CN111597536A - Hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
- G06F21/33—User authentication using certificates
- G06F21/335—User authentication using certificates for accessing specific resources, e.g. using Kerberos tickets
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- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
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- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
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- G06F11/1464—Management of the backup or restore process for networked environments
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method, which comprises the steps of deploying a plurality of kerberos servers on different Linux servers; the Linux timer calls a shell script at regular time to synchronize and backup data of a plurality of kerberos servers; hadoop configures all kdc server addresses used at the kdc parameter of krb5.conf when kerberos authentication is initiated; in the Hadoop cluster, nodes adjust kerberos authentication priority sequence by adjusting kdc parameter sequence, a kerberos server realizes multi-backup, when the Hadoop performs kerberos authentication, adjustment can be performed according to the configuration of an authentication server, and in a large-scale cluster, delay caused by authentication can be reduced; meanwhile, the load of the kerberos server single server is reduced, and the stability of the cluster for kerberos authentication is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer software application, in particular to a hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method.
Background
Hadoop is a distributed system infrastructure developed by the Apache Foundation. A user can develop a distributed program without knowing the distributed underlying details. The power of the cluster is fully utilized to carry out high-speed operation and storage.
Kerberos is a network authentication protocol designed with the goal of providing powerful authentication services to client/server applications through a key system. The authentication process is realized without depending on the authentication of a host operating system, without the trust of the addresses of several hosts, without the requirement of physical security of all hosts on the network, and assuming that data packets transmitted on the network can be arbitrarily read, modified and inserted.
The Hadoop cluster uses Kerberos authentication, which can put the authenticated keys on reliable nodes in advance when the cluster is deployed, for the security of the cluster. When the cluster runs, the nodes in the cluster are authenticated by using the key, only the authenticated nodes can be normally used, and the nodes attempting to pretend cannot communicate with the nodes in the cluster because the nodes do not have the key information obtained in advance. The problem of maliciously using or tampering the Hadoop cluster is prevented, and the reliability and the safety of the Hadoop cluster are ensured.
However, in a large-scale cluster, a single kerberos service as an authentication server tends to have problems: firstly, a single point of failure problem exists, when the kerberos authentication server is abnormal, the task starting authentication on the cluster fails, and the whole cluster is abnormal; secondly, when the Hadoop cluster node reaches a certain scale and the system task reaches a certain scale, the conditions of too high authentication delay or abnormal authentication and the like of the single kerberos authentication server can occur, so that the single kerberos authentication server can not meet the large-scale cluster authentication. Therefore, how to research and design a hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-availability authentication method of a hadoop cluster kerberos, wherein the kerberos server realizes multiple backups, when the hadoop is used for kerberos authentication, the adjustment can be carried out according to the configuration of an authentication server, and in a large-scale cluster, the delay caused by authentication can be reduced; meanwhile, the load of the kerberos server single server is reduced, and the stability of the cluster for kerberos authentication is guaranteed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method comprises the following steps:
s1: deploying a plurality of kerberos servers in different Linux servers;
s2: the Linux timer calls a shell script at regular time to synchronize and backup data of a plurality of kerberospervers in the corresponding Linux server;
s3: hadoop configures all kdc server addresses used at the kdc parameter of krb5.conf when kerberos authentication is initiated; wherein, the default first kdc parameter is a master-master service of a kerberos server, the second kdc parameter is a slave-master service of the kerberos server, and the third kdc parameter is a slave service; in the Hadoop cluster, the nodes adjust the kerberos authentication priority sequence by adjusting kdc parameter sequence.
Preferably, the plurality of kerberos servers are deployed specifically as follows: installing a kerbeross server and a kerbereos client in a Linux server; the kerbeross client is used for operating local and remote kerbeross server serving printers; the kerberos server is a Hadoop cluster ticket distribution and validation server.
Preferably, the Linux timer is executed once in a timing period of 5 s.
Preferably, when the Hadoop cluster performs kerberos authentication, the Hadoop cluster preferentially authenticates to a node1 corresponding to a master-master; when the kerberos server of the node1 is abnormal, then the authentication is carried out to the node2 corresponding to the slave-master; and when both node1 and node2 are abnormal, authenticating the node with node3 corresponding to slave.
Preferably, the synchronizing and backing up of the data specifically includes: node1, node2 and node3 back up data with each other; wherein, node1 and node2 synchronize data with each other, and node3 fully backs up the data of the master-master host.
Preferably, the slave node data backup specifically includes: the slave node is responsible for synchronizing kdc data of the master-master node; and meanwhile, exporting the corresponding data for cold backup.
Preferably, the mutual data synchronization of the master-master and the slave-master specifically comprises:
a 1: acquiring a configuration file krb5.conf of a Linux system hadoop enabled kerberos;
a 2: acquiring a kerberos high-availability configuration catalog of the system;
a 3: acquiring a Linux host name of a main kerberos server and a Linux host name of a standby kerberos server from a krb5.conf by using a shell;
a 4: acquiring a host name of the Linux system;
a 5: acquiring all the primary information in a local kerberos server database, and naming the primary information as local _ primary;
a 6: according to kdc parameter configuration of krb5.conf, acquiring a remote host name and all private information of the remote host, and naming the information as remote _ private;
a 7: traversing local _ principal; if the local _ primary is not at remote _ primary, synchronizing the local _ primary to the remote kdc server; otherwise, judging which of the local _ primary and remote _ primary is the latest data according to the update _ time and version information, and then synchronizing the data to the service;
a 8: when all local _ principal is traversed, the local _ principal is processed; judging whether the local kdc service is running, if running, finishing the synchronization; if not running, then start up, then swap the kdc parameter in krb5.conf, synchronize to several nodes, and finally end.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by a hadoop cluster deployment scheme, in the process of starting kerberos authentication, kdc parameters are deployed in a karberos 5.conf configuration file in a crossed mode according to cluster nodes, so that the condition that kerberos authentication load is overlarge can be avoided, and meanwhile, the high availability requirement of the kerberos authentication of a cluster can be met;
2. through a Kerberos synchronization scheme, data synchronization between Kerberos servers is called through a shell, and the kdc synchronization process is carried out by comparing the imported information and the version number of the primary; meanwhile, according to the actual scene, multi-kerberos expansion is realized, and the stability of cluster kerberos authentication is guaranteed.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall schematic structural diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the master-master and slave-master mutual data synchronization in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of data backup of a slave node in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and the embodiments.
Shell is the user interface of the system, and provides an interface for the user to interact with the kernel. It receives the user input command and feeds it to the kernel for execution.
The Shell timer is a Linux server timer to allow a script to trigger an operation.
Example (b): a hadoop cluster kerberos high availability authentication method is shown in FIG. 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: and deploying a plurality of kerberos servers in different Linux servers.
S2: and calling the shell script by the Linux timer at regular time to synchronize and backup the data of the plurality of kerberospervers in the corresponding Linux server. The timing period of the Linux timer is executed once in 5s
S3: hadoop configures all kdc server addresses used at the kdc parameter of krb5.conf when kerberos authentication is initiated; wherein, the default first kdc parameter is a master-master service of a kerberos server, the second kdc parameter is a slave-master service of the kerberos server, and the third kdc parameter is a slave service; in the Hadoop cluster, the nodes adjust the kerberos authentication priority sequence by adjusting kdc parameter sequence.
The deployment of the plurality of kerberos servers is specifically as follows: and installing a kerberos server and a kerberos client in the Linux server. The kerberos client is used for operating the local and remote kerberos server to serve the primary. The kerberos server is a Hadoop cluster ticket distribution and validation server.
The invention is explained in detail by using three kerberos server backup schemes and the case that the cluster has only 3 nodes. Actually, under the real condition, the enterprise-level application hadoop cluster node can be 100 or more, at this time, the kerberos server node number system can be expanded, the kerberos server number is expanded, and during backup, more kerberos backups are realized according to the invention. Then, the stability of kerberos authentication is higher, and meanwhile, the kdc parameter sequence of the krb5.conf configuration of the hadoop cluster nodes is planned, so that the kerberos authentication efficiency of the cluster can be guaranteed to be higher.
As shown in fig. 1, when the Hadoop cluster performs kerberos authentication, the node1 corresponding to the master-master is preferentially authenticated; when the kerberos server of the node1 is abnormal, then the authentication is carried out to the node2 corresponding to the slave-master; and when both node1 and node2 are abnormal, authenticating the node with node3 corresponding to slave.
As shown in fig. 1, the data synchronization and backup specifically include: node1, node2 and node3 back up data with each other; wherein, node1 and node2 synchronize data with each other, and node3 fully backs up the data of the master-master host.
As shown in fig. 3, the slave node data backup specifically includes: the slave node is responsible for synchronizing kdc data of the master-master node; and meanwhile, exporting the corresponding data for cold backup.
As shown in fig. 2, the mutual data synchronization between the master-master and the slave-master specifically includes:
a 1: acquiring a configuration file krb5.conf of a Linux system hadoop enabled kerberos;
a 2: acquiring a kerberos high-availability configuration catalog of the system;
a 3: acquiring a Linux host name of a main kerberos server and a Linux host name of a standby kerberos server from a krb5.conf by using a shell;
a 4: acquiring a host name of the Linux system;
a 5: acquiring all the primary information in a local kerberos server database, and naming the primary information as local _ primary;
a 6: according to kdc parameter configuration of krb5.conf, acquiring a remote host name and all private information of the remote host, and naming the information as remote _ private;
a 7: traversing local _ principal; if the local _ primary is not at remote _ primary, synchronizing the local _ primary to the remote kdc server; otherwise, judging which of the local _ primary and remote _ primary is the latest data according to the update _ time and version information, and then synchronizing the data to the service;
a 8: when all local _ principal is traversed, the local _ principal is processed; judging whether the local kdc service is running, if running, finishing the synchronization; if not running, then start up, then swap the kdc parameter in krb5.conf, synchronize to several nodes, and finally end.
The working principle is as follows: by a hadoop cluster deployment scheme, in the process of starting kerberos authentication, kdc parameters are deployed in a karberos 5.conf configuration file in a crossed mode according to cluster nodes, so that the condition that kerberos authentication load is overlarge can be avoided, and meanwhile, the high availability requirement of the kerberos authentication of a cluster can be met; through a Kerberos synchronization scheme, data synchronization between Kerberos servers is called through a shell, and the kdc synchronization process is carried out by comparing the imported information and the version number of the primary; meanwhile, according to the actual scene, multi-kerberos expansion is realized, and the stability of cluster kerberos authentication is guaranteed.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: deploying a plurality of kerberos servers in different Linux servers;
s2: the Linux timer calls a shell script at regular time to synchronize and backup data of a plurality of kerberos servers in corresponding Linux servers;
s3: hadoop configures all kdc server addresses used at the kdc parameter of krb5.conf when kerberos authentication is initiated; wherein, the default first kdc parameter is a master-master service of a kerberos server, the second kdc parameter is a slave-master service of the kerberos server, and the third kdc parameter is a slave service; in the Hadoop cluster, the nodes adjust the kerberos authentication priority sequence by adjusting kdc parameter sequence.
2. The hadoop cluster kerberos high availability authentication method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of kerberos servers are specifically deployed as follows: installing a kerberos server and a kerberose client in a Linux server; the kerberos client is used for operating local and remote kerberos server service printers; the kerberos server is a Hadoop cluster ticket distribution and validation server.
3. The hadoop cluster kerberos high availability authentication method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Linux timer is executed once every 5 s.
4. The method for Kerberos high-availability authentication of the Hadoop cluster according to claim 1, wherein when the Kerberos authentication is performed by the Hadoop cluster, the Kerberos authentication is preferentially performed to a node1 corresponding to a master-master; when the kerberos server of the node1 is abnormal, then the authentication is carried out to the node2 corresponding to the slave-master; and when both node1 and node2 are abnormal, authenticating the node with node3 corresponding to slave.
5. The hadoop cluster kerberos high availability authentication method according to claim 4, wherein the data synchronization and backup specifically comprises: node1, node2 and node3 back up data with each other; wherein, node1 and node2 synchronize data with each other, and node3 fully backs up the data of the master-master host.
6. The hadoop cluster kerberos high availability authentication method according to claim 5, wherein the slave node data backup specifically comprises: the slave node is responsible for synchronizing kdc data of the master-master node; and meanwhile, exporting the corresponding data for cold backup.
7. The hadoop cluster kerberos high-availability authentication method according to claim 5, wherein the mutual data synchronization of the master-master and the slave-master is specifically as follows:
a 1: acquiring a configuration file krb5.conf of a Linux system hadoop enabled kerberos;
a 2: acquiring a kerberos high-availability configuration catalog of the system;
a 3: acquiring a Linux host name of a main kerberos server and a Linux host name of a standby kerberos server from krb5.conf by using shell;
a 4: acquiring a host name of the Linux system;
a 5: acquiring all the primary information in a local kerberos server database, and naming the primary information as local _ primary;
a 6: according to kdc parameter configuration of krb5.conf, acquiring a remote host name and all private information of the remote host, and naming the information as remote _ private;
a 7: traversing local _ principal; if the local _ primary is not at remote _ primary, synchronizing the local _ primary to the remote kdc server; otherwise, judging which of the local _ primary and remote _ primary is the latest data according to the update _ time and version information, and then synchronizing the data to the service;
a 8: when all local _ principal is traversed, the local _ principal is processed; judging whether the local kdc service is running, if running, finishing the synchronization; if not running, then start up, then swap the kdc parameter in krb5.conf, synchronize to several nodes, and finally end.
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