CN111586738B

CN111586738B - Method and system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of 5G base station

Info

Publication number: CN111586738B
Application number: CN202010203504.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘晓勇; 宫剑; 张明远; 许巧春; 付靖; 索仕杰
Original assignee: STATE RADIO MONITORING CENTER TESTING CENTER
Current assignee: STATE RADIO MONITORING CENTER TESTING CENTER
Priority date: 2020-03-20
Filing date: 2020-03-20
Publication date: 2022-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-20
Also published as: CN111586738A

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station. The method mainly comprises the following steps: determining the position of a 5G base station to be tested, and selecting a test point; directionally receiving signals transmitted by a 5G base station to be detected through a signal receiving device; analyzing the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested to determine an operator of the 5G base station to be tested; demodulating and performing spectrum analysis on the received signals to obtain the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected; and selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power, and calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss from the 5G base station to be tested to the test point. The invention can conveniently and accurately estimate the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station, and greatly facilitates the development and spot check of the radiation test of the 5G base station.

Description

Method and system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of 5G base station

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication testing, in particular to a method and a system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station.

Background

The 5G network is already widely deployed in multiple countries, especially in large and medium cities of China. The 5G base station is a core device of the 5G network. In the monitoring instruments and monitoring methods specified in the release draft of "mobile communication base station electromagnetic radiation environment monitoring method" published by the ministry of ecological environment of China under the action of HJ 972-2018, no relevant test method for 5G base stations exists. Since the 5G signal is very different from the traditional 2G, 3G, 4G base station signals, the traditional test method cannot be applied to the detection of the 5G base station signal. Moreover, with the increase of the number of 5G base stations, an area commonly covered by a plurality of base stations may appear, and signal beams of a plurality of 5G base stations may be received in the commonly covered area, at this time, the transmission situations of different 5G base stations cannot be distinguished by using the traditional test instrument and test method.

Therefore, a testing technique for electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made in order to provide a method and a system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station, which accurately obtains broadcast beam information of the base station (particularly, reference signal received power of each beam of a synchronization signal block of the 5G base station) by demodulating and analyzing a synchronization signal of the 5G base station, and thus objectively and conveniently estimates a maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power configurable by the 5G base station.

A further object of the invention is to enable the discrimination of the electromagnetic radiation of different 5G base stations in an area commonly covered by a plurality of base stations.

Particularly, according to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station, including:

determining the position of a 5G base station to be tested, and selecting a test point in the radiation range of the 5G base station to be tested;

directionally receiving the signals transmitted by the 5G base station to be tested at the test point through a signal receiving device;

analyzing the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested based on the received signals, and determining the operator of the 5G base station to be tested according to the channel power distribution;

setting signal demodulation analysis parameters according to an operator of the 5G base station to be detected, and carrying out demodulation and spectrum analysis on the received signals according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain signal parameters of each wave beam of a synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected, wherein the signal parameters comprise reference signal receiving power;

and selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point.

Optionally, the calculating, according to the selected optimal reference signal received power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested over the channel bandwidth thereof, the gain of the signal receiving device, and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point, to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested includes:

calculating the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the following formula (1):

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

wherein, m-EIRP represents the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested, and the unit is dBm; SS-RSRP_optRepresenting the selected optimal reference signal received power in dBm; n is a radical of_RBRepresenting the maximum total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth; n is a radical of_RERepresenting the number of resource units contained in each resource block in the frequency domain; g represents the gain of the signal receiving apparatus in dB; PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point, and the unit is dB.

Optionally, the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point is obtained by the following method:

determining the center frequency of the 5G base station to be detected according to the operator of the 5G base station to be detected;

measuring the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested;

calculating the path loss from the 5G base station to be tested to the test point according to the central frequency of the 5G base station to be tested and the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested and the following formula (2):

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

wherein, PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point, and the unit is dB; f represents the center frequency of the 5G base station to be detected, and the unit is GHz; d represents the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested, and the unit is m.

Optionally, the demodulating and spectrum analyzing the received signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameter to obtain a signal parameter of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be detected includes:

demodulating the received signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain a cell ID of the signal, wherein the cell ID is in one-to-one correspondence with the 5G base station to be detected;

if the number of the cell IDs is one, performing spectrum analysis on the demodulated signals according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain signal parameters of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected;

if the number of the cell IDs is multiple, respectively performing spectrum analysis on the demodulated signal corresponding to each cell ID to obtain a signal parameter of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the to-be-detected 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID; and is

And when the number of the cell IDs is multiple, respectively executing the steps of selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected aiming at the 5G base station to be detected corresponding to each cell ID, and calculating the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be detected according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be detected on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be detected and the test point.

Optionally, the selecting an optimal reference signal received power from the reference signal received powers of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested includes:

selecting the maximum reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested as the optimal reference signal receiving power;

or,

the signal parameters further comprise signal to interference plus noise ratios;

the selecting the optimal reference signal received power from the reference signal received power of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested includes:

determining the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio in the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of each wave beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be detected;

and selecting the reference signal receiving power of the beam corresponding to the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio as the optimal reference signal receiving power.

Optionally, the signal demodulation analysis parameters include:

center frequency, channel bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, and frequency offset of the synchronization signal block.

Optionally, the measurement method further comprises:

determining a limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be detected according to the central frequency of the 5G base station to be detected;

and calculating the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be tested according to the determined limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be tested and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested.

According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station, including:

the signal receiving device is arranged at a test point and is suitable for directionally receiving a signal transmitted by a to-be-tested 5G base station, wherein the test point is selected in the radiation range of the to-be-tested 5G base station according to the position of the to-be-tested 5G base station which is determined in advance;

the signal analysis device is connected with the signal receiving device and is suitable for analyzing the signals received by the signal receiving device to obtain the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested and determining the operator of the 5G base station to be tested according to the channel power distribution;

the signal analysis device is also suitable for setting signal demodulation and analysis parameters according to an operator of the 5G base station to be detected, and carrying out demodulation and spectrum analysis on the received signals according to the signal demodulation and analysis parameters to obtain signal parameters of each wave beam of a synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected, wherein the signal parameters comprise reference signal receiving power; and

and the data processing device is connected with the signal analysis device and is suitable for selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point.

Optionally, the data processing apparatus is further adapted to:

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

wherein, m-EIRP represents the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested, and the unit is dBm; SS-RSRP_optRepresenting the selected optimal reference signal received power in dBm; n is a radical of_RBRepresenting the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth; n is a radical of_RERepresenting the number of resource units contained in each resource block; g represents the letterGain of the signal receiving device, in dB; PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point, and the unit is dB.

Optionally, the measurement system further comprises:

the distance measuring device is connected with the data processing device and is suitable for measuring the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested;

the data processing apparatus is further adapted to:

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

Optionally, the data processing apparatus is further adapted to:

Optionally, the signal receiving device is a directional horn antenna; and/or

The signal analysis device is a spectrum analyzer, and the spectrum analyzer comprises a 5G demodulator.

According to the method and the system for measuring the electromagnetic radiation of the 5G base station, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the signal transmitted by the 5G base station to be measured with the determined position is directionally received through the signal receiving device at the test point. The channel power distribution of the 5G base station under test is first analyzed based on the received signals to determine the operator of the 5G base station under test. Then, setting a signal demodulation analysis parameter according to an operator of the 5G base station to be tested to demodulate and perform spectrum analysis on the received signal, so as to obtain a signal parameter of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, wherein the signal parameter comprises reference signal receiving power. And finally, selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point. The broadcasting beam information of the base station (especially the reference signal receiving power of each beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station) is accurately obtained by demodulating and analyzing the synchronous signal of the 5G base station, and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station is further objectively and conveniently estimated, so that the defects of the existing method are overcome. The scheme of the invention only needs to know the exact position information of the 5G base station, thereby greatly facilitating the development and spot check of the radiation test of the 5G base station.

Further, in the method and system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the cell ID of the signal may be accurately obtained by demodulating the synchronization signal of the 5G base station to be measured, and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID is obtained by analyzing and subsequently estimating the synchronization signal of the 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID based on the cell ID, so that the electromagnetic radiation of different 5G base stations is distinguished in an area covered by multiple base stations.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.

The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a channel power distribution of a 5G base station under test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a channel power distribution of a 5G base station under test according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a method of measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system for electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to an embodiment of the invention; and

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system for electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Conventional 2G, 3G, 4G signals are of large angular coverage for any user and are emitted almost omnidirectionally, so that if the effect of interference is eliminated, the electromagnetic radiation intensity measured at a certain location can basically represent the intensity at other positions at the same distance from the base station, i.e. the electromagnetic radiation intensity has the characteristic of isotropy on the same radius circle. The 5G base station signals are much different from the traditional 2G, 3G and 4G base station signals in transmission, and a narrow beam space scanning mode is adopted, and beams in different directions in space can be aimed at different users. In an actual field test, an operator can flexibly configure time-frequency resources and spatial beam directions according to actual user requirements, so that only the instantaneous power or field intensity of a certain place can be recorded by using the conventional monitoring method and instrument, and a time-varying spatial maximum energy beam is difficult to capture. Therefore, using conventional measurement methods, it is almost impossible to measure the maximum electromagnetic radiation of an accurate 5G base station even if it takes a considerable amount of time and records a large amount of spatial position data.

As the number of users increases, the number and deployment density of 5G base stations also increase, and a situation occurs in which a plurality of base stations collectively cover a certain area, that is, signal beams of a plurality of base stations may be received at the same location. Moreover, since the bandwidth of the 5G signal generally reaches 100MHz or more, and the frequency bands used by all users of each operator mostly overlap, in the area covered by multiple base stations, the transmission conditions of different base stations cannot be distinguished by using the conventional test instrument and test method.

In addition, in the conventional base station test, before the test work is performed, the operator needs to know a lot of basic information, including: the method comprises the following steps of base station name, operation unit, construction place, longitude and latitude coordinates, network type, transmitting frequency range, antenna ground clearance, antenna bracket type, antenna quantity, operating state, transmitter model, nominal power, actual transmitting power, antenna gain, antenna directivity type, antenna direction angle and other parameters. This has increased tester's work load and work complexity on the one hand, and on the other hand can let the operator learn in advance and monitor place and time, is unfavorable for the supervision and the spot check work of radiation test.

In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station. Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 1, the method may include at least the following steps S102 to S110.

And S102, determining the position of the 5G base station to be tested, and selecting a test point in the radiation range of the 5G base station to be tested.

And step S104, directionally receiving the signals transmitted by the 5G base station to be tested at the test point through the signal receiving device.

Step S106, analyzing the Channel Power (Channel Power) distribution of the 5G base station to be tested based on the received signals, and determining the operator of the 5G base station to be tested according to the Channel Power distribution.

Step S108, setting Signal demodulation analysis parameters according to an operator of the 5G base station to be detected, demodulating and performing spectrum analysis on the received signals according to the Signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain Signal parameters of each wave beam of a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) of the 5G base station to be detected, wherein the Signal parameters comprise reference Signal receiving power.

Step S110, selecting the best reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected best reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point.

In step S102, the position information of the 5G base station to be measured may be obtained from the operator, and the position of the 5G base station to be measured is determined according to the position information. Of course, the position information of the to-be-measured 5G base station may also be obtained through other approaches, which is not limited in the present invention.

When the test point is selected, the test point is positioned in the radiation range of the 5G base station to be tested, no building shielding exists between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested as far as possible, and meanwhile, the test point avoids interference sources (such as high-voltage cables, motors, metal frames, advertising boards and the like) which possibly affect the test signal as far as possible. Preferably, the test point is arranged at the nearest distance which can be reached by the user from the transmitting antenna of the 5G base station to be tested. For example, for a 5G base station to be tested with a transmitting antenna erected on the top of a high-rise building, a test point can be selected within the user movable range on the top of the high-rise building (such as the top of the building).

In the step S104, the signal receiving device disposed at the test point performs beam scanning towards the direction of the 5G base station to be tested, so as to directionally receive the signal transmitted by the 5G base station to be tested. In particular, the signal receiving means may employ a directional horn antenna of known gain.

In step S106, a channel power distribution test is performed based on the received signal, so as to determine an operator of the 5G base station to be tested.

The frequency range of their outfield 5G base station signals is usually fixed for different operators. For example, one of the center frequencies of the chinese mobile 5G base station signal may be 2.565GHz, the center frequency of the chinese telecom 5G base station signal is 3.450GHz, and the center frequency of the chinese Unicom 5G base station signal is 3.550 GHz. Therefore, the operator of the 5G base station to be tested can be determined according to the tested frequency point position of the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested. When performing a channel power distribution test, it is usually necessary to set the center frequency of the channel first. In addition, parameters such as corresponding bandwidth, subcarrier spacing and the like can also be set. For current 5G base station signals, the bandwidth may be set to 100MHz and the subcarrier spacing may be set to 30 kHz.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a channel power distribution of a 5G base station under test according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the center frequency is set to 3.450 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 2, the stronger channel power of the 5G base station to be measured is distributed in the frequency band of about 3.40GHz to about 3.50GHz, and the highest channel power appears at the frequency point of about 3.45GHz, so that it can be determined that the operator of the 5G base station to be measured is chinese telecommunications.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a channel power distribution of a 5G base station under test according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the center frequency is set to 3.550 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 3, if a stronger channel power is not detected at and near the frequency point of 3.550GHz (specifically, in the frequency band of about 3.50GHz to about 3.60 GHz), it is determined that the operator of the 5G base station to be detected is not china unicom, or that no 5G base station of china unicom is deployed in the directional scanning area of the signal receiving apparatus.

By directionally receiving signals and carrying out channel power distribution tests, 5G base stations of different operators can be distinguished.

In step S108, after determining the operator of the 5G base station to be detected, a signal demodulation analysis parameter may be set according to the operator of the 5G base station to be detected, and then the received signal is demodulated and spectrum analyzed according to the set signal demodulation analysis parameter.

The signal demodulation analysis parameters may include center frequency, channel bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, and frequency offset of the synchronization signal block, among others. For example, in one embodiment, after determining that the operator of the 5G base station to be tested is chinese telecommunications, the center frequency may be set to 3.450GHz, the channel bandwidth is set to 100MHz, the subcarrier spacing is set to 30kHz, and the frequency offset of the synchronization signal block is set to an empirical value or an automatic detection value. Techniques for automatic detection of the frequency offset of the synchronization signal block are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.

After the corresponding signal demodulation analysis parameters are set, the received signals can be accurately demodulated and subjected to spectrum analysis, and the signal parameters of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected are obtained. The Signal parameter of each beam of the Synchronization Signal block includes a Reference Signal Received Power of each beam, referred to as SS-RSRP (Synchronization Signal-Reference Received Power of secondary Synchronization Signal) for short.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned operations of channel power distribution testing and signal demodulation and spectrum analysis may be implemented by using a spectrum analyzer, and the signal receiving device may be connected to the spectrum analyzer through a radio frequency cable to facilitate signal transmission. To facilitate signal demodulation, the spectrum analyzer may also be provided with a 5G demodulator. The spectrum analyzer can be an MS2090A portable spectrum analyzer or an N9918B spectrum analyzer.

In step S110, the best reference signal receiving Power is selected from the reference signal receiving powers of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be measured, which are obtained through analysis in step S108, so as to estimate the configurable maximum Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of the 5G base station to be measured.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the optimal reference signal received power may refer to the reference signal received power of the beam with the best received quality or the highest signal strength. Generally, a higher received power indicates a higher signal strength. Therefore, in one embodiment, the maximum reference signal received power may be selected as the optimal reference signal received power from the reference signal received power of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station under test.

In addition, in consideration of the influence of Interference and Noise on the test Signal, which may exist in the actual test, in another embodiment, the Signal parameter of each beam of the Synchronization Signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, which is obtained by performing spectrum analysis on the received Signal in step S108, may further include a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SS-SINR) of each beam, which is referred to as SS-SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio, Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio of the secondary Synchronization Signal). Further, in step S110, the maximum sir may be determined from the sirs of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be measured, and the reference signal received power of the beam corresponding to the maximum sir may be selected as the optimal reference signal received power. The larger the SINR is, the better the signal receiving quality is, and the estimation accuracy of the maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be detected can be improved by selecting the reference signal receiving power of the wave beam corresponding to the maximum SINR as the optimal reference signal receiving power.

As can be known from the working principle of the 5G Synchronization Signal Burst Set (Synchronization Signal Burst Set), the 5G SSB Signal can be sent in a time division manner at different times through different beams within a cell range, so that as long as the Signal receiving apparatus enters a certain beam scanning area, an optimal SS-RSRP value (specifically, an SS-RSRP value corresponding to a maximum SS-SINR value) of the test point can be accurately measured. Since the SS-RSRP value is the average received power of each Resource Element (RE) of the 5G synchronization signal Block, and the transmission power level of the 5G signal is the highest over the entire 100MHz channel bandwidth, after the optimal SS-RSRP value is selected, the maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power (which may also be referred to as the maximum beam radiation power) configurable by the 5G base station to be measured can be further calculated according to the optimal SS-RSRP value, the total Resource Block (RB) number of the 5G base station to be measured over the channel bandwidth thereof (each Resource Block includes a specified number of Resource elements), the gain of the signal receiving apparatus, and the path loss between the 5G base station to be measured and the test point. Under other base station configuration conditions, the electromagnetic radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested is smaller than the maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power. The method solves the problem that the maximum beam radiation power of the 5G signal can not be directly measured because the time and the space direction of the maximum beam radiation power can not be controlled due to the fact that the maximum beam radiation power is changed and adjusted at any time according to the use condition of an actual user.

In one embodiment, the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be measured can be calculated according to the following formula (1):

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

in the formula (1), m-EIRP represents the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be measured, and the unit is dBm. SS-RSRP_optRepresents the selected best reference signal received power in dBm. N is a radical of_RBRepresenting the maximum total number of resource blocks of the 5G base station under test over its channel bandwidth. The number of resource blocks of the 5G signal is related to the channel bandwidth and the subcarrier spacing, and under the condition that the channel bandwidth is 100MHz and the subcarrier spacing is 30kHz, the total number of the resource blocks reaches 273, namely N_RB＝273。N_REIndicating the number of resource units contained in each resource block in the frequency domain. In a 5G signal, one subcarrier constitutes one resource unit and 12 subcarriers constitute one resource block in the frequency domain, so N_REEqual to 12. G denotes the gain of the signal receiving apparatus in dB. PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be measured and the test point, and the unit is dB. The path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point can be obtained according to an empirical value or through detection.

Further, in the actual test, the test point and the 5G base station to be tested are almost free from shielding, so the calculation formula (2) of the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point can be derived according to the free space path loss:

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

in the formula (2), PL represents the path loss from the 5G base station to be measured to the test point, and the unit is dB. f represents the center frequency of the 5G base station to be measured, and the unit is GHz. d represents the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested, and the unit is m.

Therefore, the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point is obtained through the following method: firstly, the center frequency of the 5G base station to be measured is determined according to the operator of the 5G base station to be measured. Then, the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be measured is measured, for example, the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be measured can be obtained through laser ranging measurement, and certainly, the distance measurement can also be performed through other manners, which is not limited in the present invention. And finally, calculating the path loss from the 5G base station to be tested to the test point according to the formula (2) according to the central frequency of the 5G base station to be tested and the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested.

In one embodiment, after the maximum configurable equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be measured is estimated, the minimum safety distance of the 5G base station to be measured can be estimated according to the public exposure control limit value, so that a safer suggestion can be given to public users. Specifically, after step S110 is executed, the center frequency of the 5G base station to be tested may be determined according to the operator of the 5G base station to be tested. Of course, if the center frequency of the 5G base station to be measured has already been determined in the previous step, this step of determining the center frequency of the 5G base station to be measured according to the operator of the 5G base station to be measured can be omitted. And then, determining the limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be measured according to the central frequency of the 5G base station to be measured. For example, the equivalent plane wave power density limit can be found according to the electromagnetic environment control limit specified in the national standard GB 8702-2014. And finally, calculating the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be tested according to the determined limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be tested and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested. The specific calculation formula is shown in the following formula (3):

in the formula (3), m-EIRP represents the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested, and the unit is W. S represents the limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be measured in unitIs W/m². And R represents the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be measured and has the unit of m. When the value of m-EIRP calculated by the formula (1) is calculated by substituting the value in the formula (3), the value of m-EIRP in dBm is converted into the value of m-EIRP in W.

As mentioned above, as the number and deployment density of 5G base stations increase, a situation may occur where a plurality of base stations jointly cover a certain area, so that signal beams of a plurality of base stations may be received at the same place, for example, signal beams of a plurality of base stations of the same operator may be received at the same time at a test point. In order to achieve the discrimination of the electromagnetic radiation of different 5G base stations in this case, step S108 may also be implemented in the following manner in one embodiment of the present invention.

After signal demodulation analysis parameters are set according to an operator of the 5G base station to be detected, the received signals are demodulated according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters, and cell IDs (or called physical cell IDs) of the signals are obtained. Those skilled in the art will recognize that for 5G base stations deployed by the same operator, the cell ID and the 5G base station to be tested are in one-to-one correspondence, that is, the cell ID can uniquely identify the 5G base station to be tested. Thus, if the number of the cell IDs obtained by signal demodulation is one, it indicates that the currently demodulated signal is from a 5G base station to be measured, and the subsequent steps described above may be performed, that is, the demodulated signal is subjected to spectrum analysis according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain the signal parameters of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be measured, and the selection of the optimal reference signal received power and the estimation step of the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be measured, and even the estimation step of the minimum safety distance of the 5G base station to be measured.

If the number of the cell IDs obtained by signal demodulation is multiple, it indicates that the currently demodulated signals are from multiple 5G base stations to be tested of the same operator, and in this case, the demodulated signals corresponding to each cell ID are subjected to spectrum analysis, so as to obtain a signal parameter of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested corresponding to each cell ID. If there are a plurality of cell IDs, the above step S110 is performed for each of the 5G base stations to be measured corresponding to each cell ID. Further, the step of estimating the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be measured may be performed for the 5G base station to be measured corresponding to each cell ID.

The cell ID of the signal is accurately obtained by demodulating the synchronous signal of the 5G base station to be detected, and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID is obtained by analyzing and subsequently estimating the synchronous signal of the 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID based on the cell ID, so that the electromagnetic radiation of different 5G base stations is distinguished in the area covered by a plurality of base stations.

In the above, various implementation manners of each link of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 are introduced, and the implementation process of the method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to the present invention is described in detail below by using a specific embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the method may include the following steps S402 to S422.

Step S402, determining the position of the 5G base station to be tested, and selecting a test point in the radiation range of the 5G base station to be tested.

And S404, directionally receiving the signal transmitted by the 5G base station to be tested through the signal receiving device at the test point.

In this embodiment, the signal receiving device is a directional horn antenna, and the gain of the signal receiving device is known as 12dB at 3450 MHz.

Step S406, analyzing the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested based on the received signal, and determining the operator of the 5G base station to be tested according to the channel power distribution.

In this embodiment, an MS2090A portable spectrometer is used to perform channel power distribution analysis, and the MS2090A portable spectrometer is connected to a directional horn antenna through a radio frequency cable. Specifically, the directional horn antenna sends the received signal to the MS2090A portable spectrometer, and the MS2090A portable spectrometer enters a 5G analysis mode, sets the corresponding center frequency, channel bandwidth, and subcarrier spacing, and measures the received signal. For example, for the measurement of the 5G base station signal of china mobile, china telecom or china unicom, the center frequency is set to 2.565GHz, 3.450GHz or 3.550GHz, respectively. The channel bandwidth may be set to 100MHz and the subcarrier spacing may be set to 30 kHz.

In this embodiment, it is determined through a channel power distribution test that the operator of the 5G base station to be tested is china telecommunications.

And step S408, setting signal demodulation analysis parameters according to the operator of the 5G base station to be tested.

The signal demodulation analysis parameters include center frequency, channel bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, and frequency offset of the synchronization signal block. According to the determined operator (China telecom) of the 5G base station to be detected, the center frequency of the 5G base station to be detected can be determined to be 3.450GHz, and then the following signal demodulation and analysis parameters are set: center frequency 3.450GHz, channel bandwidth 100MHz, subcarrier spacing 30kHz, frequency offset of the synchronization signal block-720 kHz.

Step S410, demodulating the received signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameter to obtain the cell ID of the signal.

In this embodiment, the cell IDs obtained by demodulation are 294, and the number of the cells is only 1, which indicates that the currently demodulated signal is from a to-be-tested 5G base station in chinese telecommunications.

Step S412, performing spectrum analysis on the demodulated signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain reference signal received power (SS-RSRP for short) and signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SS-SINR for short) of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be detected.

The data obtained by signal demodulation and spectrum analysis in this example are shown in the following table:

step S414, determining the largest signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio from the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be measured, and selecting the reference signal received power of the beam corresponding to the largest signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio as the optimal reference signal received power.

In this embodiment, the maximum sir is determined to be 15.14dB from the above table data, and then the SS-RSRP value of-37.07 dBm corresponding to the sir of 15.14dB is selected as the optimal reference signal received power.

Step S416, measuring the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating the path loss from the 5G base station to be tested to the test point according to the central frequency of the 5G base station to be tested and the distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested.

In this embodiment, a distance between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested is measured by using a distance meter (e.g., a laser distance meter), specifically, the measured distance is 126m, and then the determined center frequency (3.450GHz) of the 5G base station to be tested in the previous step and the distance (126m) between the test point and the 5G base station to be tested are substituted into formula (2) to calculate the path loss PL from the 5G base station to be tested to the test point.

Step S418, calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the to-be-measured 5G base station according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the to-be-measured 5G base station on the channel bandwidth thereof, the gain of the signal receiving device, and the path loss between the to-be-measured 5G base station and the test point.

In this embodiment, under the condition that the channel bandwidth is 100MHz and the subcarrier spacing is 30kHz, the total resource block number N_RB＝273，N_RE12. The optimal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) obtained by the previous steps_opt) The antenna comprises a test point, a gain of a directional horn antenna is 37.07dBm, 12dB and a path loss PL between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point are substituted into a formula (1), and the configurable maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (m-EIRP) of the 5G base station to be tested is calculated to be 71.30 dBm.

Step S420, determining a limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be measured according to the center frequency of the 5G base station to be measured.

In this embodiment, according to the electromagnetic environment control limit value specified in the national standard GB 8702-²That is, the limit value (S) of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be measured is 0.46W/m²。

Step S422, the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be detected is calculated according to the determined limit value of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be detected and the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be detected.

In this embodiment, the configurable maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (m-EIRP) of the 5G base station to be measured is converted to 13478.51W at first, and then the configurable maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (m-EIRP) of the 5G base station to be measured is converted to 13478.51W and the limit value (S) of the equivalent plane wave power density of the 5G base station to be measured is converted to 0.46W/m²And (4) substituting the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station to be measured to be 48.3 m.

In this embodiment, by demodulating the synchronization signal of the 5G base station, the cell ID and the broadcast beam information of the 5G base station can be obtained more accurately, the maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station can be estimated objectively and conveniently, and the minimum safe distance of the 5G base station can be further estimated, which makes up for the deficiencies of the existing methods and greatly facilitates the development and spot check of the radiation test of the 5G base station.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a system for measuring the electromagnetic radiation of the 5G base station. Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system 500 for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, the measurement system 500 may include at least: a signal receiving device 501, a signal analyzing device 502, and a data processing device 503.

The functions of the components or devices of the system 500 for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station according to the embodiment of the present invention and the connection relationship between the components will be described:

the signal receiving device 501 is disposed at a test point and adapted to directionally receive a signal transmitted by the to-be-tested 5G base station, where the test point is selected within a radiation range of the to-be-tested 5G base station according to a predetermined position of the to-be-tested 5G base station.

And the signal analysis device 502 is connected with the signal receiving device 501 and is suitable for analyzing the signal received by the signal receiving device 501 to obtain the channel power distribution of the 5G base station to be tested, and determining the operator of the 5G base station to be tested according to the channel power distribution. Specifically, the signal analysis device 502 may be connected to the signal reception device 501 wirelessly or by wire.

The signal analysis device 502 is further adapted to set signal demodulation analysis parameters according to an operator of the 5G base station to be tested, and perform demodulation and spectrum analysis on the received signals according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain signal parameters of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, where the signal parameters include reference signal received power.

And the data processing device 503 is connected to the signal analysis device 502, and is adapted to select an optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculate the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device, and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point.

In practical applications, the data processing device 503 and the signal analysis device 502 may be separate components or integrated into a whole.

In one embodiment, the data processing means 503 is further adapted to:

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

in the formula (1), m-EIRP represents the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be measured, and the unit is dBm. SS-RSRP_optRepresents the selected best reference signal received power in dBm. N is a radical of_RBRepresenting the maximum total number of resource blocks of the 5G base station under test over its channel bandwidth. The number of resource blocks of the 5G signal is related to the channel bandwidth and the subcarrier spacing, and under the condition that the channel bandwidth is 100MHz and the subcarrier spacing is 30kHz, the total number of the resource blocks reaches 273, namely N_RB＝273。N_REIndicating the number of resource units contained in each resource block in the frequency domain. In 5G signals, one subcarrier constitutes one resource unit and 12 subcarriers constitute one resource in the frequency domainBlock, therefore, N_REEqual to 12. G denotes the gain of the signal receiving apparatus in dB. PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be measured and the test point, and the unit is dB. The path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point can be obtained according to an empirical value or through detection.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the measurement system 500 may further include a ranging device 504. The distance measuring device 504 is in communication with the data processing device 503 and is adapted to measure the distance between the testing point and the 5G base station to be tested. The distance measuring device 504 may be a distance meter (e.g., a laser distance meter).

The data processing means 503 are further adapted to:

determining the center frequency of the 5G base station to be detected according to an operator of the 5G base station to be detected;

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

In one embodiment, the signal analysis means 502 is further adapted to:

demodulating the received signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain a cell ID of the signal, wherein the cell ID corresponds to the 5G base station to be detected one by one;

if the number of the cell IDs is one, performing spectrum analysis on the demodulated signals according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain signal parameters of each wave beam of a synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be detected;

and if the number of the cell IDs is multiple, respectively carrying out spectrum analysis on the demodulated signals corresponding to each cell ID to obtain the signal parameters of each beam of the synchronous signal block of the to-be-detected 5G base station corresponding to each cell ID.

And, when the number of cell IDs is multiple, the data processing means 503 is further adapted to:

and respectively aiming at the 5G base station to be tested corresponding to each cell ID, selecting the optimal reference signal receiving power from the reference signal receiving power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be tested, and calculating to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station to be tested according to the selected optimal reference signal receiving power, the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device and the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point.

In one embodiment, the data processing means 503 is further adapted to:

and selecting the maximum reference signal received power from the reference signal received power of each wave beam of the synchronous signal block of the 5G base station to be tested as the optimal reference signal received power.

In another embodiment, the signal parameter of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be tested obtained by performing spectrum analysis on the received signal by the signal analysis device 502 may further include a signal to interference plus noise ratio of each beam. The data processing means 503 are further adapted to: determining the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio in the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of each wave beam of a synchronization signal block of the 5G base station to be detected; and selecting the reference signal received power of the beam corresponding to the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio as the optimal reference signal received power.

In one embodiment, the data processing means 503 is further adapted to:

In practical applications, the signal receiving device 501 may be a directional horn antenna. The signal analysis device 502 may be a spectrum analyzer (e.g., an MS2090A portable spectrometer or an N9918B spectrum analyzer) that includes a 5G demodulator.

According to any one or a combination of multiple optional embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the following advantages:

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced within the spirit and principle of the present invention; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating, according to the selected optimal reference signal received power, the total number of resource blocks of the 5G base station under test over its channel bandwidth, the gain of the signal receiving device, and the path loss between the 5G base station under test and the test point, to obtain the configurable maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the 5G base station under test comprises:

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

3. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the path loss between the 5G base station to be measured and the test point is obtained by:

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

4. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the demodulating and spectrum analyzing the received signal according to the signal demodulation analysis parameters to obtain the signal parameters of each beam of the synchronization signal block of the 5G base station under test comprises:

5. The measuring method according to claim 1,

or,

6. The measurement method of claim 1, wherein the signal demodulation analysis parameters comprise:

7. The measurement method according to claim 1, further comprising:

8. A system for measuring electromagnetic radiation of a 5G base station, comprising:

9. The measurement system of claim 8, wherein the data processing device is further adapted to:

m-EIRP＝SS-RSRP_opt+10×log(N_RB×N_RE)-G+PL (1)

wherein m-EIRP represents that the 5G base station to be tested can be matchedThe maximum equivalent omnidirectional radiation power is set in dBm; SS-RSRP_optRepresenting the selected optimal reference signal received power in dBm; n is a radical of_RBRepresenting the total resource block number of the 5G base station to be tested on the channel bandwidth; n is a radical of_RERepresenting the number of resource units contained in each resource block; g represents the gain of the signal receiving apparatus in dB; PL represents the path loss between the 5G base station to be tested and the test point, and the unit is dB.

10. The measurement system of claim 8, further comprising:

the data processing apparatus is further adapted to:

PL＝32.45+20×log(f×d) (2)

11. The measurement system of claim 8, wherein the data processing device is further adapted to:

12. The measurement system according to any one of claims 8-11,

the signal receiving device is a directional horn antenna; and/or