CN111600624A - Novel IQ imbalance correction method and system - Google Patents
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
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- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03159—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the frequency domain
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
- H04L27/362—Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated
- H04L27/364—Arrangements for overcoming imperfections in the modulator, e.g. quadrature error or unbalanced I and Q levels
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ultra wide band systems, and discloses a novel IQ imbalance correction method and a novel IQ imbalance correction system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path of conjugate output is x*(n); 2) x is to be*(n) is divided into I, Q two-way input storage units, and multiplied by multi-tap coefficients w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n](ii) a 3) X is to be*[n]×w[n]Adding the signal to another input signal x (n) to obtain a real-time output y (n) ═ x*[n]×w[n]+ x (n); 4) multiplying y (n) with the current value to obtain y (n) × y [ n]5) reacting y (n) × yn]Inputting the iteration coefficient control unit by y (n) × y [ n ]]Determining the value of k to obtain an iterative relationship of λ (n) ═ k λ (n-1); 6) will be overlappedGeneration coefficients λ (n) and y (n) × y [ n ]]Multiplying to obtain feedback matrix λ (n) × y (n) × y [ n ]]For updating the coefficient w (n), the update function is w (n +1) ═ w (n) + λ (n) × y (n) × y [ n ]]. The method is simple, is realized through an algorithm, does not need to consume excessive computing units, has high realizability, and can effectively reduce the influence of the image component and improve the performance of the system by utilizing the algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultra-wideband systems, in particular to a novel IQ imbalance correction method and system.
Background
With the development of wireless communication, higher and higher requirements are put on miniaturization, easy integration and the like of devices. The current traditional super-extrapolation structure transceiver seriously restricts the development of industry, and the novel zero intermediate frequency transceiver gradually receives attention of people and becomes a hotspot of research in the years by virtue of simple structure, easy integration, low power consumption and small volume. However, in the practical application process, due to the limitation of the device process, the devices such as the filter, the amplifier, the mixer and the like on the in-phase branch and the quadrature branch cannot be completely consistent, and the two outputs of the local oscillator signal cannot be completely orthogonal, so that the output of the I-path response signal and the Q-path response signal is unbalanced, which means that the signal spectrum has an image component, and the image signal reaches a certain power, which causes serious distortion of the main signal, further reduces the dynamic range of the system, and deteriorates the overall performance of the system. Therefore, how to eliminate the IQ imbalance phenomenon is a hot problem of current research, and has certain practical significance.
Currently, there are two types of analog domain and digital domain for IQ imbalance correction. The analog domain improves the consistency of the device by optimizing the circuit structure and changing the layout mode of the device, so as to reduce the influence of IQ imbalance, but the damage caused by IQ imbalance still cannot be eliminated by using the mode. The compensation mode of the digital domain estimates IQ amplitude and phase imbalance parameters to compensate by inserting a training sequence into a signal. In recent years, people introduce concepts such as a channel estimation algorithm, a sparse matrix algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm and the like based on a least square method into an IQ correction method to obtain favorable performance, but the IQ correction method cannot be used in practice at present due to complex structure and high implementation difficulty, so that the IQ correction method is urgently needed to find a simple and easy-to-implement algorithm.
The classic structure of the zero-if transmitter is shown in fig. 1, the generated baseband signal is split into an I path and a Q path, which enter an upper path and a lower path respectively, the upper path signal is converted into an analog signal by a DAC and then multiplied by cos ω t, the lower path signal is multiplied by a-sin ω t carrier wave after passing through a DAC module, where ω ═ 2 π f, f represents the carrier frequency, and through this mixing process, the transmitter up-converts the baseband signal with a center frequency of zero to the center frequency point of the radio frequency signal. Under an ideal model, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the I path and the Q path should be completely consistent, the local oscillator amplitudes of the Q path and the I path are the same, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. However, the above conditions are very difficult to satisfy for process reasons, and therefore, there is an IQ imbalance phenomenon, and a model at this time is shown in fig. 2.
In the figure:
wherein xI(t) and xQ(t) represents the frequency conversion output of the I path and the Q path, the I path and the Q path represent the input signals of the I path and the Q path, and omegaLO＝2πfLO，fLORepresenting the carrier frequency, g represents the amplitude deviation of the I and Q responses,
the phase deviation of the I-path response and the Q-path response is reflected. Combining the above formulas to obtain an output result as follows:
therefore, according to the above formula, the equivalent model of the originating IQ imbalance is shown in fig. 3.
For a transmitting-end system, IQ imbalance is unavoidable, and causes the phenomenon are various, including IQ imbalance caused by process problems of a plurality of devices such as a modulator, a local oscillator, a filter, a DAC and the like. The most remarkable characteristic of this phenomenon is that image frequency components are generated for the original signal, thereby affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the originating signal. Only this is how to reduce the influence of IQ imbalance and further improve the system performance of the transmitter, which is a current research hotspot and has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a novel IQ imbalance correction method and system, which can solve the problem of IQ imbalance, wherein the novel IQ imbalance correction method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path of conjugate output is x*(n)，n＝[1,2,3,4…]；
S2, x is*(n) is divided into I, Q two-way input storage units, and multiplied by multi-tap coefficients w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)]；
S3, x is*[n]×w[n]Adding the signal with another path of input signal x (n) to obtain a real-time output:
y(n)＝x*[n]×w[n]+x(n) (1)；
s4, inputting y (n) into the storage unit again, and multiplying the current value by y (n) x y [ n ], where y [ n ] - [ y (n), y (n-1), y (n-2) … y (n-i) ], 0< i < n;
s5, inputting y (n) xyn into the iteration coefficient control unit, controlling the value of k according to the size of y (n) xyn, wherein the larger the y (n) xyn is, the larger k is, otherwise, the smaller k is, and obtaining an iteration relation:
λ(n)＝kλ(n-1) (2)；
s6, multiplying the iteration coefficient lambda (n) by y (n) xyy [ n ] to obtain a feedback matrix lambda (n) xy (n) xyn, wherein the feedback matrix is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is as follows:
w(n+1)＝w(n)+λ(n)×y(n)×y[n](3)。
further, in step S2, x*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
Further, in step S2, the initial value of w (n) includes zero.
Further, in step S4, y (n) is delayed by m beats and then input to the storage unit, where y [ n ] ═ y (n-m), y (n-m-1) … y (n-m-i) ], 0< m-i < n.
Furthermore, a novel IQ imbalance correction system, comprising:
a preprocessing unit for dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path is firstly conjugated and output as x*(n) is subdivided into I, Q two paths, n ═ 1,2,3,4 …]；
A storage unit for storing x*I, Q of (n) are multiplied by the multi-tap coefficient w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)](ii) a And for outputting the real-time output y (n) x of the input signal x (n)*[n]×w[n]+ x (n) and y [ n ]]Multiplying to obtain y (n) × y [ n ]]Wherein y [ n ]]＝[y(n),y(n-1),y(n-2)…y(n-i)]，0<i<n；
The iteration coefficient control unit is used for determining the value of k in an iteration relation lambda (n) ═ k lambda (n-1) according to the size of y (n) x y [ n ], wherein the larger the y (n) x y [ n ], the larger k is, and the smaller k is otherwise; the iteration coefficient λ (n) is multiplied by y (n) x y [ n ], to obtain a feedback matrix λ (n) x y [ n ], which is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is w (n +1) ═ w (n) + λ (n) x y [ n ].
Further, in the memory cell, x*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
Further, in the storage unit, the initial value of w (n) includes zero.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is simple, is realized through an algorithm, does not need to consume excessive computing units, and has high realizability;
2. the influence of the image component can be effectively reduced by using the algorithm, and the performance of the system is improved;
3. the method is low in calculation complexity, does not need to introduce a training sequence, and has a great practical value for an application scene with high spectrum utilization rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a classical transmitter architecture;
FIG. 2 illustrates an IQ imbalance schematic at the transmitter end;
FIG. 3 illustrates an outbound IQ imbalance equivalent model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the IQ correction system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a verification model structure of a zero intermediate frequency adaptive IQ correction algorithm;
FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram of a single tone signal before and after rectification;
FIG. 716 shows a constellation diagram and EVM before QAM signal correction;
fig. 816 shows the corrected constellation diagram of QAM signal and EVM.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a novel IQ imbalance correction method and system, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path of conjugate output is x*(n)，n＝[1,2,3,4…]；
S2, x is*(n) is divided into I, Q two-way input storage units, and multiplied by multi-tap coefficients w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)]；
S3, x is*[n]×w[n]Adding the signal with another path of input signal x (n) to obtain a real-time output:
y(n)＝x*[n]×w[n]+x(n) (1)；
s4, inputting y (n) into the storage unit again, and multiplying the current value by y (n) x y [ n ], where y [ n ] - [ y (n), y (n-1), y (n-2) … y (n-i) ], 0< i < n;
s5, inputting y (n) xyn into the iteration coefficient control unit, controlling the value of k according to the size of y (n) xyn, wherein the larger the y (n) xyn is, the larger k is, otherwise, the smaller k is, and obtaining an iteration relation:
λ(n)＝kλ(n-1) (2)；
s6, multiplying the iteration coefficient lambda (n) by y (n) xyy [ n ] to obtain a feedback matrix lambda (n) xy (n) xyn, wherein the feedback matrix is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is as follows:
w(n+1)＝w(n)+λ(n)×y(n)×y[n](3)。
in one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, x*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the initial value of w (n) includes zero.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, y (n) is first delayed by m beats and then input to the storage unit, where y [ n ] ═ y (n-m), y (n-m-1) … y (n-m-i) ], 0< m-i < n.
In addition, a novel IQ imbalance correction system of this embodiment includes:
a preprocessing unit for dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path is firstly conjugated and output as x*(n) is subdivided into I, Q two paths, n ═ 1,2,3,4 …]；
A storage unit for storing x*I, Q of (n) are multiplied by the multi-tap coefficient w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)](ii) a And for outputting the real-time output y (n) x of the input signal x (n)*[n]×w[n]+ x (n) and y [ n ]]Multiplying to obtain y (n) × y [ n ]]Wherein y [ n ]]＝[y(n),y(n-1),y(n-2)…y(n-i)]，0<i<n；
The iteration coefficient control unit is used for determining the value of k in an iteration relation lambda (n) ═ k lambda (n-1) according to the size of y (n) x y [ n ], wherein the larger the y (n) x y [ n ], the larger k is, and the smaller k is otherwise; the iteration coefficient λ (n) is multiplied by y (n) x y [ n ], to obtain a feedback matrix λ (n) x y [ n ], which is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is w (n +1) ═ w (n) + λ (n) x y [ n ].
In one embodiment of the invention, in the memory cell, x*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the storage unit, the initial value of w (n) includes zero.
Authentication section
In order to verify the effectiveness of the IQ imbalance correction method and system provided by the present invention, a verification model is designed, and the structure is shown in fig. 5. In order to verify the universality of the algorithm, a baseband generates a single tone signal and a QAM signal (quadrature amplitude modulation signal) with different spectrum structures, the signals enter an IQ unbalanced transmitter, and the transmitter model refers to fig. 2, wherein the amplitude imbalance g is set to be 1.2 and the phase imbalance angle phi is set to be 5 °. The output signal enters a receiver, and enters an IQ imbalance correction system after down-conversion, filtering and amplification, the system structure is shown in figure 4, the output result enters a display module, a frequency spectrum is displayed for a single-tone signal, and a constellation diagram is displayed after the QAM signal is demodulated and synchronized.
Firstly, testing is carried out on a single-tone signal, the frequency of the selected signal is 10MHz, the sampling rate is 40Mbps, the number of taps of w [ n ] is 2, and fig. 6 shows frequency spectrums of the single-tone signal before and after correction, so that in addition to a main peak of the signal which moves 10MHz rightwards relative to zero frequency, another peak of-10 MHz can be observed, which is symmetrical to the signal peak about the zero frequency and represents a mirror image component caused by IQ imbalance, and the difference between the main peak and the mirror image component is only 17.2dB, so that the energy can not be ignored, the time domain characteristic of the interference signal can be influenced, and the receiver can correctly receive the signal. The signal then passes through an IQ correction system, at which time the energy of the 10MHz main peak remains substantially unchanged, while the-10 MHz image component is reduced from 15.3dBm to-34.6 dBm by 49.9dB, which is 67.1dB different from the main peak, so that the interference of the image frequency is completely negligible, which is enough to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the IQ correction algorithm.
Then, the verification is carried out on the bandwidth 16QAM signal, the signal symbol rate is selected to be 10MSPS, the sampling rate is 30.72Mbps, and the number of taps of w [ n ] is 5. Fig. 7 shows the constellation diagram of the received signal before correction, and it can be seen from the figure that the constellation diagram distribution of the received signal has been severely interfered due to the image component introduced by IQ imbalance, so that the constellation diagram is distorted, and the EVM measured at this time is-12.183 dB, which indicates that the interference of the signal is very large and the SNR is at a low level. Subsequently, IQ correction is performed on the received signal, the corrected constellation diagram is as shown in fig. 8, it can be seen that the demodulated signal (black dot) completely corresponds to the standard point (plus sign), the distribution of the 16QAM constellation diagram meeting the standard is satisfied, the EVM at this time is-45.191 dB, and is reduced by more than 33dB compared with that before correction, the performance of the system is greatly improved, the index requirement of the system SNR is satisfied, a solid foundation is laid for subsequent data processing such as synchronization, and therefore, the effectiveness of the algorithm on broadband signal processing is verified.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A novel IQ imbalance correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path of conjugate output is x*(n)，n＝[1,2,3,4…]；
S2, x is*(n) is divided into I, Q two-way input storage units, and multiplied by multi-tap coefficients w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)]；
S3, x is*[n]×w[n]Adding the signal with another path of input signal x (n) to obtain a real-time output:
y(n)＝x*[n]×w[n]+x(n)(1)；
s4, inputting y (n) into the storage unit again, and multiplying the current value by y (n) x y [ n ], where y [ n ] - [ y (n), y (n-1), y (n-2) … y (n-i) ], 0< i < n;
s5, inputting y (n) xyn into the iteration coefficient control unit, controlling the value of k according to the size of y (n) xyn, wherein the larger the y (n) xyn is, the larger k is, otherwise, the smaller k is, and obtaining an iteration relation:
λ(n)＝kλ(n-1) (2)；
s6, multiplying the iteration coefficient lambda (n) by y (n) xyy [ n ] to obtain a feedback matrix lambda (n) xy (n) xyn, wherein the feedback matrix is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is as follows:
w(n+1)＝w(n)+λ(n)×y(n)×y[n](3)。
2. the IQ imbalance correction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, x*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
3. The IQ imbalance correction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the initial value of w (n) includes zero.
4. The IQ mismatch correction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, y (n) is delayed by m beats and then input to the storage unit, where y [ n ] ═ y (n-m), y (n-m-1) … y (n-m-i) ], 0< m-i < n.
5. A novel IQ imbalance correction system, comprising:
a preprocessing unit for dividing an input signal x (n) into two paths, wherein one path is firstly conjugated and output as x*(n) is subdivided into I, Q two paths, n ═ 1,2,3,4 …]；
A storage unit for storing x*I, Q of (n) are multiplied by the multi-tap coefficient w (n) respectively, and the output is x*[n]×w[n]Wherein x is*[n]And w [ n ]]Is a complex number, x*[n]＝[x*(1),x*(2),x*(3)…x*(n)]，w[n]＝[w(1),w(2),w(3)…w(n)](ii) a And for outputting the real-time output y (n) x of the input signal x (n)*[n]×w[n]+ x (n) and y [ n ]]Multiplying to obtain y (n) × y [ n ]]Wherein y [ n ]]＝[y(n),y(n-1),y(n-2)…y(n-i)]，0<i<n；
The iteration coefficient control unit is used for determining the value of k in an iteration relation lambda (n) ═ k lambda (n-1) according to the size of y (n) x y [ n ], wherein the larger the y (n) x y [ n ], the larger k is, and the smaller k is otherwise; the iteration coefficient λ (n) is multiplied by y (n) x y [ n ], to obtain a feedback matrix λ (n) x y [ n ], which is used for updating the coefficient w (n), and the updating function is w (n +1) ═ w (n) + λ (n) x y [ n ].
6. The IQ imbalance correction system according to claim 5, wherein x is in the storage unit*The I path of (n) is multiplied by the real part of the coefficient w (n), and the Q path is multiplied by the imaginary part of the coefficient w (n).
7. The IQ imbalance correction system according to claim 5, wherein the initial value of w (n) in the memory unit comprises zero.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112748409A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-04 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | FPGA-based interference signal compression storage method |
| CN112748409B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2024-02-13 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | FPGA-based interference signal compression storage method |
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