CN111587914A - Fresh-keeping method for fresh fruits and vegetables - Google Patents

Fresh-keeping method for fresh fruits and vegetables Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111587914A
CN111587914A CN202010546312.8A CN202010546312A CN111587914A CN 111587914 A CN111587914 A CN 111587914A CN 202010546312 A CN202010546312 A CN 202010546312A CN 111587914 A CN111587914 A CN 111587914A
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vegetables
fresh
low
fruits
temperature plasma
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张海红
李海峰
朱晓红
马晓艳
王通
王娟
朱韵昇
高坤
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Ningxia University
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Ningxia University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/015Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B7/148Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

The invention provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh fruits and vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping. The fresh-keeping method comprises the following steps: (1) the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by using a low-barrier packaging material; (2) and (4) processing the packaged fruits and vegetables by adopting a low-temperature plasma generator. The fresh-keeping method of the fresh fruits and vegetables provided by the invention is mainly used for keeping the fruits and vegetables fresh. After the low-barrier material for the fresh fruits and vegetables is packaged in a totally-enclosed manner, the fruits and vegetables are subjected to spontaneous air conditioning by utilizing the respiration characteristic of the fruits and vegetables, the gas environment in the package is adjusted, and low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out timely, so that the effects of bacteria reduction and fresh keeping are achieved.

Description

Fresh-keeping method for fresh fruits and vegetables
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable preservation, and particularly relates to a preservation method of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Background
The picked fresh fruits and vegetables have high water content, rich nutrition and good appearance, and the fruits and vegetables need to be preserved as soon as possible. The commonly used fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping mainly comprises chemical fresh-keeping, physical fresh-keeping, controlled atmosphere storage low-temperature fresh-keeping, low-temperature plasma cold sterilization and the like. The chemical preservation has the problems of product quality safety and higher cost. The investment on physical fresh-keeping equipment (such as ultrahigh pressure treatment, electrostatic field treatment and the like) is high. The modified atmosphere preservation technology comprises active modified atmosphere and spontaneous modified atmosphere, and the two methods delay the putrefaction and deterioration of fresh fruits and vegetables by controlling gas (low oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentration) in a storage environment, so that the storage period of food can be effectively prolonged. The low-temperature plasma cold sterilization treatment technology is a new fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping technology developed in recent years, and is mainly used for carrying out sterilization treatment on fruits and vegetables by using a low-temperature plasma device. However, the existing fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping method is usually to treat the fruits and vegetables firstly and then package the fruits and vegetables, so that secondary pollution of products is difficult to avoid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh fruits and vegetables, which utilizes a low-temperature plasma device to combine with a fruit and vegetable spontaneous gas conditioning system and a low-barrier packaging material to package and then sterilize the fresh fruits and vegetables in a cold way, thereby avoiding secondary pollution, and having simple operation and low process cost.
The invention provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh fruits and vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by using a low-barrier packaging material;
(2) and (4) processing the packaged fruits and vegetables by adopting a low-temperature plasma generator.
Further, the low-barrier packaging material comprises polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or linear low-density polyethylene.
Further, the thickness of the low-barrier packaging material does not exceed 30 μm.
Further, during the low-temperature plasma generator treatment, the inside of the package is filled with oxygen2In a volume concentration of 4-20%, CO2The volume concentration of (A) is 2-20%.
Furthermore, the treatment temperature of the low-temperature plasma generator is 2-3 ℃.
Furthermore, the power frequency voltage of the low-temperature plasma generator is 220V, the voltage of the high-voltage electrode is 30 kV-170 kV, the frequency is 50 Hz-200 Hz, and the electrode distance is 10 mm-100 mm.
Further, the fresh fruits and vegetables include daylily, spinach, cucumber, strawberry and kiwi fruit.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the fresh-keeping method for the fresh fruits and vegetables, the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by adopting the packaging material with low barrier property, and then are sterilized by adopting low-temperature plasma, so that secondary pollution caused by packaging after sterilization is effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the low-barrier packaging material is adopted, so that the totally-closed requirement of plasma treatment can be met, the spontaneous modified atmosphere of fruits and vegetables can be met, the breathing requirement of products can be met by adjusting the gas environment in the packaging, and harmful gases such as ethylene and ethanol can be decomposed to delay the senescence of the fruits and vegetables. The method has simple operation and low process cost.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
An embodiment of the invention provides a fresh-keeping method of fresh fruits and vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by using a low-barrier packaging material;
(2) and (4) processing the packaged fruits and vegetables by adopting a low-temperature plasma generator.
According to the fresh-keeping method for the fresh fruits and vegetables provided by the embodiment of the invention, the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by adopting the packaging material with low barrier property, and then are sterilized by adopting low-temperature plasma, so that secondary pollution caused by packaging after sterilization is effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the packaging material with low barrier property is adopted, so that the totally-closed requirement of plasma treatment can be met, the gas environment in the package can be adjusted through spontaneous modified atmosphere, the breathing requirement of the product is met, and harmful gases such as ethylene and ethanol are decomposed to delay the senescence of fruits and vegetables. In addition, the low-barrier packaging material can absorb the respiration heat of the fruits and the vegetables and the heat loss of the electrodes while meeting the requirement of the spontaneous modified atmosphere of the fruits and the vegetables, thereby achieving the effect of killing two birds with one stone.
In one embodiment of the invention, the low barrier packaging material comprises a low barrier heat shrinkable film or stretch wrap packaging material. In particular, the low-barrier packaging material comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) or Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE). The packaging material of the heat shrinkable film and the stretch wrapping film such as PVC, EVA, LLDPE and the like has the characteristic of low barrier property, the fruits and vegetables are subjected to spontaneous modified atmosphere after being packaged in a totally closed way under normal pressure, the respiratory metabolism requirement of the picked fresh fruits and vegetables is met, and simultaneously the plasma treatment can be also taken into consideration for O2、CO2The gas composition requirements. The gas environment in the package is spontaneously adjusted, the gas environment in the package is not manually controlled any more, the active gas adjusting inflation link is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the operation is simplified.
Further, the thickness of the low-barrier packaging material does not exceed 30 μm. The too thick low-barrier packaging material is not beneficial to the spontaneous modified atmosphere of fruits and vegetables.
In an embodiment of the invention, the conditions for processing the packaged fruits and vegetables by the low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: o is2In a volume concentration of 4-20%, CO2The volume concentration of (A) is 2-20%. The embodiment of the invention packs fruits and vegetables, utilizes the breathing characteristic of the fruits and the vegetables, and adjusts the atmosphere to O in the package2Concentration of 4-20%, CO2The concentration is increased to 2-20% (by adopting portable O)2/CO2Analyzer), and then plasma processing is performed. Due to the existence of a proper amount of oxygen, the respiration oxygen consumption requirements of fruits and vegetables are met, and the effect of bacteria reduction is achieved by a mode of packaging firstly and then carrying out plasma treatment.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the processing temperature of the low temperature plasma generator is 2 to 3 ℃. The low-temperature plasma treatment is beneficial to bacteriostasis.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the low-temperature plasma generator is used for processing, the power frequency voltage is 220V, the voltage of the high-voltage electrode is 30 kV-170 kV, the frequency is 50 Hz-200 Hz, and the electrode spacing is 10 mm-100 mm. The low-temperature plasma is easy to decompose ethylene, and the invention uses the low-temperature plasma for cold sterilization, thereby inhibiting after-ripening, reducing the total number of floras of the fruits and the vegetables, inhibiting the fresh fruits and the vegetables from rotting, maintaining and controlling the quality of the fresh fruits and the vegetables, and prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the fruits and the vegetables.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fruits and vegetables comprise day lily, spinach, cucumber, strawberry, kiwi fruit and the like.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1A low-temperature bacteria-reducing fresh-keeping method for fresh broccoli comprises the following steps:
(1) the picked fresh broccoli is contained in a PP tray and is packaged in a totally-enclosed way by a low-resistance heat-insulating shrink film packaging material PVC;
(2) processing the packaged fruits and vegetables for 15s by adopting a low-temperature plasma generator;
wherein, the low-temperature plasma generator is used for processing under the conditions that the oxygen concentration is 4-20% and the carbon dioxide concentration is 2-20%;
low-temperature plasma generator: the power frequency voltage is 220V, the high-voltage electrode voltage is 50kV, the frequency is 50Hz, and the electrode distance is 50 mm.
Example 2The difference from example 1 is that the low barrier heat shrinkable film wrapper is EVA.
Example 3The difference from example 1 is that the low barrier heat shrink film wrapper is LLDPE.
Comparative example 1The common method in the prior art comprises the following steps: adopting high-barrier packaging material, air-filling packaging, filling mixed gas (volume fraction: 3% O)2+6%CO2+91%N2) Active air conditioning is carried out.
Comparative example 2The difference from example 1 is that a high barrier packaging material is used for full-enclosed packaging, rather than a low barrier material.
Comparative example 3The difference from example 1 is that plasma treatment is performed to sterilize and then packaging is performed.
Test example 1
The day lily treated in the examples and the comparative examples are tested for sensory quality, total number of surface microbial colonies, good flower rate and Vc content.
1. Sensory evaluation
The sensory evaluation standards of the daylily refer to sensory requirements of daylily with different grades of Shanxi local standard DB61/T559-2013, meanwhile, 15 specially-trained sensory evaluation personnel are invited to score the sensory conditions of the daylily with different maturity in the storage period, the specific evaluation standards are shown in table 1, and the results are averaged and shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002540907300000041
2. Good flower rate
The daylily picked in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 is determined to be good flower with normal color of flower buds, non-opening and no rot, and the percentage of the number of good flower in the total number of flower is recorded as good flower rate. The good flower rates were recorded at different times and the results are shown in table 2.
3. Total colony count determination
Referring to the method of GB47892-2016, 12 daylily (about 25g) treated in the same examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are taken from each group and placed in a sterile homogenizing cup containing 225mL of sterile physiological saline, and the average value of 8000-: 10 in the sample solution. Aspirate 1: 10 to 1mL, 1: 100 sample liquid, preparing 10 times serial sample dilution sample liquid by analogy, selecting 3 sample liquids with proper dilution, respectively sucking 0.1mL of sample liquid, placing the sample liquid on a flat plate to count agar culture medium, uniformly coating the agar culture medium, culturing the agar culture medium at 37 ℃ for 24-48h, and recording the total number of bacterial colonies at different times. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002540907300000042
Figure BDA0002540907300000051
4. Vc content determination
Taking 10g of day lily, crushing, homogenizing, measuring Vc content with a Vc measuring instrument, repeatedly measuring for three times, and taking an average value. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002540907300000052
Example 1 compared to comparative example 1, comparative example 1 is prior art and is packaged with high barrier packaging material in combination with active atmosphere. But the effect is not good enough compared with the application, the process is complex and the cost is high.
Example 1 compared with comparative example 2, in comparative example 2, the high barrier packaging material is adopted, which is extremely unfavorable for storage of fruits and vegetables, and the fruits and vegetables can not realize air conditioning, so that CO of the fruits and vegetables is caused2The poisoning phenomenon causes the day lily to be locally brown, the sensory quality is reduced, and the good flower rate is obviously reduced. In addition, the relative humidity of the daylily in the packaging environment is increased due to the transpiration effect, so that the propagation of spoilage microorganisms is facilitated, and the bacterial colony number is increased. At the same time, the Vc content is also significantly affected, below that of example 1.
Compared with the comparative example 3, the comparative example 3 has the disadvantages that the plasma treatment sterilization is firstly carried out, and then the packaging is carried out, so that the secondary pollution is avoided. Storage period comparative example 3 the surface microbial colonies of the day lily were significantly higher than example 1(P <0.05) and the longer the storage time, the more significant the difference. The total number of fresh broccoli colonies at 12d was 1.9log higher (CFU/g). And the good flower rate, the sensory quality and the Vc content are all influenced and are lower than those of the example 1.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A fresh-keeping method for fresh fruits and vegetables comprises the following steps:
(1) the picked fresh fruits and vegetables are subjected to normal-pressure full-closed packaging by using a low-barrier packaging material;
(2) and (4) processing the packaged fruits and vegetables by adopting a low-temperature plasma generator.
2. The method of claim 1,
the low-barrier packaging material comprises polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or linear low-density polyethylene.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
the thickness of the low-barrier packaging material is not more than 30 μm.
4. The method of claim 1,
in the package, O is generated during the treatment of the low-temperature plasma generator2In a volume concentration of 4-20%, CO2The volume concentration of (A) is 2-20%.
5. The method of claim 1,
the treatment temperature of the low-temperature plasma generator is 2-3 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1,
when the low-temperature plasma generator is used for processing, the power frequency voltage is 220V, the voltage of the high-voltage electrode is 30 kV-170 kV, the frequency is 50 Hz-200 Hz, and the electrode distance is 10 mm-100 mm.
7. The method of claim 1,
the fresh fruits and vegetables include flos Hemerocallis, herba Boraginae, fructus Cucumidis Sativi, strawberry, and fructus Actinidiae chinensis.
CN202010546312.8A 2020-06-16 2020-06-16 Fresh-keeping method for fresh fruits and vegetables Pending CN111587914A (en)

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CN112586555A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-02 南京农业大学 Cold sterilization and preservation technical method for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables by cooperation of low-temperature plasma activated water and DBD
CN112753757A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 华南理工大学 Low-temperature sterilization and air-conditioning integrated fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping method
CN112841299A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-28 华南理工大学 Spontaneous gas dormancy preservation method for instant sweet corn
CN113826687A (en) * 2021-09-14 2021-12-24 苏州市农业科学院 Novel brown stain prevention controlled atmosphere preservation method for loquat
CN113925083A (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-01-14 南京林业大学 Storing and fresh-keeping method for peeled phyllostachys praecox shoots
CN115039806A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-09-13 华南理工大学 Method for protecting fruit epidermis waxiness
CN115136979A (en) * 2022-07-14 2022-10-04 四川省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 Low-temperature plasma cold sterilization synergistic modified atmosphere storage and preservation method for kiwi fruits

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112586555A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-02 南京农业大学 Cold sterilization and preservation technical method for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables by cooperation of low-temperature plasma activated water and DBD
CN112753757A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 华南理工大学 Low-temperature sterilization and air-conditioning integrated fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping method
CN112841299A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-28 华南理工大学 Spontaneous gas dormancy preservation method for instant sweet corn
CN113826687A (en) * 2021-09-14 2021-12-24 苏州市农业科学院 Novel brown stain prevention controlled atmosphere preservation method for loquat
CN113925083A (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-01-14 南京林业大学 Storing and fresh-keeping method for peeled phyllostachys praecox shoots
CN115039806A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-09-13 华南理工大学 Method for protecting fruit epidermis waxiness
CN115039806B (en) * 2022-05-31 2023-06-20 华南理工大学 Protection method for fruit epidermis wax
CN115136979A (en) * 2022-07-14 2022-10-04 四川省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 Low-temperature plasma cold sterilization synergistic modified atmosphere storage and preservation method for kiwi fruits

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