightly less to the reservoir space than the lamellar shale phase.
Silty sandstone phase: the shale bed series is distributed in the shale bed series in the form of thin layers, strips and lumps, and the pore types mainly develop inter-granular pores, inter-granular solution pores, intra-granular pores and inter-granular pores, and organic matter pores are rarely seen. The silty rock phase pores are poor in development, mainly comprise nanopores in number, account for 90.9% of the total amount of the pores, and the pore diameter is mainly distributed between 100nm and 500 nm; the silty-sandstone-phase micron-pore surface porosity accounts for 47.4%, and micron-sized pores slightly contribute to a reservoir space.
Intermediate debris limestone phase: the shale is mostly distributed in a lamellar manner in the shale layer system, the pore type mainly develops the mesoscale body cavity pores, and a small amount of micropores among the mesoscales. The mesoscale limestone phase pores are poor in development, mainly comprise nanopores in number, accounting for 86.7% of the total pore amount, the pore diameter is mainly distributed in the range of 100 nm-500 nm, and the pore diameter of partial mesoscale body cavities can reach more than 10 mu m; the porosity of the mesoscale limestone phase micron pore surface accounts for 71.2%, and the contribution of the micron pores to the storage space is larger than that of the nanometer pores.
Argillaceous crystal cloud lithofacies: the clay minerals are often filled in dolomite particles to form a small amount of tiny clay mineral intercrystalline pores. The marbled rock has compact lithology and poor pore development, mainly comprises nanometer pores accounting for 88.7 percent of the total pore amount in terms of number, and the pore diameter is mainly distributed between 10nm and 100 nm; the porosity of the mudstone cloud phase micron pore surface is 63.1%, and the contribution of the micron pores to the storage space is larger than that of the nanometer pores.
(2) Factors controlling pore formation of mud shale reservoirs in the Qingshan Kou group
1) Mineral composition is the material basis for shale oil reservoir space formation
In the shale forming process, the development of a shale oil reservoir space is determined by complex interaction between diagenetic minerals or between diagenetic minerals and organic matters, the microscopic pore characteristics of the shale oil reservoir layer are determined by mineral components, forms, arrangement positions, contact modes, distribution and the like among mineral particles (crystal grains), and various pores of different types are formed among mineral particles, inside minerals, among crystal grains and between organic matters and inorganic minerals. The rock minerals of the shale oil reservoir layer of the tongliao group mainly comprise quartz, feldspar minerals (plagioclase feldspar and potassium feldspar), carbonate minerals (calcite, iron dolomite, dolomite and siderite), pyrite and clay minerals (the rock minerals of the shale oil reservoir layer of the tongliao group at the north of the Songliao basin are shown in a table 2), mainly comprise quartz (the average content of each layer is 32-34 percent) and the clay minerals (the average content of each layer is 19-31 percent), and then comprise the feldspar minerals and the carbonate minerals.
The mineral components and contents have important control effects on the porosity and physical characteristics of the shale reservoir. The contents of quartz and clay minerals in the green shale oil reservoir layer have positive correlation with the total porosity, which shows that the contents of quartz and clay minerals have positive effects on the formation and the preservation of a reservoir space; the contents of carbonate minerals and feldspar have negative correlation with the total porosity, which indicates that a certain amount of feldspar or carbonate intra-granular pores exist in the feldspar and the carbonate minerals in the shale, but the development degree of the erosion effect is strong in heterogeneity, the local erosion pores are relatively developed (the inner part and the edge of silt-grade long stone particles with relatively coarse granularity in the grained shale phase), and the carbonate minerals are used for filling primary pores mainly for cementing and blocking the pores, so that the development of the shale pores is inhibited to a certain degree.
TABLE 2
2) Lithofacies types have a significant impact on reservoir space and physical properties of shale oil reservoirs
The Qingshan mountain mouth group mainly develops five lithofacies types of striated and laminar shale, oil shale, siltstone, mesocratic limestone and marmot cloud rock, the lithofacies types respectively account for 84.6%, 6.1%, 5.8%, 1.0% and 2.5%, and the main lithofacies is the striated and laminar shale. 94.3% of lamellar shale phase nanopores, 80.9% of micron-sized pore surface porosity, 95.6% of oil shale nanopores, 43.7% of micron-sized pore surface porosity, 90.9% of siltstone nanopores, 47.4% of micron-sized pore surface porosity, 86.7% of mesolite nanopores, 71.2% of micron-sized pore surface porosity, 88.7% of marlite nanopores and 63.1% of micron-sized pore surface porosity, so that the contribution of the pores of different lithofacies to the storage space is different. The total and effective porosities of the different facies vary greatly (fig. 4), with the average 11.6% and 6.2% for oil shale, 7.9% and 5.2% for the lamellar shale facies being the most favorable reservoir facies, followed by siltstones 5.3% and 4.6%, interbedded limestone 4.1% and 2.6%, and worst marmite 3.3% and 1.2%.
4. Mud shale reservoir pore evolution characteristics of Qingshan Kou group
The intergranular pores of the shale of the Qingshan-Kou group account for 31-72% of the total surface porosity, and the shale seams account for 22-79%, which shows that the shale seams have important contribution to a reservoir space. The formation and evolution characteristics of shale pores in the Qingshan mountain mouth group are obviously controlled by different diagenesis stages, in the low evolution stage of the evolution process of the shale oil reservoir space, lamellar algae are combined with minerals, the maturity of the algae is increased, hydrocarbon generation shrinkage is increased, organic lamellar gaps are formed (figure 5), and the porosity of the organic lamellar gaps can reach 3.8% in the hydrocarbon generation peak period; the organic matter type of the North American shale (Woodford) is a marine phase II type, and the generated hydrocarbon mainly forms honeycomb organic matter pores which are different from organic shale oil shale seams of continental facies of Songliao Qingshan Kong; after the formation A2 stage (temperature >105 deg.C), clay mineral is converted into illite/montmorillonite mixture layer, and lamellar clay mineral shrinks along the page to form inorganic page-seam.
The depth (m), the maturity (Ro) and the total porosity (%) of shale in the diagenesis stage, organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic pore (surface porosity,%) parameter indexes and the like are utilized to establish a shale oil reservoir pore evolution diagram (figure 6) in different diagenesis evolution stages of the Qingshan mountain mouth composition in Songliao basin. In the early diagenesis stage (the depth is less than 1400m, Ro is less than 0.7%), inorganic pores develop, and the pore cause is mainly deposition; in the A1 stage of medium diagenesis rock (the depth is 1400-2050 m and Ro0.7% -1.1%), the pores are not developed under the influence of compaction; in the A2 stage of medium diagenesis (the depth is 2050-2600 m and Ro1.1% -1.6%), as lamellar algae hydrocarbon shrinks to form organic page-seam, and meanwhile, clay mineral illite/montmorillonite mixed layer and illite are converted, lamellar clay mineral shrinks along the page to form inorganic page-seam, so that the storage space (the maximum accounts for 65% of the total pore space) is increased, the maximum total porosity is 15%, and a secondary pore development zone is formed; in the middle diagenesis stage B (depth > 2600m, Ro > 1.6%), clay mineral transformation occurs due to temperature and pressure rise (temperature >117 ℃), and inorganic interparticle pores and inorganic lamellar gaps develop in large quantities (66% and 33% of total pores, respectively).
The development of the shale oil transverse seepage capability is effectively improved through the development of the shale seams in the diagenetic evolution process, the horizontal permeability is 10-100 of the vertical permeability (the analysis results of the horizontal permeability and the vertical permeability at the same depth are compared in a table 3), and the analysis of a bidirectional argon ion profile light field emission electron microscope proves that the horizontal shale seams are obviously more than the vertical shale seams (fig. 7); the development of the shale seams effectively improves the pore structure of the reservoir layer, micron-sized pores are increased, the total porosity (7.9-11.6%) of lamellar and striated lamellar shales and the effective porosity (5.2-6.2%) are higher than those of other lithofacies, a secondary pore development zone is formed in the high evolution stage of the shale in the late diagenesis stage (Ro1.1-1.6%), and a reservoir space is provided for the large-scale accumulation of shale oil.
According to the pore evolution mode of the shale oil reservoir, a Gy1 well preferably selects a green section of a type I reservoir 2 section (2530-2600 m), the lower part of the green section of the reservoir is preferably selected to be a type II reservoir 1 section, the daily oil production is performed in a 2.04 direction and the gas production is performed in a 2016 direction after the pressure, and the oil exploration depth of the Songliao basin is favorably expanded to 2600 meters.
TABLE 3
The whole process of the method for forming the pores of the continental facies shale oil reservoir and evaluating the evolution of the large freshwater lake basin is specifically described by the examples, and the results of the formation and the evaluation of the pores of the shale oil reservoir can be used for exploration and production of the shale oil. The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) a method for evaluating the pore formation and evolution of a land-phase shale oil reservoir of a large freshwater lake basin is provided and established, and is mainly characterized in that a method for accurately describing lithology and lithofacies and carrying out geological experimental analysis by utilizing a shale oil exploration drilling well is utilized to evaluate the pore formation and evolution characteristics of the land-phase shale oil reservoir, and parameter indexes of depth (m), Ro (%), ground temperature (DEG C), total porosity (%), organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic shale seam (surface porosity,%), and inorganic hole (surface porosity,%) are adopted to establish a shale oil reservoir pore evolution mode of different diagenesis evolution stages of a Songlian basin porthole group, so that the requirement for the formation of shale oil is met.
(2) The evaluation method is applied to oil exploration of mud shale in Songliao basin, and the pore types of shale in the Qingshan mountain mouth group are divided into a matrix pore and a crack 2, a large class and a 6 class and 13 subclasses, so that 5 lithofacies types of main developmental striated lamellar shale, oil shale, siltstone, mesofilic limestone and marjoram in the Qingshan mouth group are defined and respectively account for 84.6%, 6.1%, 5.8%, 1.0% and 2.5%; the quantitative characteristics of 5 types of lithofacies pores of mud shale reservoirs of the mountain jaw group are determined, the number of the striated lamellar shale facies nanopores accounts for 94.3%, the proportion of the micron-sized pore surface porosity accounts for 80.9%, the number of the oil shale nanopores accounts for 95.6%, the proportion of the micron-sized pore surface porosity accounts for 43.7%, the number of the siltstone nanopores accounts for 90.9%, the proportion of the micron-sized pore surface porosity accounts for 47.4%, the number of the mesocratic limestone nanopores accounts for 86.7%, the proportion of the micron-sized pore surface porosity accounts for 71.2%, the number of the argillite cloud nanopores accounts for 88.7%, and the proportion of the micron-sized pore surface porosity accounts for 63.1%. It can be seen that the number of nano-pores is large, and the micron-sized pores are the main contribution of the shale oil storage space.
(3) Inorganic page-reason seams and organic page-reason seams are proposed for the first time, the page-reason seams play an important control role in the formation of a terrestrial shale storage space, and the view that foreign scholars mainly use honeycomb organic matter pores as shale pores is broken through; the continental facies shale oil forms a secondary pore development zone in late diagenesis Ro1.1-1.6%, has a large-scale gathered storage space, guides the optimization of the continental facies shale oil dessert and exploration breakthrough of Songliao basin, is favorable for expanding the lower limit of exploration depth to 2600m, and enriches the geological connotation of unconventional storage layers and the basic theory of shale oil exploration.
Claims (5)
1. A large-scale fresh water lake basin continental facies mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method comprises the following steps:
1) accurately describing lithology and lithofacies of the drilled core to obtain lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir;
2) collecting a sample matched with a geological experimental project of the shale reservoir according to lithology and lithofacies description results of the shale reservoir in the step 1) to obtain a geological experimental sample of the shale reservoir;
3) carrying out geological experimental project matching analysis on the shale reservoir geological experimental sample obtained in the step 2) according to corresponding standards to obtain a shale reservoir matching geological experimental analysis result;
4) quantitatively evaluating the shale reservoir stratum matching geological experiment analysis result obtained in the step 3) according to the types, the number and the areas of the holes, the distribution, the evolution characteristics and the control factors of the holes of different rocks relative to the shale reservoir stratum to obtain the hole forming and evolution evaluation result of the shale reservoir stratum;
5) combining the shale reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation results obtained in the step 4), obtaining a pore formation and evolution pattern diagram of the large freshwater lake basin terrestrial shale reservoir by adopting a pore formation and evolution evaluation parameter index relation, and determining a favorable reservoir space development zone of the shale reservoir.
2. The large-scale fresh water lake basin land phase mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that: the lithology and lithofacies description result of the shale reservoir in the step 1) is 5 shale lithofacies of main developmental striated lamellar shale, oil shale, siltstone, mesoclast limestone and marbled dolomite.
3. The large-scale fresh water lake basin land phase mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that: the geological experiment matching analysis items in the step 2) comprise rock slice identification, a nano pore structure, a micro-nano pore structure full-scale field emission electron microscope, full-rock minerals, total porosity, air permeability, matrix permeability and the like.
4. The large-scale fresh water lake basin land phase mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that: the step 4) quantitatively evaluating the shale reservoir layer pore type, pore area, distribution, evolution characteristics and control factors according to 5 shale lithofacies of the striated laminar shale, the oil shale, the siltstone, the chad limestone and the marmatite cloud rock; the shale oil pore type comprises a matrix pore and a fracture 2, a major class, 6 and 13 subclasses, and the reservoir space is characterized by a large number of nano-scale pores and a large contribution of micro-scale pores.
5. The large-scale fresh water lake basin land phase mud shale oil reservoir pore formation and evolution evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), parameters such as depth (m), Ro (%), ground temperature (DEG C), diagenesis stage, total porosity (%), organic shale seam (surface porosity,%), inorganic shale seam (surface porosity,%), and percent) are adopted in a pore forming and evolution mode of the terrestrial shale reservoir, and in the late diagenesis stage and the Ro1.1% -1.6% evolution stage, organic shale seams are formed by shrinking hydrocarbon generated by algae, clay mineral illite/montmorillonite mixed layers and illite conversion (temperature >105 ℃), inorganic shale seams formed by shrinking lamellar clay minerals along the shale are combined to form a secondary pore development zone, so that the reservoir space with large-scale gathering of shale oil is formed.
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| CN114577693A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale reservoir determining method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN114577693B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale reservoir determination method, shale reservoir determination device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113027444A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Dessert region prediction method and device for river and lake shale oil |
| CN113188976A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for determining anisotropic permeability of sandwich-shaped shale |
| CN113188976B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for determining anisotropic permeability of sandwich-shaped shale |
| CN114965538A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Continental facies shale organic nano-pore recognition method |
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