CN111589316B - High-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system - Google Patents
High-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004630 mental health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system, which comprises a hydrogen loading module, an air inlet module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module, wherein the hydrogen loading module is connected with the air inlet module; the hydrogen adding module is communicated with the air inlet module, the air and the mixer are sent into the combustion heat value measuring module through the air inlet module, and finally the air and the mixer are discharged through the waste gas treatment module. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system organically integrates a hydrogen loading module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module, and provides a scheme and guidance for practical application experiment tests; in addition, for the accurate control of the mass flow rate of the mixed gas and the effective analysis of the combustion waste emission, the safety of the experimental device is further improved, and the pollutant emission to the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical application field of household gas combustion high-efficiency energy conservation and clean energy, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system.
Background
With the great development of renewable energy sources, the technical level and capability of hydrogen production by using renewable energy sources in China are greatly improved, and the capability of hydrogen storage and transportation and market hydrogen consumption by using hydrogen energy is still insufficient. As early as 30 years old, students have proposed that hydrogen-loaded natural gas (HCNG) can be used to replace natural gas (CNG) for combustion work in internal combustion engines. Although many studies on hydrogen-loaded natural gas internal combustion engines have shown that the burning of hydrogen-loaded natural gas has many advantages including higher flame speed, more flammability and lower carbon emissions, this technology does not fundamentally solve the problem of difficult storage and transportation of hydrogen. HCNG is conveyed by the existing natural gas pipeline for combustion of a gas stove, so that the problem of hydrogen transportation is solved more conveniently, and the capability of hydrogen absorption in the market is improved greatly.
At present, the research on the combustion of HCNG in a gas stove is not very common, and the research is mainly embodied in two aspects of a hydrogen-adding process method and a mixed gas combustion mechanism. The difficulty in studying the hydrogen loading process is to mix well (reduce H 2 and CNG delamination). Currently, most scholars focus on using relatively large mixing vessels to increase mixing contact area and time and to mix H 2 and CNG as uniformly as possible in the mixing vessels. Although the mixing vessel is suitable for relatively small storage volumes of internal combustion engines, it is not necessarily suitable for larger volumes of community gas supplies with greater volatility. Because the mixing vessel is large in size and there is a greater risk of hydrogen leakage. In addition, there is also much uncertainty in the mechanism of HCNG combustion. Although the related research of the combustion mechanism of the HCNG of the internal combustion engine can be referred to, the internal combustion engine mainly focuses on the relationship between the functional capacity and the combustion heat value (heat and power conversion), and the gas stove mainly focuses on the heat release process speed, whether the combustion is sufficient or not and the combustion heat value. In addition, combustion in the internal combustion engine is a constant volume process, and combustion in the gas stove is a constant pressure process. Therefore, the comprehensive theory and experiment research on the mixing and burning mechanism of HCNG is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a scheme of a household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system, so that the design related technical indexes of household gas stove products are measured more reasonably, conveniently and accurately.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized by comprising a hydrogen loading module, an air inlet module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module; the hydrogen adding module is communicated with the air inlet module, the air and the mixer are sent into the combustion heat value measuring module through the air inlet module, and finally the air and the mixer are discharged through the waste gas treatment module.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the hydrogen loading module comprises a methane gas storage bottle, a hydrogen gas storage bottle, a gas distribution control system, a gas mixer, a gas flowmeter and an anti-return gas container; the methane gas storage bottle and the hydrogen gas storage bottle are respectively connected with a gas distribution control system through gas inlet pipelines, and gases coming out of the gas distribution control system are fully mixed in a gas mixer; the gas from the gas mixer passes through the gas flowmeter and then enters the anti-return gas container.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the combustion heat value measuring module comprises a composite burner, a thermometer a, a water tank, a liquid pump, a liquid flowmeter and a thermometer b; the liquid pump pumps purified water in the water tank into the pipeline system, after passing through the liquid flowmeter, the purified water enters the composite burner, heats water in the pipeline, then comes out of the composite burner and returns to the water tank, the thermometer b is arranged at the inlet pipeline end of the composite burner, the thermometer a is arranged at the outlet pipeline end, and the temperature of water flow in the pipeline is measured.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the air inlet module comprises an air filter, an air pressure balancer, a gas pump and a flame arrester; the air outside air passes through the air filter and the air pressure balancer, and the air is conveyed in the pipeline through the air pump and is fully combusted in the composite combustor through the flame arrester together with the mixed gas from the anti-return air container.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the waste gas treatment module comprises a smoke analyzer and a fume hood; and the waste gas generated after the combustion of the composite burner enters a smoke analyzer through a smoke discharge outlet to analyze smoke components, and is finally discharged through a fume hood.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the gas mixer comprises a hydrogen inlet, a methane inlet, a front porous spoiler, a solid particulate matter reaction bed, a rear porous spoiler, an air flow outlet and a shell; the hydrogen inlet and the methane inlet are formed in one end of the shell, the air flow outlet is formed in the other end of the shell, the solid particle reaction bed is made of solid iron metal particles, the solid iron metal particles are round and are uniformly distributed in the reaction bed, and the front and the rear of the solid particle reaction bed are respectively provided with a front porous spoiler and a rear porous spoiler.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the composite combustor comprises a gas ejector, an ignition device, a smoke discharge outlet, a combustion chamber, a uniform heat-conducting plate, a water flow inlet and a water flow outlet; the gas ejector introduces mixed gas, is ignited by the ignition device to be fully combusted in the combustion chamber, and is discharged through the smoke discharge outlet; the high-temperature heat generated by combustion in the combustion chamber is fully transferred through the uniform heat-conducting plate to heat purified water flowing in the pipeline through the water inlet and the water outlet.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that 4 air flow channels are uniformly arranged among the front porous spoiler plates, and the anticlockwise opening angle of each air flow channel is 35 degrees;
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that 4 airflow channels are uniformly arranged among the rear porous spoilers, and the anticlockwise opening angle of the airflow channels is 145 degrees.
The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized in that the combustion heat value measuring method of the combustion heat value measuring module comprises the following steps:
1) By arranging a thermometer b at the inlet of the pipeline and arranging a thermometer a at the outlet, two temperature values T 'in and T' out are respectively measured,
According to the energy calculation formula: q Combustion process ＝cqmΔ(T′out-T′in);
Obtaining heat required by a heating section, wherein c is the specific heat capacity of water, and q m is the water flow measured by a liquid flowmeter;
2) For a given molar composition of the ideal gas composition, the ideal gas high calorific value at combustion temperature t 1 and pressure p 1, metering temperature t 2 and pressure p 2 is calculated as follows:
Wherein: h 0[t1,V(t2,p2) is the ideal mixed gas engine high heating value (J/m 3), The molar high heat value (J/m 3) of the ideal mixed gas is that R is the molar gas constant, and T 2 is the absolute temperature (T 2＝t2 +273.15) (K);
3) The heat required by the heating section Q Combustion process is provided by the heat generated by the combustion of the mixed gas, and the energy conservation law can know that Q Combustion process ＝H0[t1,V(t2,p2 is known), the measured temperature T 2 takes the arithmetic average value of two temperature values T 'in and T' out, The pressure p 1 and the pressure p 2 are both standard atmospheric pressure value 1atm at 25 ℃, and the combustion heat value of the mixed gas at the combustion temperature t 1 can be obtained according to a high heat value calculation formulaNamely, the value measured by the combustion heat value measuring module;
4) Hua Baishu is introduced, the Huabai number is a parameter representing the characteristic of the fuel gas, the size of the Huabai number is the ratio of the high heat value of the fuel gas to the square root of the relative density of the fuel gas, and the ideal gas Hua Bai number calculation formula is as follows: For an ideal mixed gas of a given composition, ideal gas Hua Bai number W 0[t1,V(t2,p2 is directly proportional to gas mole Gao Rezhi when volumetric metering pressure p 2 is constant, inversely proportional to volumetric metering reference temperature T 2, namely:
an ideal gas specific gravity calculation formula:
Wherein: m j is the molar mass of component j; m air is dry air molar mass; j is the gas component species number (the values are 1,2,3 … … N), X j is the percentage of the gas of the component j in the total ideal gas, and the white number is calculated by the formula.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system, on the basis of the original household gas source supply combustion, the hydrogen and methane are fully mixed in a manner of loading hydrogen in a pipeline, so that a higher heat value is generated in the combustion process, and the energy utilization rate is improved;
2) The household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system organically integrates a hydrogen loading module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module, and provides a scheme and guidance for practical application experiment tests; in addition, for the accurate control of the mass flow rate of the mixed gas and the effective analysis of the combustion waste emission, the safety of the experimental device is further improved, and the pollutant emission to the environment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a gas blender model construction of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a front porous spoiler structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rear porous spoiler of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a combustion chamber model of the present invention;
In the figure: 1-methane gas bomb, 2-hydrogen gas bomb, 3-distribution control system, 4-gas mixer, 401-hydrogen inlet, 402-methane inlet, 403-front porous spoiler, 404-solid particulate matter reaction bed, 405-rear porous spoiler, 406-gas flow outlet, 407-shell, 5-gas flowmeter, 6-anti-back-draft container, 7-air filter, 8-gas pressure balancer, 9-gas pump, 10-flame arrester, 11-complex burner, 1101-gas injector, 1102-ignition device, 1103-fume emission outlet, 1104-combustion chamber, 1105-uniform heat conducting plate, 1106-water flow inlet, 1107-water flow outlet, 12-thermometer a, 13-water tank, 14-liquid pump, 15-liquid flowmeter, 16-thermometer b, 17-fume analyzer, 18-fume hood.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a high-efficiency domestic gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system comprises a hydrogen loading module, an air inlet module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module.
The hydrogen adding module comprises a methane gas storage bottle 1, a hydrogen gas storage bottle 2, a gas distribution control system 3, a gas mixer 4, a gas flowmeter 5 and an anti-return gas container 6, wherein the gas flows of the methane gas storage bottle 1 and the hydrogen gas storage bottle 2 are respectively controlled by the gas distribution control system 3, so that the gases are mixed in the gas mixer 4, the flow of the mixed gas in a pipeline is accurately measured by the gas flowmeter 5, and the anti-return gas container 6 prevents the mixed gas from flowing back to the gas mixer 4 due to the pressure change of the pipeline; in the hydrogen adding module, valves of a methane gas storage bottle 1 and a hydrogen gas storage bottle 2 are opened, the valves are respectively connected with a gas distribution control system 3 through a gas inlet pipeline, and gases coming out of the gas distribution control system 3 are fully mixed in a gas mixer 4; further, the gas from the gas mixer 4 passes through a gas flowmeter 5 and then passes through an anti-return gas container 6; the anti-return air container 6 is internally provided with purified water with a certain volume, and mixed gas enters through an air inlet pipe of the anti-return air container 6 and is discharged through an air outlet pipe of the anti-return air container 6 after being filtered in water;
Gas mixer 4 the gas mixer 4 comprises a hydrogen inlet 401, a methane inlet 402, a front porous spoiler 403, a solid particulate reaction bed 404, a rear porous spoiler 405, a gas flow outlet 406 and a housing 407; the solid particulate matter reaction bed 404 is made of common metal iron, and the solid iron metal particles are round and are uniformly distributed in the reaction bed. The front porous spoiler 403 and the rear porous spoiler 405 are arranged in front of and behind the solid particle reaction bed 404, so that on one hand, solid iron metal particles in the solid particle reaction bed 404 can be effectively fixed, and on the other hand, mixed gas can be more uniformly mixed in the solid particle reaction bed 404 through different air hole arrangement modes of the front porous spoiler and the rear porous spoiler; as shown in fig. 3, the front porous spoiler 403 has a plate length l=300 mm, a plate height h=250 mm, a plate thickness w=50 mm, and air flow channels 4 are uniformly arranged between the plates, the diameter D is 30mm, and the counterclockwise opening angle of the air flow channels is 35 °; as shown in fig. 4, the rear porous spoiler 405 has the same parameter setting conditions as the front porous spoiler 403, but is different in that the opening angle of the air flow duct is 145 ° counterclockwise, and the air flow angles of the front and rear openings are different, so that the uniformity of the mixed gas is further improved, and the combustion performance of the gas is more remarkable.
The air inlet module comprises an air filter 7, an air pressure balancer 8, an air pump 9 and a flame arrester 10; the external air passes through an air filter 7 and an air pressure balancer 8, the air is conveyed in a pipeline through an air pump 9, and the air and the mixed gas from the anti-return air container 6 are fully combusted in a composite combustor 11 through a flame arrester 10, and the air pressure balancer 8 is mainly used for balancing the pressure difference between an air inlet pipeline of the system and the external; the purpose of the flame arrester 10 is to prevent the composite burner 11 from generating a gas combustion flashback that creates an explosion hazard in the piping.
The combustion heat value measuring module comprises a composite combustor 11, a thermometer a12, a water tank 13, a liquid pump 14, a liquid flowmeter 15 and a thermometer b16; the liquid pump 14 pumps the purified water in the water tank 13 into the pipeline system, enters the composite burner 11 after passing through the liquid flowmeter 15, heats the water in the pipeline, then comes out of the composite burner 11, and returns to the water tank 13 to complete the circulation; a thermometer b16 is arranged at the inlet pipeline end of the composite burner 11, and a thermometer a12 is arranged at the outlet pipeline end and is used for measuring the temperature of water flow in the pipeline; the method comprises the steps that a thermometer b16 is arranged at the inlet of a pipeline of the composite burner 11, a thermometer a12 is arranged at the outlet of the pipeline, the two thermometers are identical in specification, are WSS universal bimetal thermometers, the dial diameter D=60 mm, the connection mode is movable internal threads, the precision grade is 1.5, the thermal response time is less than or equal to 40s, and the protection grade is IP55;
In the composite burner 11, the mixed gas HCNG combustion includes two combustion reactions, namely CH 4 combustion and H 2 combustion, and the chemical reaction formula is:
CH4+2O2＝CO2+2H2O
2H2+O2＝2H2O
HCNG combustion is essentially a heat and mass transfer process coupled by the above two combustion reactions. The research of combustion mechanism includes heat and mass transfer process of combustion reaction, and the important and difficult points lie in the determination of combustion speed (reaction rate). According to the turbulent entrainment combustion model (Turbulent entrainment combustion model), the combustion speed is primarily limited by the flow rate of the reactant gases and the linear combustion rate (Laminar burning velocity).
The composite burner 11 comprises a gas injector 1101, an ignition device 1102, a smoke discharge outlet 1103, a combustion chamber 1104, a uniform heat conducting plate 1105, a water inlet 1106 and a water outlet 1107; the mixed gas is introduced into the gas injector 1101 in the composite burner 11, is ignited by the ignition device 1102 and fully combusted in the combustion chamber 1104, and is discharged through the smoke discharge outlet 1103; the high temperature heat generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 1104 is transferred through the uniform heat-conducting plate 1105 sufficiently to heat the purified water in the pipeline entering through the water inlet 1106 and exiting through the water outlet 1107.
The exhaust gas treatment module comprises a smoke analyzer 17 and a fume hood 18; an exhaust outlet is arranged at the upper end of the composite burner 11, the combusted flue gas is discharged to a flue gas analyzer 17 through a pipeline, and finally is discharged to the outdoor environment through a fume hood 18, wherein the discharge meets relevant standards such as urban fuel gas classification and basic characteristics; the flue gas analyzer 17 is mainly used for testing the volume fraction of CO and the volume fraction of NO x, which are indexes of the flue gas emission index of the household gas appliance, wherein the volume fraction of CO in the combustion emission is a mandatory index, is an index which directly affects the physical and mental health and the personal safety of a user, and if the volume fraction of CO in dry flue gas exceeds the standard, the dry flue gas is judged to be unqualified; when the gas burns, CO toxic gas is discharged, and meanwhile, O 2 and N 2 can chemically react to generate trace gases such as NO, NO 2 and the like, namely nitrogen oxide NO x, which has much higher toxicity to human bodies than CO and can form chemical smoke to harm the environment, and in recent years, great importance is attached to countries around the world. The generation of NO x is related to factors such as combustion temperature, O 2 content in flue gas and the like, and researches show that the volume fraction of NO x gradually decreases along with the increase of the hydrogen loading percentage.
The combustion heat value measuring process of the combustion heat value measuring module of the high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is as follows:
1) By arranging a thermometer b16 at the inlet of the pipeline, and arranging a thermometer a12 at the outlet of the pipeline, two temperature values T 'in and T' out are respectively measured, and according to an energy calculation formula: q Combustion process ＝cqmΔ(T′out-T′in) to obtain the heat required by the heating section, wherein c is the specific heat capacity of water, and Q m is the water flow rate measured by the liquid flowmeter 15;
2) For a given molar composition of the ideal gas composition, the ideal gas high calorific value at combustion temperature t 1 and pressure p 1, metering temperature t 2 and pressure p 2 is calculated as follows:
Wherein: h 0[t1,V(t2,p2) is the ideal mixed gas engine high heating value (J/m 3), The molar high heat value (J/m 3) of the ideal mixed gas is that R is the molar gas constant, and T 2 is the absolute temperature (T 2＝t2 +273.15) (K);
3) The heat required by the heating section Q Combustion process is provided by the heat generated by the combustion of the mixed gas, and the energy conservation law can know that Q Combustion process ＝H0[t1,V(t2,p2 is known), the measured temperature T 2 takes the arithmetic average value of two temperature values T 'in and T' out, The pressure p 1 and the pressure p 2 are both standard atmospheric pressure value 1atm at 25 ℃, and the combustion heat value of the mixed gas at the combustion temperature t 1 can be obtained according to a high heat value calculation formulaNamely, the value measured by the combustion heat value measuring module;
4) The lead-in Hua Baishu, the Huabai number is a parameter representing the characteristic of the fuel gas, the size of the lead-in is the ratio of the high heat value of the fuel gas to the square root of the relative density of the fuel gas, and the ideal gas Hua Bai number is calculated
For an ideal mixed gas of a given composition, ideal gas Hua Bai number W 0[t1,V(t2,p2 is directly proportional to gas mole Gao Rezhi when volumetric metering pressure p 2 is constant, inversely proportional to volumetric metering reference temperature T 2, namely:
referring to the relevant literature, an ideal gas specific gravity calculation formula is available: Wherein: m j is the molar mass of component j; m air is dry air molar mass (28.9626 kg/mol), j is gas component species number (value 1,2,3 … … N), and X j is the percentage of the total ideal gas of the component j gas; the white number calculated by the above formula is also called an interchangeability index and a heat load index. If the heat value and the density of the two fuel gases are different, the same heat load can be obtained under the same fuel gas pressure and on the same burner as long as the white number of the two fuel gases is equal. If the number of white of one fuel gas is larger than that of the other fuel gas, the heat load is also larger than that of the other fuel gas. Therefore Hua Bai numbers are also known as heat load indices; if the two burners have similar Hua Bai numbers, the burners can maintain similar heat load and primary air coefficient when exchanging. If the number of white of the displacement gas is larger than the reference gas, the burner heat load will increase and the primary air ratio will decrease at the time of displacement. Therefore, hua Bai is also an interchangeability index;
The invention skillfully combines the hydrogen loading module, the combustion heat value measuring module and the waste gas treatment module together to form a novel and practical high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading (HCNG) and heat value measuring system. The flue gas emission index of the household gas appliance of the hydrogen-doped natural gas in the range of 5% -20% meets the standard requirement, the volume fraction of CO and NO x in the discharged flue gas shows a decreasing trend along with the increase of hydrogen, and the method has theoretical and practical guidance significance for developing pipeline hydrogen-doped projects in the future to reduce carbon emission and pollutant emission. Therefore, on the basis of the original household gas source supply combustion, the hydrogen and methane are fully mixed in a way of adding hydrogen in the pipeline gas transportation process, so that a higher heat value is generated in the combustion process, and the energy utilization rate is improved; in addition, the household gas real-time hydrogen loading (HCNG) and heat value measuring system organically integrates a hydrogen loading module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module, provides a scheme and guidance for practical application experiment tests, accurately controls the mass flow rate of mixed gas and effectively analyzes the discharge of combustion waste, and further improves the safety of an experiment device and reduces the discharge of pollutants to the environment.
The invention designs and builds a real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measurement experiment platform to realize the real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measurement of the HCNG under different components. Based on the measured calorific value, hua Bai number of one of the main indexes of the combustion interchangeability was calculated. And (3) establishing an HCNG combustion model, researching the HCNG combustion speed under different components and flows, and calculating the combustion potential of the other main index of the combustion interchangeability. On the basis, the application range of the specification is determined by comparing with the calculation method of natural gas hydrogen loading interchangeability related specifications such as town gas classification and basic characteristics, and a specification correction scheme is provided. Furthermore, the method has certain reference and guiding significance for measuring the technical indexes related to the design of household gas stove industrial products.
Claims (6)
1. The high-efficiency household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system is characterized by comprising a hydrogen loading module, an air inlet module, a combustion heat value measuring module and an exhaust gas treatment module; the hydrogen adding module is communicated with the air inlet module, the air and the mixer are sent into the combustion heat value measuring module through the air inlet module, and finally the air and the mixer are discharged through the waste gas treatment module;
The hydrogen adding module comprises a methane gas storage bottle (1), a hydrogen gas storage bottle (2), a gas distribution control system (3), a gas mixer (4), a gas flowmeter (5) and an anti-return gas container (6); the methane gas storage bottle (1) and the hydrogen gas storage bottle (2) are respectively connected with a gas distribution control system (3) through gas inlet pipelines, and gases coming out of the gas distribution control system (3) are fully mixed in a gas mixer (4); the gas coming out of the gas mixer (4) passes through a gas flowmeter (5) and then enters an anti-return gas container (6);
The combustion heat value measuring module comprises a composite combustor (11), a thermometer a (12), a water tank (13), a liquid pump (14), a liquid flowmeter (15) and a thermometer b (16); the liquid pump (14) pumps purified water in the water tank (13) into the pipeline system, the purified water enters the composite burner (11) after passing through the liquid flowmeter (15), water in the heating pipeline is discharged from the composite burner (11) and returns to the water tank (13), a thermometer b (16) is arranged at the inlet pipeline end of the composite burner (11), and a thermometer a (12) is arranged at the outlet pipeline end of the composite burner for measuring the temperature of water flow in the pipeline;
The gas mixer (4) comprises a hydrogen inlet (401), a methane inlet (402), a front porous spoiler (403), a solid particle reaction bed (404), a rear porous spoiler (405), a gas flow outlet (406) and a shell (407); one end of the shell (407) is provided with a hydrogen inlet (401) and a methane inlet (402), the other end of the shell is provided with an airflow outlet (406), the solid particle reaction bed (404) adopts solid iron metal particles, the solid iron metal particles are round and are uniformly distributed in the reaction bed, and a front porous spoiler (403) and a rear porous spoiler (405) are respectively arranged in front of and behind the solid particle reaction bed (404);
The combustion heat value measuring method of the combustion heat value measuring module is as follows:
1) By arranging a thermometer b at the inlet of the pipeline and arranging a thermometer a at the outlet, two temperature values T 'in and T' out are respectively measured,
According to the energy calculation formula: q Combustion process ＝cqmΔ(T′out-T′in);
Obtaining heat required by a heating section, wherein c is the specific heat capacity of water, and q m is the water flow measured by a liquid flowmeter;
2) For a given molar composition of the ideal gas composition, the ideal gas high calorific value at combustion temperature t 1 and pressure p 1, metering temperature t 2 and pressure p 2 is calculated as follows:
wherein: h 0[t1,V(t2,p2) is the ideal mixed gas with high heat value (J/m 3), The molar high heat value (J/m 3) of the ideal mixed gas is that R is the molar gas constant, and T 2 is the absolute temperature T 2＝(t2 +273.15) (K);
3) The heat required by the heating section Q Combustion process is provided by the heat generated by the combustion of the mixed gas, and the energy conservation law can know that Q Combustion process ＝H0[t1,V(t2,p2 is known), the measured temperature T 2 takes the arithmetic average value of two temperature values T 'in and T' out, The pressure p 1 and the pressure p 2 are both standard atmospheric pressure value 1atm at 25 ℃, and the combustion heat value of the mixed gas at the combustion temperature t 1 can be obtained according to a high heat value calculation formulaNamely, the value measured by the combustion heat value measuring module;
4) Hua Baishu is introduced, the Huabai number is a parameter representing the characteristic of the fuel gas, the size of the Huabai number is the ratio of the high heat value of the fuel gas to the square root of the relative density of the fuel gas, and the ideal gas Hua Bai number calculation formula is as follows:
For an ideal mixed gas of a given composition, ideal gas Hua Bai number W 0[t1,V(t2,p2 is directly proportional to gas mole Gao Rezhi when volumetric metering pressure p 2 is constant, inversely proportional to volumetric metering reference temperature T 2, namely:
an ideal gas specific gravity calculation formula:
Wherein: m j is the molar mass of component j; m air is dry air molar mass; j is the number of the gas components, j takes the values of 1,2,3 … … N, and X j is the percentage of the gas of the component j in the total ideal gas, and the white number is calculated by the formula.
2. The efficient household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet module comprises an air filter (7), an air pressure balancer (8), a gas pump (9) and a flame arrester (10); the air outside air passes through an air filter (7) and an air pressure balancing device (8), and the air is conveyed in a pipeline through an air pump (9) and is fully combusted in a composite combustor (11) through a flame arrester (10) together with the mixed gas from the anti-return air container (6).
3. An efficient domestic gas real-time hydrogen loading and heating value measuring system according to claim 2, characterized in that the exhaust gas treatment module comprises a flue gas analyzer (17) and a fume hood (18); the exhaust gas generated after the combustion of the composite burner (11) enters a smoke analyzer (17) through a smoke discharge outlet (1103) to analyze smoke components, and finally is discharged through a fume hood (18).
4. The efficient household gas real-time hydrogen loading and heat value measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the composite burner (11) comprises a gas injector (1101), an ignition device (1102), a flue gas discharge outlet (1103), a combustion chamber (1104), a uniform heat-conducting plate (1105), a water inlet (1106) and a water outlet (1107); the gas injector (1101) is used for introducing mixed gas, and the mixed gas is ignited by the ignition device (1102) and fully combusted in the combustion chamber (1104) and then discharged through the smoke discharge outlet (1103); the high-temperature heat generated by combustion in the combustion chamber (1104) is fully transferred through the uniform heat-conducting plate (1105) to heat purified water which enters the pipeline through the water inlet (1106) and flows out of the water outlet (1107).
5. The system for measuring the real-time hydrogen loading and heat value of the high-efficiency household fuel gas according to claim 1, wherein 4 air flow channels are uniformly arranged between plates of the front porous spoiler (403), and the anticlockwise opening angle of the air flow channels is 35 degrees.
6. The system for measuring the real-time hydrogen loading and heat value of the household gas with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the rear porous spoiler (405) is uniformly provided with 4 air flow channels between the boards, and the anticlockwise opening angle of the air flow channels is 145 degrees.
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