CN111594134B - Intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time and working method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111594134B CN111594134B CN202010525525.2A CN202010525525A CN111594134B CN 111594134 B CN111594134 B CN 111594134B CN 202010525525 A CN202010525525 A CN 202010525525A CN 111594134 B CN111594134 B CN 111594134B
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- cutting teeth
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time and a working method thereof, wherein the intelligent drill bit comprises a PDC drill bit body, a plurality of uniformly distributed PDC drill bit blades are arranged on the drill bit body, a mounting hole is formed in the cutting surface of each PDC drill bit blade, a plurality of PDC drill bit cutting teeth are arranged in the mounting hole, and at least one pressure measuring cutting tooth is arranged in each row of PDC drill bit cutting teeth; the pressure measuring cutting tooth is provided with a monitoring device, a through communication hole is arranged in the middle of a PDC drill bit blade and is used as a wiring groove, the lower part of the wiring groove is connected to a hollow cavity in the spray head, and the upper part of the wiring groove is connected to the monitoring device of the pressure measuring cutting tooth; the wiring groove is internally provided with a wire and a signal conversion module, the wire is connected to the signal conversion module from the monitoring device, and the signal conversion module is provided with a wireless signal transmitting device. According to the invention, by additionally arranging the monitoring device while drilling, the perception of the PDC drill bit on the characteristics of stratum rocks can be obviously improved, and powerful technical support is provided for directional drilling technology and dessert identification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to an intelligent drill bit, and specifically relates to an intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time and a working method thereof.
Background
The drill bit is a necessary tool in drilling engineering, is used for geological exploration, oil and gas exploitation, well drilling and the like, and needs to select drill bits with different structures and functions for different stratums. In the petroleum industry, as the demand for unconventional oil and gas resources increases, corresponding drilling technology equipment is gradually developed, wherein the drill bit mainly plays a role in breaking rocks and forming a borehole. The existing drill bits can be divided into three types, namely a diamond bit, a roller cone bit and a drag bit, and in addition, some novel drill bits which are expanded on the basis of the three types of drill bits are also provided.
The PDC drill bit is a novel cutting type drill bit formed by embedding an artificial polycrystalline diamond cutting block in a drill bit matrix. In recent years, with the change of the mixing process and the manufacturing process, the erosion resistance and the impact resistance of the PDC drill bit are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the PDC drill bit also realizes important breakthrough in the aspects of tooth design technology and tooth arrangement. PDC bits are also becoming more widely used.
Cutting force is an important physical quantity of the PDC drill bit in the rock breaking process, but the cutting force cannot be measured in the prior art. Meanwhile, the existing measurement while drilling tool cannot provide the most front information of the PDC drill bit during rock breaking, and certain lag exists in reservoir lithology identification.
In view of the above problems, some related research schemes exist, such as chinese patent application No. 201621181006.4, which provides a way to monitor cutting torque in real time, but it is a thrust signal detected by a torque sensor, which has large interference factors and limited detection accuracy, and chinese patent application No. 201810360236.4, which discloses a device capable of collecting downhole mechanical parameters, but does not disclose how to collect and whether to collect cutting force.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the intelligent drill bit for monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time, and the additional monitoring device while drilling can obviously improve the perception of the PDC drill bit on the characteristics of stratum rocks and provide powerful technical support for the directional drilling technology and dessert identification.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent drill bit for monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time comprises a PDC drill bit body, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed PDC drill bit blades are arranged on the drill bit body, and a plurality of PDC drill bit cutting teeth are arranged on the cutting surfaces of the PDC drill bit blades; the pressure measuring cutting tooth is provided with a pressure monitoring device, the middle part of a blade of the PDC drill bit is provided with a blade internal wiring groove, the gage surface of the PDC drill bit is internally provided with a gage surface wiring groove, the lower part of the gage surface wiring groove is connected to a hollow cavity inside the spray head, and the upper part of the gage surface wiring groove is connected to the pressure monitoring device of the pressure measuring cutting tooth; the inside wiring groove of wing is equipped with the wire, is equipped with signal conversion module in the wiring groove of gauge face, and the wire is connected to signal conversion module from pressure monitoring device, and signal conversion module has wireless signal emitter.
Furthermore, the pressure monitoring device is a piezoelectric sensor which is embedded in the middle of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth processed into a hollow structure to form pressure measuring cutting teeth, and high-temperature-resistant insulating paint is coated on the surface of a lead connected with the piezoelectric sensor.
The piezoelectric sensor comprises a base, wherein the base is of a hollow cylinder structure, one end of the base is provided with a round hole with an opening in the middle, the aperture is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, the outer wall of the other end of the base is provided with a section of flange, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the flange, the base is provided with an end sensor top cover at one side of the threaded holes, the sensor top cover is provided with a plurality of threaded holes corresponding to the base and is connected through matched studs, a pressing plate, a first piezoelectric crystal, a conducting plate and a second piezoelectric crystal are sequentially arranged in the sensor top cover and are tightly pressed in the base through the sensor top cover, and the outer edge of the second piezoelectric crystal at the tail end is blocked with the round hole of the base;
a section of wire socket is also arranged above the sensor top cover, and the wire socket is also provided with a threaded hole and is fixed on the sensor top cover and the base through a stud.
The side surface of the conducting strip is connected with a wire, the sensor top cover is provided with a hole, and the wire penetrates through the hole on the sensor top cover from the inside of the base to extend to the outside and is finally connected to the signal conversion module;
the diameter of the piezoelectric sensor is 8mm and is smaller than the diameter of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth.
Further, a PDC drill bit cutting teeth for placing piezoelectric sensor, it is processed into one end confined tubular structure, the blind end inboard is equipped with circular boss, and the diameter and the degree of depth of circular boss are unanimous completely with the round hole size that sets up in base one end, circular boss can just touch the second piezoelectric crystal who leans on the tip, be equipped with a plurality of screw holes at the other end of PDC drill bit cutting teeth tubular structure, and be equipped with the pressure strip at the screw hole end, be equipped with the screw hole that corresponds PDC drill bit cutting teeth tubular structure on the pressure strip, it is fixed with pressure strip and PDC drill bit cutting teeth through the bolt, and further inside with piezoelectric sensor PDC drill bit cutting teeth.
Furthermore, wiring groove lower part is connected in the inside cavity side of PDC drill bit body to from the cavity body coupling to the PDC drill bit body outside, be equipped with the counter bore in the outside of junction, place signal conversion module in the counter bore, and set up wireless signal emitter in the wiring groove between the inside cavity of signal conversion module to PDC drill bit body.
Further, inside wiring groove of wing and gage surface wiring groove present L type structure, and its top extends to the inside cavity top of PDC drill bit body from piezoelectric sensor below perpendicularly, then the level extends to PDC drill bit wing side, as the inside wiring groove of wing, then is equipped with a monoblock dead slot downwards from PDC drill bit wing, as gage surface wiring groove, gage surface wiring groove is connected to the counter bore, constitutes type of falling T structure with the counter bore.
Furthermore, T-shaped sealing blocks are arranged outside the gauge surface wiring groove and the counter bore and are made of hard rubber, and the sealing blocks are tightly pressed in an inverted T-shaped structure formed by the gauge surface wiring groove and the counter bore to keep internal and external sealing.
Furthermore, the pressure measuring cutting teeth are formed by modifying the PDC drill bit cutting teeth arranged in the middle of the blade, and if the number of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth on the blade is even, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth which are close to the axis of the PDC drill bit body in the 2 PDC drill bit cutting teeth in the middle of the blade are selected to be modified.
Furthermore, a matched wireless signal receiver, a data acquisition card and a computer are arranged on the well site.
A working method of an intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time comprises the following steps:
when the bit is working, the PDC bit cutting teeth on the PDC bit blades cut the stratum, at the moment, the cutting force is measured by the piezoelectric sensor on the pressure measuring cutting teeth, the electric signal is transmitted to a signal conversion module through a wire, the electric signal is subjected to charge amplification and voltage amplification in the signal conversion module, the voltage which meets the requirement and is output by an amplifier is filtered by a low-pass filter to be changed into a low-frequency voltage signal, the low-frequency voltage signal is changed into a discrete signal after being sampled and held by a sample and hold circuit in a sample and hold circuit unit, the discrete signal is changed into a digital signal after being subjected to A/D conversion, and the processed digital signal is sent to the ground through a wireless signal transmitting device, the signal is received by a wireless signal receiving device and is transmitted to a computer by a data acquisition card, and the computer records and stores the acquired electric signal; and/or after the processed digital signal is sent to the wireless signal transmitting device, the processed digital signal is stored in the wireless signal transmitting device and the data condition inside the wireless signal transmitting device is analyzed after the processed digital signal is taken out.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
through structural improvement and installation of a monitoring device, the cutting force generated when the PDC drill bit breaks rock can be accurately acquired, the acquired data can be fed back to the well in real time, a constructor can conveniently adjust and control the working state of the drill bit according to the real-time data, and the problem that the existing measurement while drilling tool lags behind the problem of acquiring reservoir stratum lithology data at the front end of the PDC drill bit is solved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the structure of the drill bit has no influence on the performance, erosion resistance and impact resistance of the drill bit;
structurally, the invention relates to a mode of combining piezoelectric sensors in a layered manner, improves PDC drill bit cutting teeth in a matching manner, ensures better sealing and contact performances, ensures accurate monitoring results, is real and durable in structure, can be used for not less than 1000 hours underground, effectively improves the cutting pressure monitoring capability, provides guidance for construction parameters such as the rotating speed on the well and the like, and provides a data acquisition scheme for the arrangement of the drilling work of the same type.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent drill bit for real-time monitoring of cutting force in oil and gas drilling according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a is an axial view of an assembly of a piezoelectric transducer mounted on a drill bit body;
FIG. 2b is a right side view of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3a is a structural diagram of a piezoelectric transducer design;
FIG. 3b is a right side view of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 3c is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4a is an assembly view of a piezoelectric transducer mounted to a PDC compact;
FIG. 4b is a right side view of FIG. 4 a;
FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 4 a;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the overall assembly of the piezoelectric transducer.
The meaning of each reference number in the figures is:
1-PDC bit body;
2-PDC drill bit blade, 21-PDC drill bit cutting teeth, 22-blade internal wiring grooves, 23-gauge surface wiring grooves, 24-pressure measuring cutting teeth, 241-piezoelectric sensors, 2411-wire sockets, 2412-studs, 2413-leads, 2414-sensor top covers, 2415-pressing plates, 2416-piezoelectric crystals, 2417-conducting plates, 2418-bases and 242-pressure measuring cutting tooth end covers;
3-water eyes;
4-a signal conversion module;
5-a wireless signal transmitting device;
6-bit joint.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that, in this document, words such as "upper", "lower", etc., are used merely for convenience of description of the drawings, and do not limit the direction in actual use, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in fig. 2, an intelligent drill bit for real-time monitoring of drilling cutting force comprises a PDC drill bit body 1, a plurality of uniformly distributed blades 2 are arranged on the drill bit body, and a plurality of PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 and at least one pressure measuring cutting tooth 24 are arranged on each blade 2; the pressure measuring cutting tooth 24 is provided with a piezoelectric sensor, a through communication hole is arranged in the middle of the blade 2 and is used as a wiring groove, the lower part of the wiring groove is connected to a hollow cavity in the spray head, and the upper part of the wiring groove is connected to a monitoring device of the pressure measuring cutting tooth 24; be equipped with wire and signal conversion module 4 in the wiring groove, the wire is connected to signal conversion module 4 from monitoring devices, and signal conversion module 4 has wireless signal emitter 5, and wireless signal emitter 5 embeds the accumulator, can store data, and the storage space is selected as required, is not less than 1G. The monitoring device is a piezoelectric transducer 241, the piezoelectric transducer 241 is a specially customized miniature piezoelectric transducer crystal that is small in size to be embedded in the cutting teeth of a PDC bit, and the curie point of the piezoelectric transducer 241 crystal is as high as possible to prevent depolarization during machining. The piezoelectric sensor 241 is embedded in the middle of the ordinary PDC drill bit cutting tooth 21 to form a pressure measuring cutting tooth 24. The diameter of the piezoelectric transducer 241 is 8mm, which is smaller than the diameter of the PDC bit cutting teeth 21. The wiring groove lower part is connected to the side face of the hollow cavity inside the PDC drill bit body 1, the hollow cavity is connected to the outer side of the PDC drill bit body 1, a counter bore is formed in the outer side of the joint, the signal conversion module 4 is arranged in the counter bore, a wireless signal transmitting device is arranged in the wiring groove from the signal conversion module 4 to the hollow cavity inside the PDC drill bit body 1, and a matched wireless signal receiver, a data acquisition card and a computer are arranged on the uphole area of a well site. Wiring groove totality is the L structure, and its top extends to the inside cavity top of PDC drill bit body 1 from piezoelectric sensor 241 below perpendicularly, then the level extends to 2 sides of PDC drill bit wing, as the inside wiring groove 22 of wing, then is equipped with a monoblock dead slot downwards from PDC drill bit wing 2, as gauge face wiring groove 23, and gauge face wiring groove 23 is connected to the counter bore, constitutes type of falling T structure with the counter bore. The outside of the gauge surface wiring groove 23 and the counter bore is provided with a T-shaped sealing block, the sealing block is made of hard rubber such as ZP-375 industrial rubber, and is pressed in an inverted T-shaped structure formed by the gauge surface wiring groove 23 and the counter bore to keep internal and external sealing and protect internal electrical elements. And brushing a layer of zs-411 high-temperature-resistant coating on the blade inner wiring groove 22 and the gauge surface wiring groove 23. The conversion module 4 is sealed with rubber.
Further, the pressure measuring cutting teeth 24 are obtained by modifying the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 arranged in the middle of the blade 2, and if the number of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 on the blade 2 is even, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 close to the axis of the PDC drill bit body 1 in the middle 2 of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 are selected for modification; of course, other PDC bit cutters 21 disposed thereon may also achieve the sensing effect, but are most preferred near the middle for longer life.
Further, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 are modified into the pressure measuring cutting teeth 24 in the following manner: cutting a small opening on the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21, enabling the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 to contract when cooled and the cut to expand when the cut is large in a low-temperature environment, embedding the piezoelectric sensor 241 into the cut, enabling the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 to expand when heated and the cut to shrink when the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 and the piezoelectric sensor 241 automatically achieve interference fit at normal temperature or at a downhole temperature, and enabling the initial pressing force at the moment to be used as a compensation parameter to be cleared in data, so that the pressure borne by the piezoelectric sensor 241 during cutting is the cutting force generated by the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 2.
As shown in fig. 3a-3c, when the piezoelectric transducer 241 is assembled, a layer of zs-411 high temperature resistant paint with a thickness of about 0.4 mm is required to be brushed on the piezoelectric transducer 241. The connection between the first piezoelectric crystal and the base 2418, the connection between the conducting sheet 2417 and the second piezoelectric crystal, and the connection between the pressing plate 2415 and the first piezoelectric crystal are bonded by using conducting glue, and the connection between the conducting sheet 2417 and the lead 2413 adopts thermocompression bonding. The base 2418 and top cover 2414 are degreased and cleaned prior to assembly. The whole shell cavity part and the inlet and the outlet of the lead 3 are sealed by rubber. As shown in fig. 4a-4c, the sensor base 2418 and sensor top 2414 are also degreased and cleaned prior to assembly. Zs-411 high-temperature resistant coating is coated on the inner surface of the cutting tooth. The inlet and outlet of the lead on the pressure measuring cutting tooth end cover 242 are sealed by rubber, and the vacant part inside the cutting tooth is filled by rubber. Specifically, the piezoelectric sensor 241 includes a base 2418, the base 2418 is a hollow cylindrical structure, one end of the cylinder is provided with a round hole with an opening at the middle part, the aperture is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder body, the outer wall of the other end is provided with a section of flange, a plurality of threaded holes are arranged in the flange, an end part sensor top cover 2414 at one side of the base 2418 with the threaded holes is provided with a plurality of threaded holes corresponding to the base 2418 on the sensor top cover 2414, and is connected with the sensor through a stud 2412 which is arranged in a matching way, a pressure plate 2415, a first piezoelectric crystal, a conducting strip 2417 and a second piezoelectric crystal are arranged in the sensor top cover 2414 in sequence, the piezoelectric crystals are pressed in the base 2418 through the sensor top cover 2414, the outer edge of the second piezoelectric crystal at the tail end is made to block the round hole of the base 2418, the inner side of the sensor top cover 2414 is provided with a round counter bore, a circular column is arranged at the top of the pressing plate 2415, and the circular column is just clamped into the circular counter bore for fixation; a section of wire socket 2411 is further arranged above the sensor top cover 2414, the wire socket 2411 is also provided with a threaded hole and is fixed on the sensor top cover 2414 and the base 2418 through a stud 2412, and particularly, as shown in fig. 3a, the wire socket 2411 is in a strip structure, the length of the wire socket is only half of that of the sensor top cover 2414, one end of the wire socket is fixed through the bolt 2412, and the other end of the wire socket extends to the position of the axis of the sensor top cover 2414 so as to be convenient for wire plugging. A conducting wire 2413 is connected to the side surface of the conducting sheet 2417, a hole is formed in the sensor top cover 2414, and the conducting wire 2413 passes through the hole in the sensor top cover 2414 from the inside of the base 2418 to extend to the outside and is finally connected to the signal conversion module 4; the diameter of the piezoelectric transducer 241 is 8mm, which is smaller than the diameter of the PDC bit cutting teeth 21. A PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 for placing piezoelectric sensor 241, it is processed into one end confined tubular structure, the blind end inboard is equipped with circular boss, and the diameter and the degree of depth of circular boss are unanimous completely with the round hole size that sets up in base 2418 one end, circular boss can just touch the second piezoelectric crystal who leans on the tip, be equipped with a plurality of screw holes at the other end of PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 tubular structure, and be equipped with the pressure strip at the screw hole end, be equipped with the screw hole that corresponds PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 tubular structure on the pressure strip, it is fixed with pressure strip and PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 through bolt 2412, and further compress tightly piezoelectric sensor 241 inside PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21.
The intelligent drill bit adopting the structure and capable of monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time has the following using method:
when the drill bit works, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth 21 on the PDC drill bit blades 2 cut the stratum, at the moment, the cutting force is measured by the piezoelectric sensors 241 on the pressure measuring cutting teeth 24, the electric signal is transmitted to the signal conversion module 4 through the lead 2413, the electric signal is subjected to charge amplification and voltage amplification in the signal conversion module 4, the voltage which meets the requirements and is output by the amplifier is filtered by the low-pass filter to be changed into a low-frequency voltage signal, the low-frequency voltage signal is sampled and held by a sample and hold circuit in a sample and hold circuit unit to be changed into a discrete signal, the discrete signal is changed into a digital signal after A/D conversion, the processed digital signal is sent to the ground through the wireless signal transmitting device 5, the signal is received by the wireless signal receiving device and is transmitted to a computer through the data acquisition card, and the acquired electric signal is recorded and stored by the computer, and the data collected for a plurality of different pressure measuring cutting teeth 24 needs to be averaged. The signal is received by a wireless signal receiving device, and the received digital signal is recorded in real time and stored in a computer through a data acquisition card, and the cutting force characteristics of the PDC bit cutting teeth 21 can be processed in a frequency domain conversion mode, a Laplace conversion mode and the like through the computer.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent drill bit for monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time comprises a PDC drill bit body (1), a plurality of uniformly distributed PDC drill bit blades (2) are arranged on the drill bit body, and a plurality of PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) are arranged on the cutting surfaces of the PDC drill bit blades, and is characterized in that each row of PDC drill bit cutting teeth comprises at least one pressure measuring cutting tooth (24); the pressure measuring cutting teeth (24) are provided with pressure monitoring devices, blade internal wiring grooves (22) are formed in the middle of blades of the PDC drill bit, gauge surface wiring grooves (23) are formed in the gauge surface of the PDC drill bit, the lower portions of the gauge surface wiring grooves (23) are connected to a hollow cavity in the sprayer, and the upper portions of the gauge surface wiring grooves are connected to the pressure monitoring devices of the pressure measuring cutting teeth (24); a lead (2413) is arranged in the wiring groove (22) inside the blade wing, a signal conversion module (4) is arranged in the wiring groove (23) on the diameter-keeping surface, the lead (2413) is connected to the signal conversion module (4) from a pressure monitoring device, and the signal conversion module (4) is provided with a wireless signal transmitting device (5);
the pressure monitoring device is a piezoelectric sensor (241), the piezoelectric sensor (241) is embedded in the middle of a PDC drill bit cutting tooth (21) which is processed into a hollow structure to form a pressure measuring cutting tooth (24), and a lead connected with the piezoelectric sensor (241) is connected with the lead
The surface is coated with high-temperature resistant insulating paint;
the piezoelectric sensor (241) comprises a base (2418), the base (2418) is of a hollow cylinder structure, one end of the base (2418) is provided with a round hole with an opening in the middle, the aperture is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, the outer wall of the other end of the base is provided with a section of flange, the flange is internally provided with a plurality of threaded holes, an end sensor top cover (2414) is arranged on one side of the base (2418) with the threaded holes, the sensor top cover (2414) is provided with a plurality of threaded holes corresponding to the base (2418) and is connected with the base through a matched stud (2412), a pressing plate (2415), a first piezoelectric crystal, a conducting plate (2417) and a second piezoelectric crystal are sequentially arranged in the sensor top cover (2414), and are pressed in the base (2418) through the sensor top cover (2414), so that the outer edge of the second piezoelectric crystal at the tail end blocks the round hole of the base (2418);
a section of wire socket (2411) is also arranged above the sensor top cover (2414), the wire socket (2411) is also provided with a threaded hole, and the wire socket is fixed on the sensor top cover (2414) and the base (2418) through a stud (2412);
a conducting wire (2413) is connected to the side surface of the conducting plate (2417), a hole is formed in the sensor top cover (2414), and the conducting wire (2413) penetrates through the hole in the sensor top cover (2414) from the inside of the base (2418) to extend to the outside and is finally connected to the signal conversion module (4);
the diameter of the piezoelectric sensor (241) is 8mm and is smaller than the diameter of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21).
2. An intelligent drill bit for real-time monitoring of drilling cutting force according to claim 1, characterized in that the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) used for placing the piezoelectric transducer (241), the piezoelectric crystal is processed into a cylinder structure with one closed end, a circular boss is arranged on the inner side of the closed end, the diameter and the depth of the circular boss are completely consistent with the size of a circular hole arranged at one end of a base (2418), the circular boss can just contact with a second piezoelectric crystal close to the end part, the other end of the PDC drill bit cutting tooth (21) cylinder structure is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the end of each threaded hole is provided with a pressing plate, the pressure strip is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the cylinder structure of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21), the pressing plate and the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) are fixed through a stud (2412), and further compresses the piezoelectric transducer (241) within the PDC bit cutter (21).
3. The intelligent drill bit for monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the lower part of the wiring groove (23) is connected to the side of the hollow cavity inside the PDC drill bit body and connected to the outside of the PDC drill bit body (1) from the hollow cavity, a counter bore is arranged outside the connection position, a signal conversion module (4) is arranged in the counter bore, and a wireless signal transmitting device (5) is arranged in the wiring groove (23) from the signal conversion module (4) to the hollow cavity inside the PDC drill bit body (1).
4. The intelligent drill bit capable of monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the blade internal wiring groove (22) and the gauge face wiring groove (23) are in an L-shaped structure, the top of the L-shaped structure vertically extends from below the piezoelectric sensor (241) to above the hollow cavity inside the PDC drill bit body (1), then horizontally extends to the side face of the PDC drill bit blade (2) to serve as the blade internal wiring groove (22), then a whole block of hollow groove is arranged downwards from the PDC drill bit blade (2) to serve as the gauge face wiring groove (23), and the gauge face wiring groove (23) is connected to the counter bore to form an inverted T-shaped structure with the counter bore.
5. The intelligent drill bit capable of monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time according to claim 4, wherein a T-shaped sealing block is arranged outside the gauge surface wiring groove (23) and the counter bore, is made of hard rubber, and is pressed in an inverted T-shaped structure formed by the gauge surface wiring groove (23) and the counter bore to keep internal and external sealing.
6. The intelligent drill bit capable of monitoring the drilling cutting force in real time according to claim 1, wherein the pressure measuring cutting teeth (24) are obtained by modifying the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) arranged in the middle of the PDC drill bit blades (2), and if the number of the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) on the PDC drill bit blades (2) is even, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) close to the axis of the PDC drill bit body (1) in the middle 2 PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) are selected for modification.
7. The intelligent drill bit for real-time monitoring of drilling cutting force according to claim 1, wherein a matched wireless signal receiver, a data acquisition card and a computer are arranged at a well site.
8. A method of operating a smart drill bit for real-time monitoring of drilling cutting force according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
when the drill bit works, the PDC drill bit cutting teeth (21) on the blades of the PDC drill bit cut the stratum, at the moment, the cutting force is measured by a piezoelectric sensor (241) on a pressure measuring cutting tooth (24), an electric signal is transmitted to a signal conversion module (4) through a lead (2413), the electric signal is subjected to charge amplification and voltage amplification in the signal conversion module (4), the voltage which meets the requirement and is output by an amplifier is filtered by a low-pass filter to be changed into a low-frequency voltage signal, the low-frequency voltage signal is changed into a discrete signal after being sampled and held by a sample and hold circuit in a sample and hold circuit unit, the discrete signal is changed into a digital signal after being subjected to A/D conversion, the processed digital signal is sent to a wireless signal transmitting device (5) and then sent to the ground, the signal is received by a wireless signal receiving device and is transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card, recording and storing the collected electric signals by a computer; and/or after the processed digital signal is sent to the wireless signal transmitting device (5), the processed digital signal is stored in the wireless signal transmitting device (5) and the data condition in the digital signal is analyzed after the digital signal is taken out.
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| CN202010525525.2A CN111594134B (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Intelligent drill bit for monitoring drilling cutting force in real time and working method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11668185B2 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2023-06-06 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | In-cutter sensor LWD tool and method |
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