CN111598350A - Power distribution network line loss reduction method and device and readable storage medium - Google Patents
Power distribution network line loss reduction method and device and readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for reducing loss of a power distribution network line and a readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing time interval decomposition based on the power distribution network data to determine a power distribution network dynamic topology; analyzing a power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period; and optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period. According to the method, time interval decomposition is carried out based on the network data of the power distribution network, model analysis is constructed to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time interval, finally, the switching state of the power distribution network is optimized according to the dynamic reconstruction time interval, and voltage collapse can be effectively avoided through the dynamic reconstruction time interval, so that the voltage quality of the power distribution network is improved, the network loss and the line loss of the power distribution network are reduced, and the voltage quality is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid economic operation, in particular to a method and a device for reducing loss of a power distribution network line and a readable storage medium.
Background
The line loss is an important index reflecting the power supply economy of the power distribution network, and accounts for part of the operation cost in the operation process of a power grid enterprise. With the continuous push of the new power system innovation, the line loss management of the power grid becomes an important means for enterprise profit. Because the power distribution network usually adopts a closed-loop design and an open-loop operation mode, a large number of normally closed switches and a small number of interconnection switches are arranged in the power distribution network, and the grid structure of the power distribution network is usually fixed. However, because the loads in the power distribution network have the characteristics of space-time difference, if the network topology of the power distribution network is kept unchanged, the power flow distribution in different periods is uneven, the line loss of the power distribution network is high, and partial node voltage collapse is serious. With the development of the smart power grid, switches in the power distribution network can be controlled through power electronic equipment, and the switches are also called flexible switches, so that the dynamic reconfiguration method for the power distribution network is researched, and the method has important significance for reducing line loss and realizing economic operation of the power distribution network.
The most common loss reduction strategy at present is to carry out technical loss reduction by methods such as management, distribution and dispatching through cooperation to eliminate line loss abnormity caused in management aspect, and replacement of high-energy-consumption distribution transformer or switching and modification of heavy-load lines. At present, line loss work of an electric power enterprise is the most difficult work in the aspects of calculation and management, electric power workers have low understanding on line loss, the management is extensive, the existing archive data quality is low, the engineering investment is too high, and the like, so that the improvement of line loss rate indexes is seriously restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method, an apparatus and a readable storage medium for reducing loss of a power distribution network line, so as to optimize a switching state of the power distribution network to achieve the purpose of reducing active line loss of the power distribution network all day long.
One of the purposes of the present invention is realized by such a technical solution, a method for reducing loss of a power distribution network line, comprising:
performing time interval decomposition on the basis of the power distribution network data within a preset time length to determine a power distribution network dynamic topology;
analyzing a power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
Optionally, the time interval decomposition is performed based on the power distribution network data within the preset time length to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network, including:
decomposing the preset duration according to a plurality of time periods of a preset number;
and determining the dynamic topology of the power distribution network based on the network parameters of the power distribution network, the initial state of the topology of the power distribution network and the load space-time distribution curve of the topology of the power distribution network in each time period.
Optionally, performing time interval decomposition based on the power distribution network data to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network, further includes:
and merging the power distribution network dynamic topologies with the same topological structures and continuous time periods to obtain the power distribution network dynamic topology.
Optionally, constructing a power distribution network reconstruction model according to the power distribution network dynamic topology includes:
constructing a target function by taking the minimum all-day active line loss as a target according to the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
and establishing constraint conditions of the objective function according to the node active power balance, the node reactive power balance, the node voltage upper and lower limits, the radial topology tree of the power distribution network, the line power transmission capacity and the number of switching actions of the power distribution network.
Optionally, analyzing the power distribution network reconfiguration model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconfiguration time period includes:
and solving by using a power flow relaxation method according to the objective function and the constraint condition to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period.
Optionally, after the switch state of the power distribution network is optimized according to the dynamic reconfiguration time period, the method further includes:
updating the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network;
and if the optimized switch state meets the constraint condition of the number of switch actions, determining the corresponding switch state.
Optionally, after the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network are updated, the method further includes:
if the optimized switch state does not meet the switch action frequency constraint condition;
and combining two adjacent dynamic reconstruction time periods and adding a switch deflection quantity constraint condition until the switch action time constraint condition is met.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the technical scheme, and the loss reduction device for the power distribution network line comprises the following components:
the topology construction module is used for carrying out time interval decomposition on the basis of the network data of the power distribution network so as to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and the optimization module is used for optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
The third object of the present invention is achieved by a computer-readable storage medium, which stores an implementation program for information transfer, and when the program is executed by a processor, the method implements the steps of the foregoing method.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: according to the method, time interval decomposition is carried out based on the network data of the power distribution network, model analysis is constructed to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time interval, finally, the switching state of the power distribution network is optimized according to the dynamic reconstruction time interval, and voltage collapse can be effectively avoided through the dynamic reconstruction time interval, so that the voltage quality of the power distribution network is improved, the network loss and the line loss of the power distribution network are reduced, and the voltage quality is effectively improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a grid structure of a distribution network according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the load shape factor of different functional areas of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a topological situation during a day for the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a voltage space-time distribution of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a minimum voltage curve of a distribution network according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a full antenna loss curve of a distribution network according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example one
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing loss of a power distribution network line, as shown in fig. 1, including:
performing time interval decomposition on the basis of the power distribution network data within a preset time length to determine a power distribution network dynamic topology;
analyzing a power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
According to the method, time interval decomposition is carried out based on the network data of the power distribution network, model analysis is constructed to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time interval, finally, the switching state of the power distribution network is optimized according to the dynamic reconstruction time interval, and voltage collapse can be effectively avoided through the dynamic reconstruction time interval, so that the voltage quality of the power distribution network is improved, the network loss and the line loss of the power distribution network are reduced, and the voltage quality is effectively improved.
Optionally, the time interval decomposition is performed based on the power distribution network data within the preset time length to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network, including:
decomposing the preset duration according to a plurality of time periods of a preset number;
and determining the dynamic topology of the power distribution network based on the network parameters of the power distribution network, the initial state of the topology of the power distribution network and the load space-time distribution curve of the topology of the power distribution network in each time period.
Specifically, in this embodiment, first, initialization parameters including network parameters of the power distribution network, an initial state of the power distribution network topology, and a load space-time distribution curve are performed, and then, according to a preset number of time periods in a day, for example, in this embodiment, a day is divided into 24 time periods, and each hour is optimized, so as to obtain a 24-hour power distribution network dynamic topology in the day.
Optionally, performing time interval decomposition based on the power distribution network data to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network, further includes:
and merging the power distribution network dynamic topologies with the same topological structures and continuous time periods to obtain the power distribution network dynamic topology.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the results having the same topology and continuous time are combined, so that the results are divided into a plurality of typical time periods according to 24 time periods of a day to obtain a typical dynamic topology of the power distribution network.
Optionally, constructing a power distribution network reconstruction model according to the power distribution network dynamic topology includes:
constructing a target function by taking the minimum all-day active line loss as a target according to the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
and establishing constraint conditions of the objective function according to the node active power balance, the node reactive power balance, the node voltage upper and lower limits, the radial topology tree of the power distribution network, the line power transmission capacity and the number of switching actions of the power distribution network.
Specifically, in this embodiment, optimizing the topology of the power distribution network in different time periods includes:
firstly, a power distribution network reconstruction model is constructed according to a power distribution network dynamic topology, in the embodiment, the power distribution network reconstruction aims at reducing line loss of a system, so that the active line loss of the power distribution network all day is reduced by optimizing the switching state in each time period, and the constructed objective function is as follows:
wherein T represents a scheduling time within 24 hours; n represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network; gijRepresents the conductance of branch ij; vi,tRepresents the voltage of node i during time t; thetaij,tRepresenting the power angle difference of branch ij during time t, C (i) representing the node connected to node j αij,tIndicating the connected state of branch ij during period t, α ij,t1 denotes that branch ij is connected, α ij,t0 means branch ij is open; Δ t represents a scheduling period, which may be taken to be 15 minutes in this embodiment.
Then, the following constraint conditions are also required to be met during power distribution network reconstruction:
(1) node active power balance constraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and the real load size of the node i at the time t is shown.
(2) Node reactive power balance constraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and the reactive load magnitude of the node i at the time t is shown.
(3) Upper and lower limits of node voltage
Vimin≤Vi,t≤Vimax
In the formula, ViminAnd VimaxRespectively representing the upper and lower voltage amplitude limits of the node i.
(4) Radial topology tree constraints for power distribution networks
βij+βji＝αij
β0j＝0
0≤αij≤1
Wherein β represents the hierarchical relationship between node i and node j, βijSay 1 that i is the parent of j, βijSay 0 that i is not the parent of j, β 0j0 means that the balanced node must not be the parent node.
(5) Line power transfer capacity constraints
In the formula, PlineIndicating the line safety capacity.
(6) Limitation of number of switching actions
Wherein L represents all line sets, NmIndicates the maximum number of operation switches.
Optionally, analyzing the power distribution network reconfiguration model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconfiguration time period includes:
and solving by using a power flow relaxation method according to the objective function and the constraint condition to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period.
Specifically, in this embodiment, analyzing the power distribution network reconstruction problem by using a power flow relaxation method based on the constructed objective function and constraint conditions includes:
since the power flow equation has a Nonlinear characteristic and the switching state is a 01 variable, the power distribution network reconstruction problem in this embodiment is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear programming problem (MINLP), and meanwhile, since the power flow equation is non-convex, the power distribution network reconstruction problem is difficult to solve by an analytic method. Therefore, in this embodiment, the original power flow equation is equivalently replaced by using the power flow relaxation method:
Rij,t＝Vi,tVj,tcosθij,t
Tij,t＝Vi,tVj,tsinθij,t
the active injected power of the node is converted into:
the reactive injection power of the node is converted into:
can obtain the product
In order to consider the reconstruction problem of the power distribution network, virtual voltage related to a line connection variable is introduced
And
if αηWhen 1, then there are
And
if αηWhen 0, then there are
It can be guaranteed to be true.
The objective function can be expressed as:
node active power balance constraint
Node reactive power balance constraint
Line safety capacity constraints
|GijRij,t+BijTij-Gijui,t|≤Pline
The power flow equations are converted into linear expressions, and because redundant variables are introduced into the expressions, original variables must be constrained, so that the accuracy of variable replacement is guaranteed.
The solution space corresponding to the above equation is a cone, so that the problem is not convex, the solution space is relaxed to a cone, and when the objective function has enough gradient, the optimal solution is returned to the cone, so that the reconstruction problem is converted into a Mixed Integer Second-Order cone Programming (MISOCP), and the global optimal solution can be obtained within a limited time.
Optionally, after the switch state of the power distribution network is optimized according to the dynamic reconfiguration time period, the method further includes:
updating the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network;
and if the optimized switch state meets the constraint condition of the number of switch actions, determining the corresponding switch state.
Optionally, after the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network are updated, the method further includes:
if the optimized switch state does not meet the switch action frequency constraint condition;
and combining two adjacent dynamic reconstruction time periods and adding a switch deflection quantity constraint condition until the switch action time constraint condition is met.
Specifically, optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period includes dividing the dynamic reconstruction time period, so as to perform optimization solution on the switching state of each time period to obtain a corresponding switching state, and specifically includes:
dividing the dynamic reconstruction time period, and optimally solving to obtain the switch state of each time period;
and updating the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network, judging whether the switch states in different time periods meet the constraint condition of the number of switch actions, if so, outputting the switch states in different time periods to obtain a dynamic reconstruction strategy, otherwise, combining and optimizing the two time periods and adding the constraint of the number of switch deflection until the constraint condition of the number of switch actions is met.
In conclusion, the invention can effectively avoid voltage collapse through power distribution network reconstruction, thereby improving the voltage quality of the power distribution network and reducing the network loss. The dynamic reconfiguration strategy of the power distribution network provided by the invention can improve the power flow distribution of the power distribution network, reduce the line loss of the power distribution network and improve the voltage quality, and the dynamic reconfiguration strategy has little difference with the dynamic topology strategy on the lowest voltage of the power distribution network and the whole antenna loss, can greatly reduce the times of switching actions, plays a key role in reducing the loss of the power distribution network and has high engineering application value.
Example two
The embodiment provides an implementation case of a loss reduction method for a power distribution network line, which is an IEEE33 node power distribution network system, and a grid structure of the power distribution network is shown in fig. 2, wherein a node 0 is a balanced node, and a rated voltage of the power distribution network is 12.66 kV. There are 32 groups of normally closed switches in the distribution network, 5 groups of interconnection switches, because the distribution network will guarantee radial operation, therefore the initial condition of IEEE33 distribution network is that 32 normally closed switches are all closed, and 5 interconnection switches are all opened. The method divides the power distribution network into three functional areas, namely an office area, a business area and a residential area, wherein the load characteristics of the different functional areas are different, the load shape coefficient curve is shown in figure 3, and the data is obtained from the measured data of the power distribution network in Wuhan.
In this embodiment, the dynamic reconfiguration switch action strategy of the power distribution network obtained by establishing a reconfiguration model through the YALMIP toolbox and solving the reconfiguration model by using the GUROBI solver is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 dynamic reconfiguration switch action strategy
It can be seen that the day is divided into three typical time periods, 8 am before, 8 am to 5 pm, and 5 pm to night, respectively. Analyzing the load curve to know that the load difference between different functional areas in the three time periods is obvious, for example, the loads of a business area and a residential area before 8 o' clock in the morning are small, and the loads are mainly concentrated in an office area; the load of the business area is greatly increased in the time period from 8 am to 5 pm, and the load change of the residential area and the office area is not obvious; from 5 pm to night hours, the load of residential areas increases greatly and the load of commercial areas starts to decrease. Therefore, load difference in different time periods can cause uneven power flow distribution of the power distribution network, and power flow distribution of the power distribution network can be improved through power distribution network reconstruction, so that line loss is reduced, and voltage quality is improved. The specific topological state during the day is shown in fig. 4, and the red line segment is the switch that was actuated compared to the previous time period.
Fig. 5 to 7 show the comparison between the dynamic reconfiguration strategy of the method of the present invention and the voltage space-time distribution, the lowest voltage curve, and the line loss in each time period of the original grid structure of the power distribution network, and it can be seen from the figure that the voltage of the power distribution network throughout the day is 0.9898pu as the lowest after the dynamic reconfiguration strategy is adopted, and it can be seen that the voltage of the power distribution network after the dynamic reconfiguration strategy is adopted is in the normal range, the node voltage stability of the power distribution network is significantly improved, and particularly at 12 pm, the voltage collapse can be effectively avoided through the reconfiguration of the power distribution network, so as to improve the voltage quality of the power distribution network, and the line loss of the power distribution network in each hour is reduced, so that the line loss of the power distribution network can be effectively reduced by.
Table 2 lists comparison conditions between different reconstruction strategies, and it can be seen that when a power distribution network reconstruction strategy is not adopted, the total antenna loss of the power distribution network is 2.0928MWh, and the line loss of the power distribution network after the reconstruction strategy is adopted can be reduced to 1.47-1.48 MWh; meanwhile, the lowest voltage of the power distribution network is increased from 0.9758pu to 0.99pu, which shows that the dynamic reconfiguration strategy of the power distribution network can improve the power flow distribution of the power distribution network, reduce the line loss of the power distribution network and improve the voltage quality. Meanwhile, the dynamic topological strategy of the power distribution network frame structure is continuously changed, the switching needs to be carried out 18 times within one day, the dynamic reconstruction strategy provided by the text only needs to be carried out 7 times, the difference between the full antenna loss and the lowest voltage of the power distribution network and the dynamic topological strategy is not large, and the switching action times can be greatly reduced, so that the dynamic reconstruction strategy provided by the method has high engineering application value.
Table 2 comparison of different reconstruction strategy results
EXAMPLE III
A third embodiment of the present invention provides a loss reduction device for a power distribution network line, including:
the topology construction module is used for carrying out time interval decomposition on the basis of the network data of the power distribution network so as to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and the optimization module is used for optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
The device carries out time interval decomposition and model construction analysis based on the network data of the power distribution network to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time interval, and finally optimizes the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time interval, and the voltage collapse can be effectively avoided through the dynamic reconstruction time interval, so that the voltage quality of the power distribution network is improved, the network loss and the line loss of the power distribution network are reduced, and the voltage quality is effectively improved.
Example four
A fourth embodiment of the present invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium, on which an implementation program for information transfer is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the aforementioned method.
Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium stores an implementation program for information transfer, and when the implementation program is executed, the method for reducing loss of a power distribution network line according to the first embodiment is implemented.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered thereby.
Claims (9)
1. A loss reduction method for a power distribution network line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing time interval decomposition on the basis of the power distribution network data within a preset time length to determine a power distribution network dynamic topology;
analyzing a power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
2. The method for reducing the loss of the power distribution network line of claim 1, wherein the time period decomposition is performed on the basis of the power distribution network data within a preset time period to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network, and the method comprises the following steps:
decomposing the preset duration according to a plurality of time periods of a preset number;
and determining the dynamic topology of the power distribution network based on the network parameters of the power distribution network, the initial state of the topology of the power distribution network and the load space-time distribution curve of the topology of the power distribution network in each time period.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the period decomposition is performed based on the network data of the distribution network to determine the dynamic topology of the distribution network, further comprising:
and merging the power distribution network dynamic topologies with the same topological structures and continuous time periods to obtain the power distribution network dynamic topology.
4. The method for reducing the loss of the power distribution network line in claim 1, wherein constructing a power distribution network reconstruction model according to the power distribution network dynamic topology comprises the following steps:
constructing a target function by taking the minimum all-day active line loss as a target according to the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
and establishing constraint conditions of the objective function according to the node active power balance, the node reactive power balance, the node voltage upper and lower limits, the radial topology tree of the power distribution network, the line power transmission capacity and the number of switching actions of the power distribution network.
5. The method for reducing loss of a power distribution network line according to claim 4, wherein analyzing a power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction period comprises:
and solving by using a power flow relaxation method according to the objective function and the constraint condition to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period.
6. The method for reducing loss of a power distribution network line according to claim 5, wherein after the optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconfiguration period, the method further comprises:
updating the switch state and the load flow variable after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network;
and if the optimized switch state meets the constraint condition of the number of switch actions, determining the corresponding switch state.
7. The method for reducing the loss of the power distribution network line according to claim 6, wherein after updating the switch states and the power flow variables after the dynamic topology optimization of the power distribution network, the method further comprises the following steps:
if the optimized switch state does not meet the switch action frequency constraint condition;
and combining two adjacent dynamic reconstruction time periods and adding a switch deflection quantity constraint condition until the switch action time constraint condition is met.
8. A distribution network line loss reduction device, characterized by includes:
the topology construction module is used for carrying out time interval decomposition on the basis of the network data of the power distribution network so as to determine the dynamic topology of the power distribution network;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the power distribution network reconstruction model determined according to the power distribution network dynamic topology to obtain a dynamic reconstruction time period;
and the optimization module is used for optimizing the switching state of the power distribution network according to the dynamic reconstruction time period.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon a program for implementing the transfer of information, which program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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