CN111595906B - Low-cost method for detecting water content and oil content of fiber - Google Patents

Low-cost method for detecting water content and oil content of fiber Download PDF

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CN111595906B
CN111595906B CN202010381875.6A CN202010381875A CN111595906B CN 111595906 B CN111595906 B CN 111595906B CN 202010381875 A CN202010381875 A CN 202010381875A CN 111595906 B CN111595906 B CN 111595906B
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fiber
mix
specific resistance
dielectric constant
water content
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CN111595906A (en
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郑征
马剑斌
毛海良
徐锦龙
王松林
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Zhejiang Hengyi Petrochemical Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/041Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/048Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance for determining moisture content of the material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/221Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber performance detection, and discloses a low-cost method for detecting the water content and the oil content of fiber, which comprises the following steps: (1) Respectively measuring the water content and the oil content of a standard fiber sample by using a national standard method; (2) Respectively measuring the specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value of a standard fiber sample by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument; (3) Respectively fitting the measured data of the steps (1) and (2) to obtain functional relation formulas of the specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value of the fiber, the water content and the oil content; (4) And (4) respectively measuring the specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value of the fiber sample to be measured by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument, and calculating the water content and the oil content of the fiber sample to be measured by using the functional relation obtained in the step (3). The method uses the fiber specific resistance instrument and the dielectric constant tester to jointly detect the water content and the oil content of the fibers, and has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation, low cost, accurate detection result and good repeatability.

Description

Low-cost method for detecting water content and oil content of fiber
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber performance detection, in particular to a low-cost method for detecting the water content and the oil content of fiber.
Background
Chemical fibers themselves have a large friction factor, are poor in hygroscopicity and are liable to generate static electricity, resulting in poor spinnability. Therefore, in the spinning process of chemical fibers, a certain amount of spinning oil needs to be added for oiling treatment, so that the fibers can be endowed with good performances such as smoothness, bundling and antistatic property, and the spinnability is improved. When the spinning oil is used, emulsion prepared from deionized water and oil is sprayed on the surface of the fiber, and the oiled fiber is a three-component mixture (hereinafter referred to as a fiber mixture or a mixture) consisting of water, oil and dry oil-free fiber, wherein the water content of the fiber refers to the mass percentage of the water attached to the surface of the fiber and the dry oil-free fiber, and the oil content of the fiber refers to the mass percentage of the oil attached to the surface of the fiber and the dry oil-free fiber. In the production process of chemical fibers, the moisture content and the oil content of the fibers directly influence the smooth spinning and the final quality of textiles and are important quality control parameters, wherein the change of the moisture content of the fibers can cause the change of the weight and a series of properties of the fibers, the improper control of the moisture content can seriously influence the spinning quality, and the detection of the moisture content of the fibers is the most common detection item in the textile industry; the oil content of the fiber must be controlled within a reasonable range, and the phenomena of broken filaments, broken ends and the like can be caused due to the low oil content; the oil content is too high, the phenomenon of sticking and winding is easy to generate, the problems of coking, fuming, white powder and the like are increased, and the spinning and the product quality are influenced. In short, the detection of the water content and the oil content of the fiber has very important significance for accurately grasping and controlling the oiling amount in the spinning process.
In the prior art, a common method for detecting the moisture content of the fibers is a drying and weighing method, and the wet weight and the dry weight of the fibers are weighed according to a moisture regain test method of national standard to calculate the moisture content of the fibers. The traditional method for detecting the oil content of the fiber is an extraction method, oil is dissolved in a specific organic solvent, the oil on the fiber is extracted, and the oil and the fiber are weighed to calculate the oil content of the fiber. The emerging nuclear magnetic resonance method is an efficient and environment-friendly detection method, for example, the publication of "a method for detecting the water content and oil content of fiber" in Chinese patent literature, which is No. CN103728197A, comprises the following steps: step 1: detecting the water content of the fiber by using a halogen moisture tester; step 2: linearly fitting the nuclear magnetic standard signal and the oil content on a nuclear magnetic instrument by adopting a direct oil dropping method; and step 3: and (3) putting a certain mass of sample into a nuclear magnetic instrument, finding out a standard curve corresponding to the spinning crude oil with known concentration, and testing the oil content of the fiber. The method is time-saving and convenient, but has higher equipment price and high detection cost, and is difficult to be widely applied in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the method is complicated, takes long time and has low efficiency, and an extracting agent has high toxicity and great harm to human bodies when the traditional drying weighing method and the traditional extraction method are used for detecting the water content and the oil content of the fibers in the prior art; when the novel high-efficiency environment-friendly method such as a nuclear magnetic resonance method is used for detection, the problems of higher equipment price, high detection cost and difficulty in large-scale and wide application are solved, the low-cost method for detecting the water content and the oil content of the fiber is provided, the fiber specific resistance instrument and the dielectric constant measuring instrument are used for jointly detecting the water content and the oil content of the fiber, and the method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation, low cost, accurate detection result and good repeatability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-cost method for detecting the water content and the oil content of fibers comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively measuring the water content w of a standard fiber sample by using a national standard method W And oil content w O
(2) Respectively measuring the specific resistance value rho of a standard fiber sample by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix
(3) Respectively fitting the measured data of the steps (1) and (2) to obtain the specific resistance value rho of the fiber mix And a dielectric constant value epsilon mix And w W And w O Is a function of:
ρ mix =ρ mix (w W ,w O ) ①
ε mix =ε mix (w W ,w O ) ②;
(4) And (4) respectively measuring the specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value of the fiber sample to be measured by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument, and calculating the water content and the oil content of the fiber sample to be measured by using the functional relation obtained in the step (3).
Preferably, in the formula (1) in the step (3), the fiber specific resistance value ρ is mix And w W And w O The functional relationship of (A) satisfies:
Figure BDA0002482292970000021
wherein A is 1 、B 1 、C 1 And D is a constant.
Preferably, in the formula (2) in the step (3), the fiber has a dielectric constant value ε mix And w W And w O Satisfies the following functional relationship: epsilon mix =ε mix (w W ,w O )=A 2 ·w W +B 2 ·w O +C 2 Wherein A is 2 、B 2 、C 2 Is a constant.
Preferably, in step (1), the moisture content of the standard fiber sample is measured by the method in GB/T6503-2008 "test method for moisture regain of chemical fiber".
Preferably, in the step (1), the oil content of the standard fiber sample is determined by an extraction method in GB/T6504-2008 & lt & gt chemical fiber oil content test method & gt.
Preferably, the measurement operations in steps (1), (2) and (4) are carried out in the same temperature and humidity range.
Preferably, the temperature range is 8 to 40 ℃ and the humidity range is 30 to 80% RH.
The invention firstly fits the functional relation between the fiber specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value and the fiber water content and oil content according to the test data of the standard sample, and then measures rho of the fiber specific resistance instrument and the dielectric constant tester mix 、ε mix The water content and the oil content of the fiber are jointly detected, and the content composition of the fiber is indirectly reflected according to macroscopic physical properties. The functional relational expressions fitted under different test conditions are different, so that the method is suitable for detecting the water content and the oil content of the fibers under different oil agents, different fiber varieties and different test environments, and has a wide application range; the measurement error of the fiber specific resistance instrument is less than +/-5 percent, the measurement error of the dielectric constant determinator is less than +/-1.5 percent, the maximum relative deviation of the fiber water content detection can be less than +/-0.41 percent, the maximum relative deviation of the fiber oil content detection can be less than +/-2.337 percent, the detection result is accurate, and the repeatability is good(ii) a Meanwhile, the fiber specific resistance instrument and the dielectric constant tester are simple and convenient to operate, high in detection efficiency and low in cost, and simple, accurate and low-cost detection of the water content and the oil content of the fibers can be realized.
The spinning oil has good antistatic agent, which can endow fiber with good antistatic performance, the specific resistance of the fiber is indirectly reflected to the antistatic performance, and the lower the specific resistance of the fiber, the better the antistatic performance. Generally, compared with dry oil-free fibers, the specific resistance value of the oiled fibers is greatly reduced and has a change in a magnitude order, and the influence of the change of the oil content of the fibers on the specific resistance value of a fiber mixture is obvious, so that the specific resistance value of the fibers is selected as one of the parameters for measuring the water content and the oil content of the fibers.
The fiber after spinning oiling is a mixture of dry oilless fiber (F), moisture (W) and oil (O), and the specific resistance value measured by a fiber specific resistance instrument is the specific resistance value of the mixture, so that the specific resistance value is a function of the mass fractions of the dry oilless fiber, the moisture in the mixture and the oil in the mixture. The mass fractions of water and oil in the mixture are w according to the definitions of fiber water content and oil content (the fiber water content is the percentage of the water attached to the surface of the fiber and the dry oil-free fiber mass, and the fiber oil content is the percentage of the oil attached to the surface of the fiber and the dry oil-free fiber mass) F ·w W 、w F ·w O (wherein w) F Mass fraction of dry oilless fiber in the fiber blend), and:
w F ·w W +w F ·w O +w F =1, then:
w F =1/(w W +w O +1)
therefore, the specific resistance value of the fiber mixture satisfies the formula (1):
ρ mix =ρ mix (w F ·w W ,w F ·w O ,w F )=ρ mix (w W ,w O ) ①
that is, the specific resistance value of the blend relates to the fiber water content and oil content (w) W 、w O ) Is measured as a function of (c).
The dielectric constant of the water is many times larger than that of dry oilless fibers, for example, at room temperature and at the test frequency of 1kHz, the dielectric constant of water is 78.5, the dielectric constant of common terylene is 2.9-3.4, and the influence of the change of the water content of the fibers on the dielectric constant value of the fiber mixture is obvious, so that the dielectric constant value is selected as another parameter for measuring the water content and the oil content of the fibers.
Similarly, the fiber after spinning oiling is a mixture of dry oil-free fiber, water and oil, and the dielectric constant value measured by a dielectric constant tester is the dielectric constant value of the mixture, which is a function of the mass fractions of the water, the oil and the dry oil-free fiber in the mixture. The specific resistance value of the fiber mixture satisfies the formula (2):
ε mix =ε mix (w F ·w W ,w F ·w O ,w F )=ε mix (w W ,w O ) ②
that is, the value of the dielectric constant of the composition is related to the water content and oil content (w) of the fiber W 、w O ) As a function of (c).
Because the specific resistance is an index for measuring the conductivity of the material, the dielectric constant is an index for measuring the polarization characteristic of the material, and the specific resistance and the dielectric constant are not related, the measured value rho of the fiber specific resistance meter is mix And dielectric constant determinator measured value epsilon mix The two are independent or independent of each other, and the equation sets (1) and (2) have unique solutions. Thus measuring the fiber specific resistance instrument measurement value rho of the fiber sample to be measured mix And dielectric constant determinator measured value epsilon mix And substituting the equation into the fitted equation set to calculate the water content and the oil content of the fiber sample to be measured.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The functional relation fitted according to different test conditions is different, the method is applicable to detection of the water content and the oil content of the fibers under different oil agents, different fiber varieties and different test environments, and the application range is wide;
(2) The fiber specific resistance meter and the dielectric constant tester have small measurement errors, accurate detection results and good repeatability;
(3) The fiber specific resistance meter and the dielectric constant tester are simple and convenient to operate, high in detection efficiency and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows specific resistance values ρ of the examples mix Water content w W And oil content w O Is shown in the functional relationship diagram.
FIG. 2 shows the value of dielectric constant ε in the examples mix Water content w W And oil content w O Is shown in the functional relationship diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
Example (b):
preparing oil solutions (mainly comprising fatty acid ester, polyether and phosphate ester) into oil solution emulsions with different concentrations, respectively soaking fiber tow samples from the same spinning cake into the oil solution emulsions with different concentrations for 1 minute, taking out the samples, hanging and airing a part of the fiber tow samples for 10 minutes, hanging and airing a part of the fiber tow samples for 20 minutes, hanging and airing a part of the fiber tow samples for … … and the like, and obtaining a plurality of groups of standard fiber samples with the same oil content and sequentially reduced water content due to the fact that the oil solution has a high boiling point and only water volatilizes on the surface of the fiber and the oil solution does not volatilize, wherein the oil content of the samples is different among the groups.
(1) The moisture content w of each standard fiber sample is measured by the method in GB/T6503-2008' test method for chemical fiber moisture regain W (ii) a Oil content w of standard fiber sample is measured by extraction method in GB/T6504-2008 chemical fiber oil content test method O
(2) Respectively measuring the specific resistance value rho of the standard fiber sample by using a fiber specific resistance meter and a dielectric constant measuring instrument mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix The measurement results are shown in Table 1 (all measurements were carried out at 20 ℃ C., 65% RH temperature and humidity).
Table 1: and the measured values of the water content, the oil content, the specific resistance and the dielectric constant of the standard fiber sample.
Figure BDA0002482292970000051
Figure BDA0002482292970000061
(3) The fiber specific resistance values ρ were obtained by fitting the data in Table 1, respectively mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix And w W And w O The functional relation of (c);
wherein the specific resistance value rho of the fiber mix And w W And w O The functional relationship of (A) satisfies:
Figure BDA0002482292970000062
dielectric constant value epsilon of fiber mix And w W And w O Satisfies the following functional relationship:
ε mix =ε mix (w W ,w O )=A 2 ·w W +B 2 ·w O +C 2
wherein A is 1 、B 1 、C 1 、D、A 2 、B 2 、C 2 Are all constants.
The fitting results are shown in table 2, and the fitted functional relationship is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Table 2: and fitting the functional relation.
Figure BDA0002482292970000071
SPSS 18.0 was used to calculate the specific resistance ρ in Table 1 mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix The calculation result is-0.3962, which shows the specific resistance rho mix And dielectric constant ε mix In the opposite trend, in conjunction with ρ of fig. 1 and 2 mix And ε mix With w W 、w O Trend of changeGraph, see ρ mix And ε mix Independent or independent of each other. Then the specific resistance value p of the fiber mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix When known, the water content and oil content w W 、w O Will be uniquely determined.
(4) Taking five groups of fiber samples to be detected, respectively measuring a specific resistance value and a dielectric constant value by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument, and calculating the water content and the oil content of the fiber samples to be detected according to the functional relation obtained in the step (3); the deviation between the water content and oil content obtained in the present invention and those measured by the national standard method was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 3 (all measurements were carried out at 20 ℃ C., 65% RH temperature and humidity).
Table 3: and determining results and deviations of the water content and the oil content of the fiber sample to be measured.
Figure BDA0002482292970000072
(wherein, deviation = detection value of the method of the present invention-measurement value of the national standard method)
The detection method of the invention is subjected to repeatability inspection: the results of the test method of the present invention in normal and correct operation are shown in Table 4, using the same operator, the same laboratory, the same instrument, and the same sample in a short period of time for a plurality of single tests.
Table 4: and (4) repeatability test data.
ρ mix (10 8 Ω·cm) ε mix w W (%) w O (%)
3.3170 98.4 1.087 0.1588
3.3169 98.4 1.084 0.1635
3.3194 98.4 1.099 0.1635
3.3190 98.4 1.097 0.1636
The repeatability of the detection method is reflected by the variation coefficient, the variation coefficient of the detection result of the water content of the fiber is 0.66% and the variation coefficient of the detection result of the oil content of the fiber is 1.46% through calculation of SPSS 18.0, and the method is proved to have high accuracy and good repeatability in detection of the water content and the oil content of the fiber.
The fiber specific resistance meter of the invention measures the error of the specific resistance value less than plus or minus 5%, the dielectric constant tester measures the error of the dielectric constant value less than plus or minus 1.5%, the maximum deviation of the fiber water content detection is less than plus or minus 0.51%, the maximum deviation of the fiber oil content detection is less than plus or minus 0.094%, the maximum relative deviation of the fiber water content detection can be less than plus or minus 0.41%, and the maximum relative deviation of the fiber oil content detection can be less than plus or minus 2.337% (relative deviation = ((the method of the invention measured value-national standard method measured value)/national standard method measured value) × 100%). The method for detecting the water content and the oil content of the fibers has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation, low cost, accurate detection result and good repeatability.

Claims (3)

1. A low-cost method for detecting the water content and the oil content of fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The water content w of a standard fiber sample is measured by a method in GB/T6503-2008' test method for moisture regain of chemical fiber W (ii) a Oil content w of standard fiber sample is measured by extraction method in GB/T6504-2008 chemical fiber oil content test method O
(2) Respectively measuring the specific resistance value rho of the standard fiber sample by using a fiber specific resistance meter and a dielectric constant measuring instrument mix And a dielectric constant value epsilon mix
(3) Respectively fitting the measured data of the steps (1) and (2) to obtain the specific resistance value rho of the fiber mix And a value of dielectric constant ε mix And w W And w O Functional relationship of (c):
ρ mix =ρ mix (w W ,w O ) ①
ε mix =ε mix (w W ,w O ) ②;
(1) in the formula, the specific resistance value ρ of the fiber mix And w W And w O The functional relationship of (A) satisfies:
Figure FDA0003851409930000011
wherein A is 1 、B 1 、C 1 D is a constant;
(2) in which the fiber dielectric constant value epsilon mix And w W And w O The functional relationship of (A) satisfies:
ε mix =ε mix (w W ,w O )=A 2 ·w W +B 2 ·w O +C 2 wherein A is 2 、B 2 、C 2 Is a constantCounting;
(4) And (4) respectively measuring the specific resistance value and the dielectric constant value of the fiber sample to be measured by using a fiber specific resistance instrument and a dielectric constant measuring instrument, and calculating the water content and the oil content of the fiber sample to be measured by using the functional relation obtained in the step (3).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps (1), (2) and (4) are performed in the same temperature and humidity range.
3. The low-cost method for determining the water content and oil content of a fiber according to claim 2, wherein the temperature is in the range of 8 to 40 ℃ and the humidity is in the range of 30 to 80% RH.
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