CN111590921A - Method and device for forming high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control - Google Patents
Method and device for forming high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control Download PDFInfo
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- CN111590921A CN111590921A CN202010433111.7A CN202010433111A CN111590921A CN 111590921 A CN111590921 A CN 111590921A CN 202010433111 A CN202010433111 A CN 202010433111A CN 111590921 A CN111590921 A CN 111590921A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
- B29K2105/18—Fillers oriented
Abstract
The invention relates to a forming method and a device of a high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control, wherein the method comprises the steps of placing a polymer/magnetized filler composite material blank heated to a high elastic state in a magnetic field, realizing oriented arrangement of fillers through the induction action of an external magnetic field to form a filler passage, simultaneously carrying out mould pressing on the blank by utilizing a mould with an ordered microstructure, impressing the ordered microstructure on the surface of the blank, then cooling and demoulding a product, and finally forming a heat-conducting composite material product with an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure. The device comprises an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head which are arranged up and down on the same axis, wherein an upper coil is arranged in the upper pressure head, and the bottom surface of the upper pressure head is connected with a die; a lower coil is arranged in the lower pressure head, and the top surface of the lower pressure head is connected with the die; the upper coil and the lower coil are coaxially arranged, the coils are the same in size, the number of turns is the same, the winding direction is the same, and the coils are connected in series in the same circuit; the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head are respectively connected with the upper oil cylinder and the lower oil cylinder through an upper guide pillar and a lower guide pillar; an infrared heater is also arranged on the frame. The invention has simple principle and equipment structure and high forming efficiency, and can obtain higher heat-conducting property without using high-content heat-conducting filler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing and forming of high polymer materials, in particular to a method and a device for forming a high polymer heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control.
Background
At present, the heat conduction materials are mostly metal materials such as copper and aluminum, and have the problems of high processing cost, low processing efficiency, long processing period, relatively large density and the like, and the high polymer materials have the characteristics of chemical corrosion resistance, light weight, easy processing and forming and the like, and play an increasingly important role in the fields of replacing metal materials to be applied to the heat dissipation of communication equipment, the heat exchange of a microelectronic system and the like.
The most convenient and most common method for improving the heat-conducting property of the composite material is to add more heat-conducting fillers and increase the possibility of overlapping the fillers, so that a filler passage is formed in the composite material. In the traditional manufacturing method, the filler content of 50 wt% or even more than 60-70 wt% is usually needed to obtain higher thermal conductivity of the polymer material, but too high filler content can cause the reduction of the polymer material performance, such as tensile strength, toughness and processability, and the mechanical property of the composite material is not enough to meet the use requirement.
The properties of polymer composites depend on multi-scale structures such as external surface structures, filler dispersion and distribution, and orientation structures. Researches show that the ordered surface structure enables the composite material product to have larger specific surface area, and the heat exchange area can be increased under the same volume, so that the heat transfer process of heat on the surface of the radiator is quicker and more efficient. The existing methods commonly used for forming the ordered structure on the surface of the polymer mainly comprise micro-extrusion, micro-injection molding, micro-casting, micro-imprinting technology and the like. Wherein the micro-embossing technique is heating the polymer substrate to vitrificationTransition temperature (T)g) Or crystalline polymer melting point (T)m) In the above, the process of imprinting the ordered structural features of the mold onto the surface of the polymer substrate by applying pressure directed perpendicularly to the polymer substrate to the mold having the ordered structure. On the other hand, in the prior art, the internal aggregation structure is usually regulated and controlled by means of adjusting material characteristics, controlling a processing flow field and the like, for example, the surface of the filler is modified, the process parameters of the blending process are adjusted, an external field is introduced in the processing process, and the like. However, the above methods can only realize the control of the single-scale structure of the polymer heat dissipation material. The micro-embossing process can only change the surface structure of the product, but can not change the aggregation structure such as the distribution orientation of the internal filler. The processing mode capable of realizing the change of the internal aggregation structure can not realize the molding of the surface structure of the product, so that the existing molding method of the heat-conducting composite material has single function, and the high-performance heat-conducting functional material with an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure can not be prepared at one time.
Aiming at the problems of complex principle, high filler content, low mechanical property, incapability of realizing multi-scale structure control of an internal filler structure and a surface structure and the like in the conventional preparation method of the polymer heat-conducting functional material, the development of a novel forming method and a novel forming device of the high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for molding a high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control, which is simple in structure and high in molding efficiency.
The invention also aims to provide a high-molecular heat-conducting composite material forming device based on multi-scale structure control for realizing the method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for forming high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control includes such steps as magnetizing filler to make it have paramagnetism, preparing composite material blank by fusion or solution blending, heating to high-elasticity state, putting it in magnetic field, controllable directional arrangement of filler in polymer by changing the technological conditions of external magnetic field intensity, magnetic field type and magnetic field acting time, die pressing, pressing the blank by the die with ordered structure, pressing the ordered structure on the surface of die onto the surface of composite material, cooling, and demoulding.
The method for molding the high polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out magnetization modification on a filler, and preparing a composite material blank in a melt blending or solution blending mode; and then raising the temperature of the composite material to a certain temperature, applying a magnetic field to the composite material to induce the directional arrangement of the filler, controlling a mold to contact with the blank under a certain pressure in the process, impressing the ordered structure characteristics on the surface of the mold on the surface of the blank, and finally cooling and demolding to realize the molding of the internal filler passage and the surface ordered structure at one time.
The heat-conducting filler can be a single filler or a hybrid filler consisting of a plurality of fillers.
The magnetic field strength, the type of the magnetic field and the acting time of the magnetic field can be adjusted.
The surface ordered structure characteristics of the heat conduction functional material are consistent with those of the upper die and/or the lower die, and the upper die and the lower die can be replaced according to the requirements of products.
The invention relates to a polymer heat-conducting composite material forming device based on multi-scale structure control for realizing the method, which comprises an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head which are arranged up and down on the same axis, wherein an upper coil, a water inlet, a water outlet, a magnetic field sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the upper pressure head, and the lower part of the upper pressure head is connected with an upper die; a lower coil, a water inlet, a water outlet, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the lower pressure head, and the upper part of the lower pressure head is connected with a lower die; the upper coil and the lower coil are coaxially arranged; the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head are respectively connected with the upper oil cylinder and the lower oil cylinder through guide pillars; an infrared heater is also arranged on the frame.
The upper pressure head and the lower pressure head can move up and down along the axis under the action of the oil cylinder
The infrared heating element is used for heating the composite material blank.
And the water inlets and the water outlets in the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for introducing cooling water to cool the product.
The upper pressure head is internally provided with an upper coil, the lower pressure head is internally provided with a lower coil, the upper coil and the lower coil have the same coil size, the same number of turns and the same winding direction, are connected in series in the same circuit, and have the same current size.
The current in the upper and lower coils can be adjusted by a controller to generate different types of magnetic fields between the upper and lower rams.
The lower surface of the upper die and/or the upper surface of the lower die have ordered structural features, and the upper die and the lower die can be replaced according to actual needs to obtain products with different surface ordered microstructures.
Taking polyethylene/carbon nanotube (PE/CNT) heat-conducting composite material as an example, when the device with the above structure is applied to the molding of PE/CNT heat-conducting composite material, the working principle is as follows: firstly, carrying out magnetization modification on CNT to enable the CNT to have paramagnetism, preparing a PE/CNT blank by melt blending or solution blending, then placing the PE/CNT blank between an upper die and a lower die, respectively controlling an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head to move axially by the upper oil cylinder and the lower oil cylinder, enabling the upper die and the lower die to be close to the blank, carrying out non-contact heating on the blank by an infrared heating element to a high elastic state to enable a PE matrix and CNT filler to have certain mobility, then applying certain pressure on the blank by the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, electrifying an upper coil and a lower coil to generate a magnetic field, inducing the controllable directional arrangement of the CNT filler in a polymer to form a heat conduction path, adjusting the CNT oriented structure by adjusting the process conditions of external magnetic field intensity, magnetic field type, magnetic field acting time and the like, and simultaneously stamping an ordered microstructure on the surface of the die on the blank surface under the action of pressure, and finally, introducing cooling water to cool and demould the mould and the product, and forming the PE/CNT heat-conducting functional material with the internal filling passage and the surface ordered microstructure in one step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method and the device for forming the high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control are simple in principle, the polymer/magnetized filler composite material blank heated to a high-elastic state is placed in a magnetic field, directional arrangement of fillers is realized through the induction action of an external magnetic field to form a filler passage, meanwhile, a mold with an ordered microstructure is used for mold pressing the blank, the ordered microstructure is impressed on the surface of the blank, then, the product is cooled and demoulded, and finally, the heat-conducting composite material product with the internal filler passage and the surface ordered structure is formed, and the forming efficiency is high.
The method and the device for forming the high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control realize controllable directional arrangement of the fillers in the polymer by controlling the external magnetic field, and can construct a filler passage with lower filler content, thereby reducing the consumption of the fillers, lowering the cost, and avoiding the problems of mechanical property reduction of the composite material when the filler content is too high.
The polymer heat-conducting composite material forming device based on multi-scale structure control is easy to operate and realize, process conditions such as adjusting the magnetic field intensity, the direction and the acting time can be suitable for preparing polymer heat-conducting composite materials of different matrixes and fillers, the application range is wide, the construction of an internal filler passage and the forming of a surface ordered structure can be completed simultaneously, the preparation flow and the equipment cost can be obviously reduced, and the application is flexible and wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polymer heat-conducting composite material molding device based on multi-scale structure control.
Fig. 2-fig. 5 are flowcharts of the working flow of the device for forming a polymer heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control in sequence according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a typical product prepared by the forming device of the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control in the embodiment 1.
In the figure: 1, feeding an oil cylinder; 2-upper guide post; 3-upper coil; 4, an upper pressure head; 5-upper beam plate; 6-upright post; 7-upper temperature sensor; 8-a controller; 9-lower temperature sensor; 10-lower pressure head; 11-lower coil; 12-a lower guide post; 13-lower oil cylinder; 14-a frame; 15-a pressure sensor; 16-a lower water outlet; 17-lower water inlet; 18-lower mould; 19-an infrared heater; 20-upper mould; 21-a magnetic field sensor; 22-an upper inlet; 23-upper water outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention relates to a method for forming a high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control, which comprises the steps of placing a polymer/magnetized filler composite material blank heated to a high-elasticity state in a magnetic field, realizing oriented arrangement of fillers through the induction action of an external magnetic field to form a filler passage, simultaneously carrying out mould pressing on the blank by using a mould with an ordered microstructure, impressing the ordered microstructure characteristics on the surface of the blank, then cooling and demoulding a product, and finally forming a heat-conducting composite material product with an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure.
Wherein, the molding step is as follows: firstly, raising the temperature of a polymer matrix/paramagnetic filler composite blank to a certain temperature, then applying a magnetic field to the composite to induce the directional arrangement of the fillers, controlling a mold to contact the composite at a certain pressure in the process, impressing the ordered structure characteristics on the surface of the mold on the surface of the blank, and finally cooling and demolding to realize the molding of an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure at one time.
In this example, the thermally conductive filler is a hybrid filler composed of a zero-dimensional particulate carbon black filler and a one-dimensional fibrous carbon nanotube filler.
The polymer heat-conducting composite material forming device for realizing the multi-scale structure control of the method comprises an upper pressure head 4 and a lower pressure head 10 which are arranged up and down on the same axis, wherein an upper coil 3, an upper water inlet 22, an upper water outlet 23, a magnetic field sensor 21 and an upper temperature sensor 7 are arranged in the upper pressure head, and the lower part of the upper pressure head is connected with an upper die 20; a lower coil 11, a lower water inlet 17, a lower water outlet 16, a lower temperature sensor 9 and a pressure sensor 15 are arranged in the lower pressure head, and the upper part of the lower pressure head is connected with a lower die 18; the upper coil and the lower coil are coaxially arranged; the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head are respectively connected with the upper oil cylinder 1 and the lower oil cylinder 13 through an upper guide pillar 2 and a lower guide pillar 12, and the upper oil cylinder and the lower oil cylinder can respectively and independently control the axial movement of the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head; the upper coil and the lower coil are identical in coil size, same in number of turns and same in winding direction, are connected in series in the same circuit, and adjust the current of the coils through the controller 8; the stand column 6 is also arranged on the rack 14, the infrared heater 19 is arranged on the stand column and is used for heating the composite material blank, and the upper beam plate 5 is arranged above the stand column; the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are internally provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and a cooling water channel for cooling the product by cooling water.
In the embodiment, the surface of the upper die is provided with ordered rectangular groove microstructure characteristics, the surface of the lower die is not provided with microstructure characteristics, and the upper die and the lower die can be replaced according to actual requirements so as to obtain products with different surface microstructures.
When the polymer heat-conducting composite material forming device controlled by the multi-scale structure is used, the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the polymer matrix/paramagnetic filler composite blank between an upper ram and a lower ram, as shown in FIG. 2;
(2) the upper oil cylinder drives the upper pressure head to move downwards, the lower oil cylinder drives the lower pressure head to move upwards until the blank is close to the surface of the die, at the moment, the infrared heating element is started to heat the blank, and the real-time temperature is monitored by the temperature sensors in the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, as shown in figure 3;
(3) after the temperature of the blank reaches a specified temperature, electrifying the upper coil and the lower coil, generating a magnetic field between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, adjusting the type, the magnetic field strength and the acting time of the magnetic field through a control element, and simultaneously applying a certain pressure to the blank by the upper pressure head under the action of the upper oil cylinder so that the upper surface of the blank forms an ordered microgroove structure characteristic which is the same as the surface of the upper mould under the pressure;
(4) after keeping for a certain time, closing the coil current and the infrared heater, introducing cooling water into the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head to cool the blank, and then demoulding, as shown in figure 5;
the schematic diagram of the finally obtained polymer heat-conducting composite material product is shown in fig. 6, the fillers in the product are directionally arranged along the magnetic field under the induction action of the magnetic field, and the upper surface of the product has the microgroove structure characteristics same as those of the upper die.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be better realized, and the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming a high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control is characterized in that a polymer/magnetized filler composite material blank heated to a high-elasticity state is placed in a magnetic field, directional arrangement of fillers is achieved through the induction effect of an external magnetic field, a filler passage is formed, meanwhile, a mold with an ordered microstructure is used for mold pressing of the blank, the ordered microstructure is impressed on the surface of the blank, then, a product is cooled and demoulded, and finally, a heat-conducting composite material product with an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure is formed.
2. The method for molding the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molding steps are as follows: firstly, raising the temperature of a polymer matrix/paramagnetic filler composite blank to a certain temperature, then applying a magnetic field to the composite to induce the directional arrangement of the fillers, controlling a mold to contact the composite at a certain pressure in the process, impressing the ordered microstructure characteristics on the surface of the mold on the surface of the blank, and finally cooling and demolding to realize the molding of an internal filler passage and a surface ordered structure at one time.
3. The method for molding the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting filler can be a single filler or a hybrid filler composed of multiple fillers.
4. The method for molding the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field intensity, the type of the magnetic field and the acting time of the magnetic field can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
5. A polymer heat-conducting composite material forming device based on multi-scale structure control is characterized by comprising an upper pressure head (4) and a lower pressure head (10) which are arranged up and down on the same axis, wherein an upper coil (3), a water inlet (22), a water outlet (23), a magnetic field sensor (21) and a temperature sensor (7) are arranged in the upper pressure head, and the bottom surface of the upper pressure head is connected with an upper die (20); a lower coil (11), a water inlet (17), a water outlet (16), a temperature sensor (9) and a pressure sensor (15) are arranged in the lower pressure head, and the top surface of the lower pressure head is connected with a lower die (18); the upper coil and the lower coil are coaxially arranged; the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively connected with the upper oil cylinder (1) and the lower oil cylinder (13) through an upper guide pillar (2) and a lower guide pillar (12); an infrared heater (19) is also arranged on the frame (14).
6. The forming device of the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 5, wherein the lower surface of the upper mold and/or the upper surface of the lower mold has an ordered microstructure characteristic.
7. The forming device of the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head can move up and down along the axis under the action of the oil cylinder.
8. The forming device of the polymer heat-conducting composite material based on the multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 5, wherein the infrared heating element is used for heating the composite material blank, and the water inlet and the water outlet in the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are used for cooling the product through cooling water.
9. The device for forming a high polymer heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control according to claim 5, wherein the upper and lower pressing heads are respectively provided with an upper coil and a lower coil, the upper and lower coils have the same size, the same number of turns and the same winding direction, and are connected in series in the same circuit.
10. The polymer heat-conducting composite material molding device based on multi-scale structure control as claimed in claim 9, wherein the current in the upper coil and the lower coil can be adjusted by a controller (8).
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| CN202010433111.7A CN111590921B (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Method and device for forming high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-scale structure control |
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| CN112537015A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-23 | 湘潭大学 | Method and device for forming high-molecular heat-conducting composite material based on multi-field cooperative regulation |
| CN115071176A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-20 | 华南理工大学 | Device and method for directionally arranging polymer-based filler coupled by electric field and pressure |
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| CN111590921B (en) | 2022-06-17 |
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