CN111594342A - Air inlet bleed air powder supply device with controllable flow and method - Google Patents
Air inlet bleed air powder supply device with controllable flow and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111594342A CN111594342A CN202010349350.4A CN202010349350A CN111594342A CN 111594342 A CN111594342 A CN 111594342A CN 202010349350 A CN202010349350 A CN 202010349350A CN 111594342 A CN111594342 A CN 111594342A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
- F02K7/105—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines using a solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply device, which comprises an air inlet and a powder storage tank, wherein a piston is coaxially sleeved in the powder storage tank, the piston divides an inner cavity of the powder storage tank into a driving cavity and a fluidizing cavity which are positioned in front of and behind the piston, and the fluidizing cavity is used for filling powder particles; the front end of the driving cavity and the rear end of the fluidization cavity are respectively communicated with an air taking pipe through a branch pipeline, and the air inlet end of the air taking pipe is communicated with the front part of the air inlet channel so as to introduce part of supersonic air in the air inlet channel into the front end of the driving cavity and the rear end of the fluidization cavity; the air in the driving cavity is used for pushing the powder particles in the fluidization cavity to move towards the rear; the air in the fluidization cavity is used for wrapping the powder particles at the outlet of the rear end and flowing into the combustion chamber to be mixed with the gas entering the combustion chamber from the air inlet. The device utilizes the air inlet passage of the powder ramjet to replace a high-pressure gas cylinder as the gas source of the powder supply system, thereby reducing the quality of the engine, reducing the cost of the engine and improving the safety of the engine.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply device and method.
[ background of the invention ]
In order to further improve the specific impulse of the ramjet, experts and scholars at home and abroad propose a novel ramjet taking powder particles, such as aluminum powder, boron powder and the like, as fuel, which is called as a powder ramjet. Because the powder particles of aluminum powder, boron powder and the like have high energy density and large oxygen consumption, the theoretical specific impact performance of the engine is superior to that of the conventional liquid and solid fuel ramjet engines. In addition, the powder fuel is conveyed to the combustion chamber from the storage tank in a gas-solid two-phase flow mode, the flow rate is controllable and adjustable, and the flexible management requirements of weapon and missile energy are met. However, in the powder feeder of the powder ramjet engine, a sufficient amount of gas is required for driving the powder feeder piston and fluidizing the powder particles, and thus a gas source capable of stably supplying gas for a long time is required. Meanwhile, the structural mass of the air source device is required to be as small as possible so as to reduce the overall mass of the engine.
At present, a powder supply system of a powder ramjet engine mostly uses a high-pressure gas cylinder as a gas source, and high-pressure gas is stored in the gas cylinder. When the engine works, the pressure reducing valve, the pressure reducing overflow valve and the on-off valve are opened. The high-pressure gas passes through a pressure reducing valve, the pressure of the high-pressure gas is reduced to a rated value, and the high-pressure gas is introduced into a powder particle storage tank to drive and fluidize powder particles, so that the powder particles are conveyed into a combustion chamber. The high-pressure gas cylinder is used as a gas source of the fluidization gas and the driving gas and has the following defects: firstly, the pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder can reach dozens of megapascals generally, and the overall safety of the engine is greatly influenced. Secondly, the bearing capacity of the container is high, and the structural quality of the container is not negligible even if a titanium alloy material with light weight is used after factors such as safety factor and the like are considered. Thirdly, environmental, overload and harsh transport launch conditions place very high demands on the reliability of the storage and supply systems for high pressure gas. Fourth, even if stored under high pressure, it takes up a large space, which necessarily has some effect on the full elastic energy. Fifthly, the high-pressure gas realizes stable constant pressure and constant flow supply and has extremely high requirements on a pressure reducing valve, and particularly, the valve body is difficult to design during thrust adjustment.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply device and a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a flow-controllable air inlet channel air-entraining powder supply device comprises an air inlet channel and a powder storage box, wherein a piston is coaxially sleeved in the powder storage box, the piston divides an inner cavity of the powder storage box into a driving cavity and a fluidizing cavity which are positioned in front of and behind the piston, and the fluidizing cavity is used for filling powder particles; the front end of the driving cavity and the rear end of the fluidization cavity are respectively communicated with an air taking pipe through a branch pipeline, and the air inlet end of the air taking pipe is communicated with the front part of the air inlet channel so as to introduce part of supersonic air in the air inlet channel into the front end of the driving cavity and the rear end of the fluidization cavity; the air in the driving cavity is used for pushing the powder particles in the fluidization cavity to move towards the rear; the air in the fluidization cavity is used for wrapping the powder particles at the outlet of the rear end and flowing into the combustion chamber to be mixed with the gas entering the combustion chamber from the air inlet.
Furthermore, a stop valve, a gas collection cavity and a pressure reducing valve are sequentially arranged on the gas taking pipe along the gas flow direction, and a pressure reducing overflow valve is arranged on a branch pipeline communicated with the fluidization cavity; the gas pressure in the driving cavity is controlled to be higher than the pressure in the fluidizing cavity by controlling the pressure reducing valve, and the mass ratio of gas and powder is controlled by controlling the pressure reducing overflow valve to change the gas pressure.
Furthermore, the position of the air intake pipe connected with the air intake channel is positioned between the normal shock wave and the last oblique shock wave.
Furthermore, part of supersonic air in the air inlet channel respectively enters the driving cavity and the fluidizing cavity, and the supersonic air in the driving cavity drives the piston to drive the powder particles to move towards the rear; the powder particles at the outlet at the rear end in the fluidization cavity are fluidized by the supersonic air in the fluidization cavity and flow into the combustion chamber.
The invention also discloses a powder supply method of the air-entraining powder supply device of the air inlet with controllable flow, wherein the stop valve is opened, the pressure reducing valve and the pressure reducing overflow valve are opened after the pressure in the air collecting cavity is stable, part of supersonic air in the air inlet enters the air collecting cavity and the pressure reducing valve in sequence through the air taking pipe, and one path of air enters the driving cavity to drive the powder particles to move backwards; the other path of gas enters the rear end of the fluidization cavity through the pressure reduction overflow valve, fluidizes the powder particles at the rear end and enters the combustion chamber under the air entrainment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the high-pressure gas supply device is not needed to be additionally used for supplying gas, the safety is high, and the space is saved. 2 the requirements on the gas delivery system are reduced due to the low pressure of the supersonic gas flow used. 3. The stable powder supply of the air-bleed through the air inlet channel under the high sound velocity flow is realized.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bleed air powder supply device with a controllable flow rate for an air inlet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of the inlet shock and the gas extraction tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a test curve diagram of a ground supersonic incoming flow powder supply test of bleed air;
wherein: 1. the device comprises an air inlet channel, a gas taking pipe, a stop valve, a gas collecting cavity, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure reducing overflow valve, a powder storage box, a driving cavity, a piston, powder particles, a fluidization cavity and a final oblique shock wave, wherein the air inlet channel comprises 2 parts of a gas taking pipe, 3 parts of the stop valve, 4 parts of the gas collecting cavity, 5 parts of the pressure reducing valve, 6 parts of the pressure reducing overflow valve, 7 parts of the; d. and (4) normal shock waves.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply device, which comprises an air inlet 1 and a powder storage tank 7 as shown in figure 1, wherein a piston 9 is coaxially sleeved in the powder storage tank 7, the piston 9 divides an inner cavity of the powder storage tank 7 into a driving cavity 8 and a fluidizing cavity 11 which are positioned in front of and behind the piston 9, and the fluidizing cavity 11 is used for filling powder particles 10; the front end of the driving cavity 8 and the rear end of the fluidization cavity 11 are respectively communicated with the air taking pipe 2 through a branch pipeline, and the air inlet end of the air taking pipe 2 is communicated with the front part of the air inlet channel 1 so as to introduce part of supersonic air in the air inlet channel 1 into the front end of the driving cavity 8 and the rear end of the fluidization cavity 11;
the air in the driving chamber 8 is used to push the powder particles 10 in the fluidizing chamber 11 towards the rear; the air in the fluidization chamber 11 is used for entraining the powder particles at the outlet of the rear end to flow into the combustion chamber and mix with the gas entering the combustion chamber from the air inlet 1.
As shown in fig. 2, a stop valve 3, a gas collection chamber 4 and a pressure reducing valve 5 are sequentially installed on the gas taking pipe along the gas flow direction, and a pressure reducing overflow valve 6 is arranged on a branch pipeline communicated with a fluidization chamber 11; the gas pressure in the driving cavity 8 is controlled to be higher than the pressure in the fluidization cavity 11 by controlling the pressure reducing valve 5, and the mass ratio of the gas and the powder is controlled by controlling the pressure reducing overflow valve 6 to change the gas pressure. The selection of the position of the gas taking pipe 2 and the pipe diameter of the gas taking pipe 2 need to meet the requirements of total pressure and bleed air flow of the leading-in driving cavity 8 and the fluidization cavity 11. These two points are determined by a theoretical analysis of the intake duct 1 in advance. Supersonic incoming air enters the supersonic air inlet 1, generally passes through a plurality of oblique shock waves and a normal shock wave, and then is decelerated into subsonic air flow. In the process, the air flow speed is continuously reduced, the pressure is continuously increased, but the total pressure in the process generates certain loss. When the wave passes through the oblique laser, the total pressure loss is small, and the wave-rear airflow is still at the supersonic speed; after the normal shock wave d, the total pressure loss is relatively large, and the backward airflow is subsonic. Taking gas after the forward shock wave, the more the influence on the downstream of the rear end is, but the higher the total pressure is; the gas is taken out after the later shock wave, the influence on the downstream is smaller, but the total pressure is lower. After the shape of the air inlet 1 is determined, parameters such as airflow speed, pressure, temperature, density and the like of the oblique shock wave d and the normal shock wave under the working state are determined and can be obtained through calculation of a classical pneumatic theory. And selecting the shock wave as far as possible to meet the requirement for gas extraction after considering certain redundancy. Usually, the last oblique shock wave c is selected as the gas taking point.
And selecting a position with proper total pressure and a certain distance from the wall surface to arrange the gas taking pipe 2 to avoid a low total pressure area close to the wall surface. The direction of the air intake pipe 2 is consistent with the direction of the air flow speed at the position. According to the air flow speed and the density, certain redundancy is considered, and the pipe diameter of the air taking pipe is determined.
The invention discloses a powder supply method of a flow-controllable air inlet bleed air powder supply device, wherein part of supersonic air in an air inlet 1 respectively enters a driving cavity 8 and a fluidization cavity 11, and a piston 9 is driven by the supersonic air in the driving cavity 8 to drive powder particles 10 to move towards the rear; the supersonic air in the fluidization cavity 11 is used for wrapping the powder particles at the outlet at the rear end in the cavity to be fluidized and flow into the combustion chamber.
The specific working process is as follows: the stop valve 3 is opened, after the pressure in the gas collection cavity 4 is stable, the pressure reducing valve 5 and the pressure reducing overflow valve 6 are opened, part of supersonic air in the air inlet channel 1 sequentially enters the gas collection cavity 4 and the pressure reducing valve 5 through the air taking pipe 2, and the gas collection cavity plays a role in keeping the pressure stable and reducing the pressure oscillation. One path of gas enters the driving cavity 8 to drive the powder particles 10 to move backwards; and the other path of gas is further decompressed through the decompression overflow valve 6, enters the rear end of the fluidization cavity 11, fluidizes the powder particles 10 at the rear end, and enters the combustion chamber under the air entrainment.
In the present invention, the powder flow is controlled by controlling the throttling area of the pipeline leading from the fluidizing chamber 1 to the combustion chamber and the gas pressure in the fluidizing chamber 11 at the downstream of the powder storage tank 7. A flow regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline leading to the combustion chamber of the fluidization cavity 1. The flow regulating valve is controlled to change the throttling area of a pipeline leading from the fluidization cavity 1 to the combustion chamber, the total flow of powder and gas is controlled on the whole, the gas pressure is changed by controlling the pressure reducing overflow valve 6, and the mass proportion of the gas and the powder is controlled to achieve the best fluidization transportation effect. In order to keep the gas pressure in the fluidization chamber 11 stable, the pressure of the gas in the driving chamber 8 needs to be controlled by controlling the pressure reducing valve 5 to achieve a suitable pressure difference across the piston 9, so as to control the moving speed of the piston 9, thereby realizing the gas pressure stability in the fluidization chamber 11.
The invention adopts non-clogging powder supply, namely, the pipeline between the fluidization cavity 11 and the combustion chamber is not clogged, and the pressure required by a powder supply system is lower. Under unchoked conditions, too high a pressure in the fluidization chamber 11, typically slightly above the combustion chamber pressure, is not required. In order to be able to push the piston 9, the drive chamber 8 and the fluidizing chamber 11 need to be brought to a certain pressure difference, so that the pressure in the drive chamber 8 is slightly higher than the pressure in the fluidizing chamber 11. Therefore, a higher total bleed pressure is still required for the bleed air through the inlet 1 as a source of air for the drive chamber 8 and the fluidizing chamber 11.
In order to verify whether the device and the method can realize stable powder supply under the working condition of the powder ramjet engine, a ground supersonic flow incoming flow air-entraining powder supply experiment is developed, an air incoming flow is accelerated through a Laval nozzle, and the experiment simulates the working environment of high total pressure incoming flow air at 10km high altitude and 3Ma flight speed and 0.4MPa of powder particle outlet backpressure. Air inflow is accelerated to 2.09Ma through the Laval nozzle, and then the air taking pipe is inserted into the Laval nozzle to achieve air entraining and powder supplying. Powder supply 11s, powder flow 288 g/s.
When t is 0s, the test is started, and when t is 3.75s, the high-pressure gas tank for supplying gas to the gas inlet 1 is opened, the high-pressure gas starts to flow and enters the laval nozzle to accelerate, the accelerated air enters the device in the embodiment, after about 0.3s, the static pressure in front of the laval nozzle reaches a stable value, and the pressure of the gas collecting cavity 4 enters a stable state 2.5s after the test is started. When t is 6.25s, namely 2.5s after the test is started, the valve of each branch pipeline is opened, and the powder supply system enters a working state. Because the pressure building rate of the backpressure simulator is high, in order to avoid that the pressure in the backpressure simulator is higher than the pressure in the fluidization cavity 11 in the pressure building process to cause that the powder fuel flows back to enter the fluidization gas pipeline to pollute the electromagnetic valve, the backpressure simulator is inflated after the powder supply system works for 1.5s in the test, namely t is 7.75 s. After that, along with the completion of the pressure building process of the fluidization cavity 11, the driving cavity 8 and the backpressure simulator, the whole air inlet 1 bleed air powder supply test system enters a stable working state, wherein the stable working pressure of the air collection cavity 4 is about 0.52MPa, and the stable working pressures of the driving cavity 8 and the fluidization cavity 11 are 0.46MPa and 0.43MPa respectively. The steady state operation lasts for about 11 s. The piston velocity was calculated to be 9.43mm/s, from which it was calculated that the drive gas flow rate was 1.5 g/s, corresponding to a powder particle mass flow rate of 288g/s, and the fluidizing gas mass flow rate was 10.5g/s, and the amount of gas flowing from the inlet port 1 into the gas take-off pipe 2 was 12 g/s. The experimental result is shown in fig. 3, in the process, the displacement curve of the piston 9 is stable, the slope is not obviously changed, and the stable powder supply is illustrated in the stable working stage. The powder supply was stable over a period of 11 seconds, indicating that the powder supply could be stable for a long period of time.
Claims (5)
1. The air inlet air-entraining powder supply device with the controllable flow is characterized by comprising an air inlet (1) and a powder storage tank (7), wherein a piston (9) is coaxially sleeved in the powder storage tank (7), the piston (9) divides an inner cavity of the powder storage tank (7) into a driving cavity (8) and a fluidizing cavity (11) which are positioned in front of and behind the piston (9), and the fluidizing cavity (11) is used for filling powder particles (10); the front end of the driving cavity (8) and the rear end of the fluidization cavity (11) are respectively communicated with an air intake pipe (2) through a branch pipeline, and the air intake end of the air intake pipe (2) is communicated with the front part of the air intake passage (1) so as to introduce part of supersonic air in the air intake passage (1) into the front end of the driving cavity (8) and the rear end of the fluidization cavity (11);
the air in the driving chamber (8) is used for pushing the powder particles (10) in the fluidization chamber (11) to move towards the rear; the air in the fluidization cavity (11) is used for wrapping powder particles at the outlet of the rear end to flow into the combustion chamber and is mixed with the gas entering the combustion chamber in the air inlet channel (1).
2. The air inlet bleed air powder supply device with the controllable flow rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein a stop valve (3), an air collection cavity (4) and a pressure reducing valve (5) are sequentially installed on the air intake pipe along the air flow direction, and a pressure reducing overflow valve (6) is arranged on a branch pipeline communicated with the fluidization cavity (11); the pressure of the gas in the driving cavity (8) is controlled to be higher than the pressure in the fluidization cavity (11) by controlling the pressure reducing valve (5), and the mass ratio of the gas and the powder is controlled by controlling the pressure reducing overflow valve (6) to change the gas pressure.
3. Air inlet bleed air powder supply device with controllable flow according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the position where the air intake pipe (2) is connected to the air inlet (1) is located between the normal shock wave (d) and the last oblique shock wave (c).
4. The powder supply method of the air inlet bleed air powder supply device with the controllable flow rate is characterized in that a part of supersonic air in the air inlet (1) enters the driving cavity (8) and the fluidizing cavity (11) respectively, and the supersonic air in the driving cavity (8) drives the piston (9) to drive the powder particles to move towards the rear; and powder particles at the outlet at the rear end in the fluidization cavity (11) are fluidized by the supersonic air in the fluidization cavity and flow into the combustion chamber.
5. The powder supply method of the air inlet bleed air powder supply device with the controllable flow rate is characterized in that the stop valve (3) is opened, the pressure reducing valve (5) and the pressure reducing overflow valve (6) are opened after the pressure in the air collecting cavity (4) is stabilized, part of supersonic air in the air inlet (1) enters the air collecting cavity (4) and the pressure reducing valve (5) in sequence through the air taking pipe (2), and one path of air enters the driving cavity (8) to drive the powder particles to move backwards; and the other path of gas enters the rear end of the fluidization cavity (11) through the pressure reduction overflow valve (6), fluidizes the powder particles at the rear end and enters the combustion chamber under the air entrainment.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112922726A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Powder supply device, metal powder ramjet and aircraft |
CN113882965A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Metal hydrogen storage powder water-flushing engine |
CN114033574A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ramjet engine system |
RU2767583C1 (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-17 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ КАЗЕННОЕ ВОЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" МИНИСТЕРСТВА ОБОРОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ | Method for feeding a nanodispersed component of a fuel composition into the combustion chamber of a ramjet engine |
CN115506892A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-23 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Staged fluidized structure of pulverized fuel supply system |
CN115571638A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-06 | 北京理工大学 | Stable powder supply method and device suitable for variable cross-section powder storage section |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112922726A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Powder supply device, metal powder ramjet and aircraft |
CN112922726B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Powder supply device, metal powder ramjet and aircraft |
RU2767583C1 (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-17 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ КАЗЕННОЕ ВОЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" МИНИСТЕРСТВА ОБОРОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ | Method for feeding a nanodispersed component of a fuel composition into the combustion chamber of a ramjet engine |
CN113882965A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Metal hydrogen storage powder water-flushing engine |
CN113882965B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-12-29 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Metal hydrogen storage powder water ramjet engine |
CN114033574A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ramjet engine system |
CN115506892A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-23 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Staged fluidized structure of pulverized fuel supply system |
CN115571638A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-06 | 北京理工大学 | Stable powder supply method and device suitable for variable cross-section powder storage section |
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