CN111600331A - Synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for photovoltaic power station - Google Patents

Synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for photovoltaic power station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111600331A
CN111600331A CN202010267106.3A CN202010267106A CN111600331A CN 111600331 A CN111600331 A CN 111600331A CN 202010267106 A CN202010267106 A CN 202010267106A CN 111600331 A CN111600331 A CN 111600331A
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grid
photovoltaic
power
synchronous
inverter
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黄永章
王颢雄
徐大可
盛德刚
戴罡
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Daqo Group Co Ltd
Nanjing Daqo Electrical Institute Co Ltd
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Daqo Group Co Ltd
Nanjing Daqo Electrical Institute Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic electric field, a photovoltaic inverter, a synchronous machine grid-connected system, a sensor module, a control module and a power grid; electric energy generated by the photovoltaic electric field is inverted by a photovoltaic inverter and then is connected with a synchronous machine grid-connected system and is merged into a power grid; the output signal of the synchronous machine grid-connected system is fed back to the control module after data is collected by the first sensor module; the second sensor module collects voltage angular frequency and voltage phase signals of the power grid and feeds the signals back to the control module; the control module outputs SPWM waves to control the on-off of a switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter according to the electrical parameters collected by the first sensor and the second sensor. The invention connects the trap circuit at the output end of the photovoltaic inverter, greatly reduces the output noise of the inverter, and adopts the synchronous machine grid-connected system, thereby achieving the purpose that the photovoltaic power supply is smoothly connected into the power grid to realize no overlarge impact on the power grid.

Description

Synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for photovoltaic power station
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grid-connected device, in particular to a synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for a photovoltaic power station.
Background
In order to protect the global environment and reduce the proportion of fossil energy, the new energy is used for power generation to replace the traditional thermal power plant, the increase of the proportion of the new energy is an important means, and a high-permeability new energy power system is a great trend of the development of a future power system. However, the rapid development of new energy sources also brings new challenges. The new energy power generation is generally connected to a power grid through a power electronic converter, and compared with a traditional grid connection mode (such as a thermal power generating unit), the method has the characteristic of quick and flexible control, but has the defects of nonlinearity and insufficient inertia. With the continuous penetration of new energy power generation, a large number of grid-connected power electronic inverters appear in a power grid. Conversely, the proportion of a conventional synchronous generator may be reduced, thereby reducing the rotational reserve capacity and the moment of inertia of the grid, thereby compromising the frequency stability of the grid. The existing improvements focus on the control strategy of the inverter, but the control improvement method cannot fundamentally change the defects of the power electronic inverter. For photovoltaic power generation, an energy storage link must be additionally configured for virtual inertia control, so that the cost is greatly increased, and the development of the industry is not facilitated.
In the prior art, for example, chinese patent application (application number: 201810134504.0) discloses an experimental apparatus and method for studying a high-permeability new energy power system, where the experimental apparatus is composed of a driving power supply and an MGP system, the driving power supply is connected to the MGP system and a local load, and the MGP system is connected to a power grid and a load; the MGP system also comprises a measuring device which is connected to a measuring point of the synchronous motor pair; the method comprises the following steps: the parallel operation of multiple converters in a high-permeability new energy power system is researched; inertia and frequency stability, voltage stability, small interference stability and damping, transient power angle stability, MGP system grid connection and grid disconnection characteristics and new energy harmonic waves of the system are researched. However, this prior art only stays in the experimental stage and only gives a design idea, and a control method taken to achieve the technical problem to be solved and to achieve the technical effect thereof is not described in detail. For another example, the chinese patent application (application No. 201910670167.1) discloses a multi-winding synchronous motor pair system suitable for driving multiple converters, and another chinese patent application (application No. 201910774237.8) discloses a new energy grid-connected control system and method based on a new energy synchronous machine, both of which use a complex mechanism algorithm to sample the new energy, the inverter and the output end of the generator and then perform a certain control algorithm to achieve their respective purposes, and the implementation of this technical means inevitably causes difficulty in maintenance in practical application, increases social cost, and is not beneficial to wide popularization and application.
Furthermore, chinese patent (application No. CN2012205047941) discloses a three-phase grid-connected synchronous inverter simulating a synchronous generator, which includes a dc power supply, a three-phase inverter, a filter, an isolation transformer, a controller, an ac current detection circuit, an ac voltage detection circuit, a dc side voltage detection circuit, and an upper computer, and is characterized in that the three-phase inverter includes three groups of IGBT modules connected in parallel; the direct-current power supply, the three-phase inverter, the filter and the isolation transformer are sequentially connected, the alternating-current detection circuit, the alternating-current voltage detection circuit and the direct-current side voltage detection circuit are all connected with the controller, and the controller drives the IGBT module through the driving protection module; the direct current side voltage detection circuit is connected with the input end of the three-phase inverter, the alternating current detection circuit is connected with the output end of the three-phase inverter, and the alternating voltage detection circuit is connected with the filter; the controller is connected between the filter and the isolation transformer through a phase-locked loop circuit; the controller is connected with the upper computer in a bidirectional mode. However, the inverter is not a new energy source, and the output noise is large in practical application, and no suitable filter is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for a photovoltaic power station, so that the synchronous motor pair grid-connected device is simple in structure, reasonable in design and suitable for wide application and popularization.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic electric field, a photovoltaic inverter, a synchronous machine grid-connected system, a sensor module, a control module and a power grid; electric energy generated by the photovoltaic electric field is inverted by a photovoltaic inverter and then is connected with a synchronous machine grid-connected system and is merged into a power grid; the output signal of the synchronous machine grid-connected system is fed back to the control module after data is collected by the first sensor module; the second sensor module collects voltage angular frequency and voltage phase signals of the power grid and feeds the signals back to the control module; the control module outputs SPWM waves to control the on-off of a switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter according to the electrical parameters collected by the first sensor and the second sensor; it is characterized in that: the output end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected with a wave trap circuit, and the wave trap circuit comprises a wave trap filter and a low-pass filter; the notch filter is connected with one end of the low-pass filter; the other end of the low-pass filter is connected with a synchronous motor of a synchronous machine grid-connected system; the synchronous machine grid-connected system is formed by coaxially connecting a synchronous motor and a rotor of a synchronous generator; the synchronous motor is connected with the voltage source type photovoltaic inverter, and the photovoltaic electric field is connected with the voltage source type photovoltaic inverter; the synchronous generator is connected with the power grid. The output end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected with a wave trap circuit, and the wave trap circuit comprises a wave trap filter and a low-pass filter; the notch filter is connected with one end of the low-pass filter; the other end of the low-pass filter is connected with a synchronous motor of a synchronous machine grid-connected system; the synchronous machine grid-connected system is formed by coaxially connecting a synchronous motor and a rotor of a synchronous generator; the synchronous motor is connected with the voltage source type photovoltaic inverter, and the photovoltaic electric field is connected with the voltage source type photovoltaic inverter; the synchronous generator is connected with the power grid.
Preferably: the electric parameters collected by the first sensor comprise active power output by a synchronous motor grid-connected system, and the active power is compared with reference active power and then phase adjustment quantity is output after PI control.
Preferably: the electrical parameters collected by the first sensor comprise output voltage and current signals of the synchronous generator.
Preferably: the second sensor collects the voltage frequency f of the power grid and compares the voltage frequency f with a frequency reference value frefThe deviation delta f is subjected to droop control to obtain delta P, and the delta P is compared with the reference power PrefAdding to obtain mechanical power Pm
Preferably: the notch filter impedance is Z(s) ═ s/Ct)/(s2+1/LtCt) (ii) a The transition frequency of the notch filter is:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000031
wherein fct should be consistent with the inverter switching frequency, and C, L are capacitance, inductance values.
Has the advantages that:
the output end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected with the wave trap circuit, so that the output noise of the inverter is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, a synchronous machine grid-connected system is adopted, so that the purpose that a photovoltaic power supply is smoothly connected into a power grid to achieve no overlarge impact on the power grid is achieved; the grid-connected device is simple in structure, real grid-connected access is realized, the flexible grid-connected and dispatching receiving capacity of new energy is improved, and the wind and light abandoning capacity is remarkably reduced, so that the investment cost of the new energy is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for a photovoltaic power station according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a grid-connected inverter-synchronous motor system and a trap of a photovoltaic power plant synchronous motor pair according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a structure of a synchronous machine grid-connected system in a grid-connected device by using a synchronous machine for a photovoltaic power station.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system mechanical model in a grid-connected device of a synchronous motor for a photovoltaic power station according to the present invention.
Wherein, the parameter meanings in the figure are as follows:
Δ θ: a phase adjustment amount; ω g: angular frequency of the grid voltage;
θ g: a grid voltage phase; pref: the synchronous generator outputs an active power reference value; Δ f: a frequency adjustment amount; JM is the rotor moment of inertia, and ω n is the motor speed; wMRotor kinetic energy; the inertia of the synchronous motor can be determined by an inertia time constant H; SNg is the rated capacity of the synchronous generator; the inertia time constant HC of the inverter.
Detailed Description
The synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic electric field, a photovoltaic inverter, a synchronous machine grid-connected system, a sensor module, a control module and a power grid; it is characterized in that: electric energy generated by the photovoltaic electric field is inverted by a photovoltaic inverter and then is connected with a synchronous machine grid-connected system and is merged into a power grid; the output signal of the synchronous machine grid-connected system is fed back to the control module after data is collected by the first sensor module; the second sensor module collects voltage angular frequency and voltage phase signals of the power grid and feeds the signals back to the control module; the control module outputs SPWM waves with certain duty ratio according to the electric parameters collected by the first sensor and the second sensor to control the on-off of a switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter. The electric parameter collected by the first sensor is the active power output by the synchronous machine grid-connected system, and the active power is compared with the reference active power and then is subjected to PI control to output the phase adjustment quantity.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a synchronous motor for a photovoltaic power station for a grid-connected inverter-synchronous motor system and a wave trap.
The high frequency of the power electronic device improves many characteristics of the three-phase inverter, but the high frequency brings a series of other problems, for example, the high dv/dt easily makes the distributed capacitance of the inductive load not negligible, thereby causing the electromagnetic compatibility of the whole system to be poor.
The invention designs a notch filter and a low-pass RLC filter which are connected in series, thereby forming a new output filter topology which not only can reduce the switching harmonic component, but also can reduce the requirement on the low-pass filter. The filter topology is output by a conventional three-phase inverter with a low pass RfLfCfFilter and notch filter RtCtAre connected in series.
In the inverter-synchronous motor system according to the present invention, the impedance of one phase winding is:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000041
RfLfCfthe transfer function of the filter is
H(s)=(RfCfs+1)/(s2LfCf+sRfCf+1), then RfLfCfIn topology
RfCfThe impedance of the branch is:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000042
the bending frequency of the filter, the damping factor, the resonant frequency of the motor winding and the filter capacitor, and the like, and the damping factor W for the output filter is (R/2). (C/L)1/2At 0, the system is unstable, so
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000051
Inductive load (synchronous machine) coil and low-pass filter RfLfCfA resonant frequency of the capacitor of
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000052
The output filters must avoid their resonance points in order to avoid outer loop instability, and therefore CfThe selection range is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000053
wherein f ismIs the resonant frequency, R, of the low-pass filter and the motor windingfLfCfThe corner frequency fc of the filter is:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000054
notch filtering RtCtThe turning of the notch filter has a close relation with the carrier frequency, and the impedance of the notch filter is Z(s) ((s/Ct)/(s))2+1/LtCt) (ii) a The transition frequency of the notch filter is:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000055
wherein fct should be consistent with inverter switching frequency, and there is no strict limit on the choice of Lt and Ct if notch filter R is usedtCtAnd RfLfCfThe low-pass filters are connected in series to obtain a very good filtering effect, firstly, the notch filter eliminates the harmonic at the switching frequency, and then RfLfCfSuch a filtering topology, while reducing the pair RfLfCfToo low a breakover frequency requires and correspondingly increases the damping resistance.
At the end of the new energy farm, a set of motor pairs consisting of synchronous motors and synchronous generators is added, then into the grid. Considering that the total capacity of a new energy electric field usually reaches megawatts, a common direct current motor and an induction motor are difficult to achieve the capacity, and the existing capacity of a synchronous generator can reach hundreds of megawatts, so that the generator and the motor are designed as the synchronous motor.
For synchronous generators and synchronous motors used in synchronous machine grid-connected systems, the rotor inertia is determined by the rotor mass and the rotor speed. When a synchronous motor and a generator in a synchronous machine grid-connected system run, the inertia of the synchronous motor and the generator can be approximately a constant, and the inertia of the synchronous motor and the generator is about 65% of the inertia of a thermal power generating unit with the same capacity. Because two synchronous machines in the synchronous machine grid-connected system are coaxially connected, the rotating speed and the rotating speed change of the two motors are assumed to be the same, and the steady-state mechanical torque of the two motor rotors is also the same. It can be assumed that the two motors use separate electromagnetic equations and electromagnetic torques, using the same mechanical system. Assuming that inertia time constants of the two motors are HG and HM, electromagnetic torques are TeG and TeM, rotor angles are delta g and M, damping coefficients are KDG and KDM, obtaining:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000061
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000062
considering that the electromagnetic torque of the generator is smaller than that of the motor when the synchronous machine grid-connected system is accelerated, the electromagnetic torque T of the generator is set hereeGIs positive, the electromagnetic torque T of the motor* eMIs negative. Then, a system mechanical model block diagram as shown in fig. 4 can be obtained.
Based on the transmission function of the mechanical model, a synchronous machine grid-connected system model diagram can be obtained as shown in fig. 3, wherein Usource and Ugrid are terminal voltages of the motor and the generator; isource, Igrid is the motor and generator stator currents; Δ m, Δ G is the change in rotor angle of the motor and generator; Δ ω is the rotor speed variation. The generator and the motor are respectively provided with a set of electromagnetic system, and the electromagnetic torque input by the mechanical system can be calculated. And further, the rotor speed and the rotor position of the synchronous machine grid-connected system can be calculated. The rotation speed and the rotor position of the two motors are the same. Meanwhile, the position and the rotating speed of the rotor are input into two electromechanical parts and participate in the calculation of the electromagnetic torque.
Based on the theoretical mechanical model of the synchronous machine grid-connected system and the control model thereof, the control process of the invention is realized by adopting the conventional technical means in the field of simple motor control, such as phase-locked loop and PI control, and the specific working principle is as follows:
after the output end of the synchronous generator in the synchronous machine grid-connected system collects output voltage and current signals through the first sensor module, the output active power P of the synchronous generator is obtained through the power calculation module in the control moduleoAnd reactive power Qo(ii) a The invention adopts a PLL to detect the voltage frequency f of the power grid, and the voltage frequency f and the frequency reference value f are comparedrefThe deviation delta f is subjected to droop control to obtain delta P, and the delta P is compared with the reference power PrefAdding to obtain mechanical power PmTo apply mechanical power PmThe difference of the active power P and the reference power P is calculated and then the rated angular velocity omega is divided0 is thatAnd obtaining a torque difference delta T, acquiring the angular speed change rate d omega/dt and the deviation value delta omega of the output shaft of the synchronous generator, then adopting self-adaptation to obtain a rotary inertia J, obtaining the output angular speed omega of the synchronous generator through a rotor motion equation, and obtaining an excitation electromotive force phase angle theta of the synchronous generator after integral operation of the output angular speed omega of the synchronous generator. By the reactive power Q, reference power Q collectedrefAnd a reference voltage UrefAnd obtaining the reference potential E of the generator through a PI regulator after droop control. And inputting the excitation electromotive force phase angle theta and the reference electromotive force E into a stator voltage equation to obtain an SPWM trigonometric function equation, and outputting SPWM waves to the frequency converter through the trigonometric function equation for controlling the on-off state of a switching tube on the frequency converter. And the photovoltaic inverter transmits the inverted electric signal to the synchronous motor after passing through the output wave filter according to the SPWM wave.
In the above working principle, the adopted technology such as "droop control" belongs to the prior art, and reference can be made to the prior art such as chinese patent application, publication No.: CN110336319A, the name of the invention is a control method of a power droop-based photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, or a publication number: CN110890768A discloses a power distribution method in a low-voltage ac microgrid island mode, and the like, all of which adopt the technology in detail.
The synchronous motor of the photovoltaic power station is a grid-connected device, the new property of the traditional thermal power generating unit of the photovoltaic new energy is endowed, the stable operation capability is technically improved, the real friendly access is realized, the flexible grid-connection and scheduling receiving capability of the new energy is improved, the wind and light abandoning capacity is obviously reduced, and the investment cost of a new energy electric field is obviously reduced. The invention is suitable for occasions of large-scale new energy grid connection such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like. The photovoltaic inverter and the control system thereof are produced by Jiangsu Daokkai Safan electric appliance GmbH, and the device is subjected to test operation in photovoltaic fields such as Xinjiang and Zhangkou, the operation is stable, and the production efficiency and the social efficiency are greatly improved. The technical indexes of the currently adopted 50MW photovoltaic electric field synchronous motor to the grid-connected device are shown in the following table.
Taking a 50MW photovoltaic electric field as an example, the specific indexes are as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002566705090000071
furthermore, there are similar prior art techniques such as:
CN 102709943A; CN 102946112A; CN 105790307A; CN 108134402A; CN 107591834A; CN 107104458A; CN 10641083A; CN108092309A and the like, although the technical solutions disclosed above are all that the new photovoltaic energy is grid-connected through an inverter, the technical solutions adopted by the above methods are different from the technical solutions adopted by the present invention, and meanwhile, the technical solutions of the present invention cannot be determined by those skilled in the art without any doubt according to the above prior art.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. The synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic electric field, a photovoltaic inverter, a synchronous machine grid-connected system, a sensor module, a control module and a power grid; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic electric field is inverted by a photovoltaic inverter and then is connected with a synchronous machine grid-connected system and is merged into a power grid; the output signal of the synchronous machine grid-connected system is fed back to the control module after data is collected by the first sensor module; the second sensor module collects voltage angular frequency and voltage phase signals of the power grid and feeds the signals back to the control module; the control module outputs SPWM waves to control the on-off of a switching tube in the photovoltaic inverter according to the electrical parameters collected by the first sensor and the second sensor; it is characterized in that: the output end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected with a wave trap circuit, and the wave trap circuit comprises a wave trap filter and a low-pass filter; one end of the notch filter and one end of the low-pass filter are connected, and the impedance of the notch filter is Z(s) ═ s/Ct)/(s2+ 1/LtCt); the transition frequency of the notch filter is:
Figure FDA0002440858300000011
wherein fct should be consistent with the inverter switching frequency, and C and L are parallel capacitance and inductance values; the other end of the low-pass filter is connected with a synchronous motor of a synchronous machine grid-connected system; the synchronous machine grid-connected system is formed by coaxially connecting a synchronous motor and a rotor of a synchronous generator; the synchronous motor is connected with the photovoltaic inverter, and the photovoltaic electric field is connected with the photovoltaic inverter; the synchronous generator is connected with the power grid.
2. The synchronous motor pair grid-connection device for photovoltaic power stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electric parameters collected by the first sensor comprise active power output by a synchronous motor grid-connected system, and the active power is compared with reference active power and then phase adjustment quantity is output after PI control.
3. The synchronous motor pair grid-connection device for photovoltaic power stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrical parameters collected by the first sensor comprise electrical parameter signals of output voltage and current of the synchronous generator.
4. The synchronous motor pair grid-connection device for photovoltaic power stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic inverter is a voltage source type photovoltaic inverter.
CN202010267106.3A 2020-04-03 2020-04-03 Synchronous motor pair grid-connected device for photovoltaic power station Pending CN111600331A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112564173A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-03-26 贵州电网有限责任公司 Active power regulating system based on photovoltaic array MGP is incorporated into power networks

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112564173A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-03-26 贵州电网有限责任公司 Active power regulating system based on photovoltaic array MGP is incorporated into power networks
CN112564173B (en) * 2020-12-15 2023-09-12 贵州电网有限责任公司 Active power regulating system based on grid connection of photovoltaic array MGP

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