CN111583770B - Marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device and method based on geotechnical centrifuge - Google Patents
Marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device and method based on geotechnical centrifuge Download PDFInfo
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device and method based on a geotechnical centrifuge, wherein the experiment device comprises the geotechnical centrifuge, a hanging basket assembly and a spiral arm carrying equipment assembly; the hanging basket assembly is hinged to one end of the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm through a hanging basket connecting shaft and comprises a soil body sample containing natural gas hydrate and a fixing component, a high-pressure bin, a water bath jacket and the like, and the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly is fixedly arranged on the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm and used for achieving temperature control, air source supply and data acquisition of hydrate formation and storage. The device and the method utilize centrifugal acceleration generated by high-speed rotation of a centrifugal machine to simulate a gravity field in a laboratory so as to improve the buoyancy, realize the quick and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of gas leakage of buoyancy control on the premise of not changing the gas flux, skillfully avoid the limitation of the existing gas micro-flux supply technology, and enable the accumulation process of the leakage type natural gas hydrate to be closer to the natural field actual situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas hydrate accumulation experiment simulation, and particularly relates to a marine leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device and method based on a geotechnical centrifuge.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is a cage-type crystalline solid compound formed from natural gas and water under relatively high pressure and relatively low temperature conditions, and is widely distributed in nature in frozen earth formations on land and reservoir reservoirs on offshore lands and slopes. Natural gas hydrate systems in marine sedimentary environments are classified into diffusion and leakage types, according to the difference in the mechanism of formation and accumulation. Compared with the diffusion type natural gas hydrate, the leakage type natural gas hydrate has the characteristics of shallow burial and large reserve, has higher exploitation and utilization values, and obtains more attention of experts of scholars at home and abroad in recent years.
One of the necessary conditions for the seepage type natural gas hydrate reservoir is that deep natural gas continuously seeps upwards and penetrates through a natural gas hydrate temperature and pressure suitable sedimentary deposit, and the driving force of the upward seepage of the deep natural gas comprises hydrostatic overpressure gradient and buoyancy caused by gas-water density difference. In nature, the overpressure gradient of ocean hydrostatic water is usually very small, the upward leakage process of deep natural gas is controlled by buoyancy caused by the difference of density of gas and water, and the gas leakage flux is usually very small, such as the gas flux of the south sea area of hydrate seashore in the United states is only 5.4 x 10-10m3m-2s-1Gas flux is also smaller in other sea areas of the world. In a laboratory, in consideration of time cost and technical limitations, the gas flux adopted by a marine leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment is usually very large, even if an experimental device with different gas fluxes can be selected, for example, the application number is '201010617478.0', the patent name is 'a high-pressure experimental system for simulating the formation/decomposition of leakage type natural gas hydrate', the selected minimum gas flux is far greater than the real gas flux value in the nature, the gas leakage at the moment is controlled by the pressure difference of a gas inlet and a gas outlet, namely by the hydrostatic overpressure gradient, which is inconsistent with the real situation in the nature, and the representativeness of the simulated marine leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation process is poor.
Therefore, a new technical scheme is developed to realize the rapid and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of buoyancy-controlled gas leakage in a laboratory, and the method has important significance for the development of the experimental simulation technology in the natural gas hydrate accumulation chamber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device and method based on a geotechnical centrifuge, aiming at the problem that the representativeness of the simulated marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation process is poor due to the fact that the existing indoor simulation experiment device and method are difficult to realize the quick and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of buoyancy control gas seepage, so that the limitation of the existing gas micro-flux supply technology is avoided ingeniously, and the purpose that the simulated marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation process in an experiment room is more representative is achieved.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device based on a geotechnical centrifuge comprises the geotechnical centrifuge, a hanging basket assembly and a spiral arm carrying equipment assembly; the hanging basket assembly is hinged with one end of a spiral arm of the geotechnical centrifuge through a hanging basket connecting shaft, the hanging basket assembly is a hydrate formation simulation place, and the geotechnical centrifuge provides a centrifugal acceleration field with at least dozens of times of gravity acceleration for hydrate formation; the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly is fixedly arranged on a spiral arm of the geotechnical centrifuge and is connected with the hanging basket assembly through a pipeline cable so as to realize temperature control, air source supply and data acquisition of hydrate formation;
the hanging basket assembly comprises a fixing component, a high-pressure bin, a water bath jacket, a hanging basket steel frame and a measuring probe, wherein the fixing component is arranged in the high-pressure bin, the water bath jacket is arranged outside the high-pressure bin, and good heat exchange conditions are formed between a refrigerant in the water bath jacket and the high-pressure bin so as to reduce and control the temperature of the high-pressure bin and internal components of the high-pressure bin; the bottom of the high-pressure bin is fixedly connected with the basket steel frame through the fixing support column, so that the stability of the high-pressure bin is ensured when the geotechnical centrifuge works and stops; the hanging basket steel frame is made of high-strength metal materials, the high-pressure bin and the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm are connected through the hanging basket connecting shaft, six sides of the hanging basket steel frame are in a hollow design, and the weight of the hanging basket steel frame is reduced as much as possible on the premise that the rigidity and the strength are sufficient; in addition, a water bath jacket at the bottom of the high-pressure cabin is provided with a hole at a proper position to ensure that the fixed support and a gas inlet pipeline arranged on the high-pressure cabin smoothly pass through;
the fixing component comprises a sample cylinder and a fixing frame, the high-pressure bin comprises a high-pressure bin cylinder and a high-pressure bin upper cover which are hermetically connected through a clamping sleeve, and the high-pressure bin is used for providing a natural gas hydrate formation simulation place; the bottom end of the sample cylinder is in contact with and hermetically connected with the bottom surface of the high-pressure chamber cylinder, and is compressed and fixed by a fixing frame to form a semi-open sample chamber with a watertight bottom end, and the semi-open sample chamber is used for placing a soil mass sample containing natural gas hydrate, and the height of the soil mass sample containing natural gas hydrate is smaller than that of the sample cylinder;
a gas inlet is formed in the center of the bottom surface of the high-pressure bin cylinder, a gas outlet is formed in the center of the upper cover of the high-pressure bin, and an aviation plug is mounted on one side of the gas outlet and used for leading out a measurement cable in the high-pressure bin; the bottom of the water bath jacket is provided with a refrigerant inlet, the upper part of the water bath jacket is provided with a refrigerant outlet, and a diversion trench is arranged in the water bath jacket to ensure the refrigeration and temperature control effects;
the measuring probe comprises a cold light source camera, a temperature probe and a pair of sound wave probes which are arranged in the high-pressure cabin, the cold light source camera, the temperature probe and the pair of sound wave probes are respectively and correspondingly used for observing the growth condition of the natural gas hydrate and measuring the temperature and sound wave data of a soil body sample containing the natural gas hydrate, and a cable of the measuring probe is led out of the high-pressure cabin through an aviation plug of an upper cover of the high-pressure cabin and is gathered on the hanging basket connecting shaft.
Furthermore, the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank, a gas supply tank and a data collector, wherein the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, the gas supply tank and the data collector are respectively and correspondingly connected with the hanging basket assembly through corresponding pipeline cables, the low-temperature constant-temperature tank is used for providing a low-temperature environment for hydrate formation, the gas supply tank is used for providing a continuous and stable gas source for natural gas hydrate formation, and the data collector is used for measuring and recording gas pressure, temperature and sound wave speed data in the hydrate formation process so as to observe the condition of a soil sample.
Furthermore, the data acquisition unit comprises a sound wave generator, a sound wave acquisition card, a temperature acquisition unit, a video acquisition card and a data image storage terminal, the volume is reduced by adopting an integrated design mode under the premise of ensuring the function, the data acquisition unit is fixed on a centrifugal rotating shaft of the geotechnical centrifuge, and a cable of the data acquisition unit is fixed along a spiral arm and is gathered on a hanging basket connecting shaft to be connected with a measuring probe cable of the hanging basket assembly.
Furthermore, the gas supply tank is made of high-strength metal and is fixed at a position, close to the centrifugal rotating shaft, on the spiral arm of the geotechnical centrifuge so as to provide a continuous and stable gas source for gas hydrate formation, the gas supply tank is communicated with the high-pressure bin through a gas supply pipeline and a gas recovery pipeline and forms a high-pressure natural gas circulation loop, the gas supply pipeline is communicated with the gas inlet, and the gas outlet is communicated with the gas recovery pipeline.
Furthermore, the low-temperature constant-temperature tank is internally provided with a circulating pump, is fixed at a position on the rotating arm of the geotechnical centrifuge, which is close to the centrifugal rotating shaft, is communicated with the water bath jacket through a refrigerant supply pipeline and a refrigerant recovery pipeline to form a refrigerant circulation loop, the refrigerant supply pipeline is communicated with the refrigerant inlet, and the refrigerant outlet is communicated with the refrigerant recovery pipeline.
Furthermore, the water bath jacket and the outer side of the upper cover of the high-pressure bin are also provided with heat insulation layers, and the heat insulation layers are made of phenolic foam materials, so that the heat exchange quantity between the water bath jacket and the high-pressure bin and the experimental environment is reduced, and the refrigeration and temperature control effects are improved.
Furthermore, the acoustic wave probe adopts a bending element acoustic wave probe, so that the transverse wave velocity and the longitudinal wave velocity can be acquired, and the requirements of experimental research are met.
Furthermore, all refrigerant circulation pipelines, high-pressure gas pipelines and data acquisition cables are gathered at the position of the hanging basket connecting shaft, so that the cable pipelines are prevented from being damaged when the state of the centrifuge is converted.
The invention also provides an experimental method of the marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experimental device based on the geotechnical centrifuge, which comprises the following steps:
installing a natural gas hydrate-containing soil sample fixing component in a high-pressure bin cylinder, filling soil samples in layers, controlling the porosity of the soil samples to be between 38% and 40%, saturating the soil samples, installing an upper cover of the high-pressure bin and fixing a clamping sleeve; preparing a high-pressure gas source, and respectively connecting a gas and refrigerant circulating pipeline and a data acquisition cable;
opening the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and reducing the temperature of the high-pressure cabin and the internal components of the high-pressure cabin;
opening a valve of a gas source circulating supply pipeline, and injecting high-pressure natural gas into the saturated soil sample at a constant speed;
starting a data acquisition unit, and measuring and recording gas pressure, temperature in the bin and sound wave speed data;
starting the geotechnical centrifuge to rotate at a high speed at a certain rotating speed, manufacturing a centrifugal acceleration field which is dozens of times or even hundreds of times of gravity acceleration, and starting the rapid and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of gas leakage controlled by buoyancy;
continuously measuring the gas pressure, the temperature in the high-pressure chamber and the sound wave velocity data, and paying attention to the change condition of the sound wave velocity along with time so as to quantify the change of the natural gas hydrate content in the reservoir process;
step 4, sample description and experimental arrangement:
closing the geotechnical centrifuge, closing a valve of the gas source circulation pipeline, emptying the natural gas in the high-pressure bin, removing an upper cover of the high-pressure bin, taking out a soil mass sample containing the natural gas hydrate for observation and photographing, decomposing part of the sample, and calculating the saturation of the natural gas hydrate; and closing the low-temperature thermostatic bath, and cleaning and finishing the experimental device.
Further, in the step 4, a part of the sample is placed in a closed container to be heated and decomposed, and the gas production volume V is determined according to the standard state1Calculating natural gas hydrate saturation Sh：
Wherein, VSLThe gas hydrate saturation is corrected by taking the natural gas hydrate saturation as a reference, wherein M is the molar mass of the natural gas hydrate, and rho is the natural gas hydrate density.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
this scheme utilizes the centrifugal acceleration simulation gravity field of the high-speed rotatory production of centrifuge in order to improve buoyancy size in the laboratory, through design hanging basket assembly and spiral arm carry on equipment assembly, utilizes the centrifugal acceleration simulation gravity field of the high-speed rotatory production of centrifuge in the laboratory:
(1) through the matching of the hanging basket assembly and the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly, under the action of strong centrifugal force, soil body particles and pore water with higher density tend to move in the direction away from the rotating shaft of the geotechnical centrifuge along the rotating radial direction, and injected natural gas with the minimum density is extruded in the direction close to the rotating shaft of the geotechnical centrifuge along the rotating radial direction, so that the simulation of the formation process of the ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate is skillfully realized;
(2) the injected natural gas can penetrate through a soil body sample in a very short time under the action of strong centrifugal force, so that the circulation efficiency of the injected natural gas can be obviously improved, the simulation of the formation and accumulation process of the ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate can be completed in a short time even if a small gas flux is selected, the experimental time is greatly shortened, and the research efficiency is improved;
(3) furthermore, the quick and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of gas leakage of buoyancy control is realized on the premise of not changing gas flux, and in addition, a pressure-resistant cold light source camera and an acoustic wave probe are arranged in the high-pressure cabin, so that not only can an intuitive image of a soil body sample containing the natural gas hydrate be obtained, but also the content of the natural gas hydrate in the soil body sample can be quantified, and a complete experimental data support is provided for the quantitative systematic research of the ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation process.
In a word, the scheme realizes the rapid and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of buoyancy-controlled gas leakage in the laboratory, is closer to the accumulation process of the leakage-type natural gas hydrate in the natural real marine deposition environment, achieves the aim that an indoor simulation experiment is more in line with the actual situation on site, and has important reference and reference value for the development of the experiment simulation technology in the natural gas hydrate accumulation room.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device based on a geotechnical centrifuge in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the cradle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a state structure of a basket during an experiment process according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the basket is located at position B when the centrifuge is stopped, and the basket is located at position C when the centrifuge rotates at a normal high speed;
wherein: 1. a soil mass sample containing natural gas hydrate; 2. a sonic probe; 3. a square sample cylinder; 4. a cold light source camera; 5. a temperature probe; 6. a fixing frame; 7. fixing the bolt; 8. a gas inlet; 9. a gas outlet; 10. an aviation plug; 11. a high pressure bin cylinder; 12. a water bath jacket; 13. a heat-insulating layer; 14. a high-pressure bin upper cover; 15. a card sleeve; 16. a refrigerant inlet; 17. a refrigerant outlet; 18. a hanging basket steel frame; 19. a fixed support; 20. a hanging basket connecting shaft; 21. a low-temperature constant-temperature tank; 22. a gas supply tank; 23. a data acquisition unit; 24. a gas recovery line; 25. a gas supply line; 26. a refrigerant recovery pipeline; 27. a refrigerant supply line; 28. a data acquisition line; 29. a centrifugal rotating arm; 30. balancing weight; 31. a centrifuge base; 32. the rotating shaft is centrifuged.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the hanging basket assembly comprises a soil mass sample 1 containing natural gas hydrate, a fixing component thereof, a high-pressure cabin, a water bath jacket 12, an insulating layer 13, a hanging basket steel frame 18 and a measuring probe; the fixing component of the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate comprises a square sample cylinder 3, a fixing frame 6 and a fixing bolt 7; the bottom end of the square sample cylinder 3 is contacted with the bottom surface of the high-pressure chamber cylinder 11, a sealing ring is arranged between the two, and the two are compressed and fixed through a fixing frame 6 and four bolts 7 to form a half-opened sample chamber with the bottom end being watertight, and the sample chamber is used for placing the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate, and the height of the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate is smaller than that of the square sample cylinder 3. In this embodiment, the side length of the internal section of the square sample cylinder 3 is 240mm, the depth is 340mm, and the wall thickness is 5 mm; the fixing frame 6 is in a copper wire shape, the outer diameter is 360mm, the side length of a square hollow inside is 220mm, and the thickness is 10 mm; the side length of the cross section of the soil body sample 1 is 240mm, and the height can be set to be 300 mm.
The high-pressure cabin is made of titanium alloy materials, the upper limit of the designed working pressure is 20MPa, the high-pressure cabin can normally work under the low-temperature condition of minus 5 ℃, and a natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation place is provided. The high-pressure bin is composed of a high-pressure bin cylinder 11 and a high-pressure bin upper cover 14, an O-shaped ring is arranged between the high-pressure bin cylinder and the high-pressure bin upper cover, and fixed sealing is achieved through a clamping sleeve 15. A gas inlet 8 is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of a high-pressure chamber cylinder 11, a gas outlet 9 is arranged at the center of a high-pressure chamber upper cover 14, and an aviation plug 10 is arranged at the position of the gas outlet 9 and used for leading out a measuring cable in the high-pressure chamber. The bottom surface of the high-pressure chamber cylinder 11 is fixedly connected with a hanging basket steel frame 18 through four fixing supports 19, so that the high-pressure chamber is ensured to work and stop when the geotechnical centrifugeThe stability of (2). In the preferred embodiment, the high-pressure chamber cylinder 11 has an inner diameter of 370mm, an outer diameter of 470mm and a depth of 370 mm; the thickness of the high-pressure cabin upper cover 14 is 50mm, and the outer diameter is 540 mm; the gas inlet 8 and the gas outlet 9 are connected
The aviation plug 10 of the high-pressure pipeline adopts a 12-pin type.
In addition, the water bath jacket 12 is arranged outside the high-pressure bin cylinder 11, and the refrigerant in the water bath jacket 12 and the high-pressure bin cylinder 11 have good heat exchange conditions so as to reduce and control the temperature of the high-pressure bin and the internal components thereof. The water bath jacket 12 on the bottom of the high-pressure chamber cylinder 11 is provided with holes at proper positions to ensure that the fixed support 19 and the gas inlet 8 pipeline pass through smoothly. The bottom of the water bath jacket 12 is provided with a refrigerant inlet 16, the upper part is provided with a refrigerant outlet 17, and the water bath jacket 12 is internally provided with a diversion trench to ensure the refrigeration and temperature control effects. Preferably, the outer diameter of the water bath jacket 12 is 540mm, the height is 440mm, and the thickness of the internal refrigerant filling space is not less than 30 mm; the refrigerant inlet 16 communicates with a refrigerant supply line 27, and the refrigerant outlet 17 communicates with a refrigerant recovery line 26.
In this embodiment, the measuring probe includes a cold light source camera 4, a temperature probe 5 and a pair of acoustic probes 2 arranged in the high-pressure chamber, is resistant to high pressure of more than 15MPa, and is used for observing the growth condition of the natural gas hydrate and measuring the temperature and acoustic data of the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate. The measuring probe cable is led out of the high-voltage cabin through the aviation plug 10 of the high-voltage cabin upper cover 14 and collected on the hanging basket connecting shaft 20. The pair of acoustic probes 2 adopt bending element acoustic probes, can acquire both transverse wave velocity and longitudinal wave velocity, and meet the requirements of experimental research. Wherein, a cold light source camera 4 light source has no obvious heat output, and 38 ten thousand pixels at least; the measuring range of one temperature probe 5 is minus 20 ℃ to 100 ℃, and the temperature measuring precision is plus or minus 0.1 ℃; the pair of acoustic probes 2 are bending element probes which are resistant to low temperature and high pressure, have the frequency range of 1 kHz-100 kHz, the sampling frequency of 60MHz and the vertical resolution of 12bit, and have the distance of 150mm from the axis of the probe to the bottom surface of the soil body sample 1.
The hanging basket steel frame 18 is made of high-strength metal and is connected with the high-pressure cabin and the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm 29 through a hanging basket connecting shaft 20; six faces of the hanging basket steel frame 18 are designed in a hollow mode, and the weight of the hanging basket steel frame is reduced as much as possible on the premise that the rigidity and the strength are enough. As shown in fig. 2, the cradle steel frame 18 is in a square shape, the side length is 650mm, and the size is mainly controlled by the size of the geotechnical centrifuge. In addition, in this embodiment, the insulating layer 13 is made of phenolic foam material, and is tightly wrapped outside the water bath jacket 12 and outside the high-pressure bin upper cover 14, so as to reduce the heat exchange amount between the water bath jacket 12 and the experimental environment and improve the cooling and temperature control effects; the top layer and the bottom layer of the heat insulation layer 13 are provided with holes at corresponding positions, so that the gas pipelines 24 and 25, the measuring cable 28 and the fixed support 19 can smoothly pass through the holes, and preferably, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 13 is not less than 10 mm.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the swing arm-mounted device assembly mainly includes a low-temperature thermostatic bath 21, a gas supply tank 22, a data collector 23, and the like, the low-temperature thermostatic bath 21 is provided with a circulation pump, and the coolant is ethylene glycol, is fixed on the geotechnical centrifuge swing arm 29 near the centrifugal rotation shaft 32, and is communicated with the water bath jacket 12 through a coolant supply pipeline 27 and a coolant recovery pipeline 26 to form a coolant circulation loop. The refrigerant supply line 27 communicates with the refrigerant inlet 16, and the refrigerant outlet 17 communicates with the refrigerant recovery line 26. Preferably, the temperature control range of the low-temperature constant-temperature bath 21 is from-10 ℃ to room temperature, the temperature control precision is not more than +/-0.5 ℃, and a small-volume product is selected as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the refrigeration and temperature control effects.
The gas supply tank 22 is made of high-strength metal and is pressure-resistant at 20MPa, is fixed on the radial arm 29 of the geotechnical centrifuge close to the centrifugal rotating shaft 32 and is used for providing a continuous and stable gas source for the formation of the natural gas hydrate, and is communicated with the high-pressure cabin through the gas supply pipeline 25 and the gas recovery pipeline 24 to form a high-pressure natural gas circulation loop. The gas supply line 25 communicates with the gas inlet 8, and the gas outlet 9 communicates with the gas recovery line 24. Preferably, the effective volume of the gas supply tank 22 is 1L, and the gas circulation line specification is 1L
The data acquisition unit 23 comprises a sound wave generator, a sound wave acquisition card, a temperature acquisition unit, a video acquisition card, a data image storage terminal and the like, and is fixed on the centrifugal rotating shaft 32 of the geotechnical centrifuge by adopting an integrated design mode to reduce the volume under the precondition of ensuring the functions. The data collector cable 28 is fixed along the radial arm 29 and gathered on the cradle connecting shaft 20 to be connected with the measuring probe cable of the cradle assembly.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the material, specific size, and the like of some components are described in detail, and in the case that no special description is made, the description is only shown by way of example, and in the specific implementation, the material and the parameter range are not limited to meet the actual experimental requirements.
In conclusion, the scheme simulates the gravity field by utilizing the centrifugal acceleration generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifugal machine in the laboratory, under the action of strong centrifugal force, soil body particles with larger density and pore water tend to move along the rotation radial direction away from the rotating shaft of the geotechnical centrifuge, the injected natural gas with the minimum density is extruded to the direction close to the rotating shaft of the geotechnical centrifuge along the rotating radial direction, so that the simulation of the formation process of the ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate is skillfully realized, the buoyancy caused by the difference between the gas and water densities can be obviously improved, and further, the simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of gas leakage of buoyancy control can be realized on the premise of not changing gas flux, the limitation of the existing gas micro-flux supply technology is ingeniously avoided, and the aim of simulating the ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation process in a laboratory to be closer to the real situation of the natural world is finally achieved.
placing a square sample cylinder 3 in a high-pressure chamber cylinder 11, covering a fixing frame 6, and then tightening four bolts 7 for fixing; filling a soil sample 1 in layers, compacting to the height of 300mm, controlling the porosity of the soil sample to be between 38% and 40%, and injecting water from the bottom of the soil sample 1 to saturate the soil sample; installing a cold light source camera 4 and a temperature probe 5, installing a high-pressure cabin upper cover 14 and fixing by a clamping sleeve 15; the gas supply tank 22 is filled with natural gas to 10MPa, and after a high-pressure gas source for circulating gas supply is prepared, the gas cylinder and other components are removed, and the circulating gas supply pipelines 24 and 25, the refrigerant circulating pipelines 26 and 27 and the data acquisition cable 28 are connected.
opening the low-temperature constant-temperature groove 21 to enable a refrigerant to circulate between the low-temperature constant-temperature groove 21 and the water bath jacket 12, and reducing the temperature of the high-pressure bin, the soil body sample 1, the square sample cylinder 3, the fixing frame 6 and other components; opening a valve of a gas supply tank 22, connecting a gas supply pipeline 25 and a gas recovery pipeline 24, injecting high-pressure natural gas from a gas inlet 8 at the bottom of a saturated soil sample 1 at a constant speed, and returning the natural gas to the gas supply tank 22 through a gas outlet 9 of a high-pressure bin upper cover 14 and the gas recovery pipeline 24 after the natural gas penetrates through the soil sample 1, so as to realize continuous circulating supply of the high-pressure natural gas; starting the data collector 23, measuring and recording the gas pressure, the temperature in the bin and the sound wave speed data, and observing the condition of the soil sample; starting the geotechnical centrifuge to rotate at a high speed at a certain rotating speed, manufacturing a centrifugal acceleration field of 250 times of gravity acceleration, changing the initial vertical position B of the hanging basket assembly into an approximately horizontal position C, and starting the rapid and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of gas leakage controlled by buoyancy as shown in figure 3.
It should be noted that, through relevant studies, it is shown that the dimensionless parameter R is usedgCan judge whether the gas leakage is controlled by hydrostatic overpressure gradient or buoyancy, and the expression is
In the formula, k0Is the intrinsic permeability of the soil sample,
is the relative permeability of the liquid phase, qtotIs the total flow rate, mu, of the gas-liquid two-phase flowlIs the liquid phase viscosity coefficient, rholAnd ρgThe density of the liquid and gas phases, respectively, and g is the acceleration of gravity. When R isg> 1, gas leakage is controlled by buoyancy, and when RgAt < 1, gas leakage is controlled by hydrostatic overpressure gradient. It can be seen that when the parameters are constant, a larger q is usedtotIn time, as in the case of conventional indoor simulation experiments, the dimensionless parameter R g1, the gas leakage is controlled by hydrostatic overpressure gradient; if a centrifugal acceleration field of 250 times the gravitational acceleration is generated using a geotechnical centrifuge, then Rg> 1 will realize that the gas leakage in indoor simulation experiments is controlled by buoyancy. Particularly, the centrifugal acceleration field of 250 times of the gravity acceleration can be realized by a small geotechnical centrifuge, and if a larger geotechnical centrifuge is adopted, the generated centrifugal acceleration can reach the maximum gravity acceleration even thousands of times, and at the moment, the experimental device and the method provided by the invention can obtain better application effects.
continuously measuring the gas pressure, the temperature in the bin and the sound wave speed data, observing the change condition of the upper surface of the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate, focusing on the change condition of the transverse wave speed and the longitudinal wave speed along with time, and quantifying the change of the content of the natural gas hydrate in the storage process.
And 4, sample description and experimental arrangement:
closing the geotechnical centrifuge, closing the valves of the gas supply pipeline 25 and the gas recovery pipeline 24 after the rotary arm 29 is static, disconnecting the gas source circulation pipeline, emptying the natural gas in the high-pressure bin from the gas outlet 9 of the upper cover 14 of the high-pressure bin, detaching the four fixing bolts 7 and the fixing frame 6, taking out the soil mass sample 1 containing the natural gas hydrate for observation and photographing, placing part of the sample in a closed container for heating and decomposition, and generating gas according to the gas volume V under the standard state1Calculating natural gas hydrate saturation ShThe calculation formula is
Wherein the gas molar volume VSL22.4L, the molar mass M of the natural gas hydrate is 124g/mol, and the density rho of the natural gas hydrate is 0.91 g/ml. Correcting the natural gas hydrate saturation data determined by the abnormal acoustic wave speed based on the natural gas hydrate saturation; and closing the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 21, disconnecting the refrigerant circulating pipeline, and cleaning and arranging experimental device components such as the square sample cylinder 3, the high-pressure bin cylinder 11 and the like.
Therefore, the method can realize the quick and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of buoyancy control gas leakage, is closer to the accumulation process of the leakage type natural gas hydrate in the natural real marine deposition environment, achieves the aim that an indoor simulation experiment better meets the actual situation on site, and has important reference and reference value for the development of the experiment simulation technology in the natural gas hydrate accumulation chamber.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ocean leakage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device based on the geotechnical centrifuge comprises the geotechnical centrifuge and is characterized by further comprising a hanging basket assembly and a swing arm carrying equipment assembly; the hanging basket assembly is hinged with one end of a geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm (29) of the geotechnical centrifuge through a hanging basket connecting shaft (20), the hanging basket assembly is a hydrate accumulation simulation place, and the geotechnical centrifuge provides a centrifugal acceleration field with 250 times of gravity acceleration for hydrate accumulation; the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly is fixedly arranged on a spiral arm (29) of the geotechnical centrifuge and is connected with the hanging basket assembly through a pipeline cable so as to realize temperature control, air source supply and data acquisition of hydrate formation;
the hanging basket assembly comprises a fixing component, a high-pressure bin, a water bath jacket (12), a hanging basket steel frame (18) and a measuring probe, wherein the fixing component is arranged in the high-pressure bin, the water bath jacket (12) is arranged on the outer side of the high-pressure bin, and the water bath jacket (12) is used for reducing and controlling the temperature of the high-pressure bin and internal components of the high-pressure bin; the bottom of the high-pressure cabin is fixedly connected with a basket hanging steel frame (18) through a fixed support column (19), and the basket hanging steel frame (18) is connected with the high-pressure cabin and a geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm (29) through a basket hanging connecting shaft (20); the measuring probe comprises a cold light source camera (4), a temperature probe (5) and a pair of sound wave probes (2) which are arranged in the high-pressure cabin, and the measuring probe is respectively and correspondingly used for observing the growth condition of the natural gas hydrate and measuring the temperature and sound wave data of the soil mass sample (1) containing the natural gas hydrate;
the fixing component comprises a sample cylinder (3) and a fixing frame (6), and the high-pressure chamber comprises a high-pressure chamber cylinder (11) and a high-pressure chamber upper cover (14) which are hermetically connected through a clamping sleeve (15); the bottom end of the sample cylinder 3 is in contact with and hermetically connected with the bottom surface of the high-pressure bin cylinder (11), is tightly pressed and fixed through a fixing frame (6), and is used for placing a soil body sample (1) containing natural gas hydrate; the bottom and the top of the high-pressure cabin are respectively and correspondingly provided with a gas inlet (8) and a gas outlet (9), and one side of the gas outlet (9) is provided with an aviation plug (10) for leading out a measurement cable in the high-pressure cabin; the bottom and the top of the water bath jacket (12) are respectively provided with a refrigerant inlet (16) and a refrigerant outlet (17) correspondingly.
2. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the spiral arm carrying equipment assembly comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (21), a gas supply tank (22) and a data acquisition unit (23), wherein the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (21), the gas supply tank (22) and the data acquisition unit (23) are respectively connected with a hanging basket assembly through corresponding pipeline cables in a corresponding mode, the low-temperature constant-temperature tank is used for providing a low-temperature environment for hydrate formation, the gas supply tank is used for providing a continuous and stable gas source for the natural gas hydrate formation, and the data acquisition unit is used for measuring and recording gas pressure, temperature and sound wave speed data in the hydrate formation and storage process.
3. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition unit (23) comprises a sound wave generator, a sound wave acquisition card, a temperature acquisition unit, a video acquisition card and a data image storage terminal, and is fixed along the spiral arm (29) of the geotechnical centrifuge through a data acquisition unit cable (28) and gathered on the hanging basket connecting shaft (20) to be connected with a measuring probe cable of the hanging basket assembly.
4. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 2, wherein: the gas supply tank (22) is fixed on the position, close to the centrifugal rotating shaft (32), of the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm (29), is communicated with the high-pressure bin through a gas supply pipeline (25) and a gas recovery pipeline (24) to form a high-pressure natural gas circulation loop, the gas supply pipeline (25) is communicated with the gas inlet (8), and the gas outlet (9) is communicated with the gas recovery pipeline (24).
5. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 2, wherein: the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (21) is fixed on the geotechnical centrifuge spiral arm (29) close to the centrifugal rotating shaft (32), is communicated with the water bath jacket (12) through a refrigerant supply pipeline (27) and a refrigerant recovery pipeline (26) to form a refrigerant circulation loop, the refrigerant supply pipeline (27) is communicated with the refrigerant inlet (16), and the refrigerant outlet (17) is communicated with the refrigerant recovery pipeline (26).
6. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: and heat-insulating layers (13) are arranged on the outer sides of the water bath jacket (12) and the high-pressure bin upper cover (14).
7. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave probe (2) adopts a bending element sound wave probe.
8. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein: the pipeline cables comprise a refrigerant circulating pipeline, a high-pressure gas pipeline and a data acquisition cable, and the pipeline cables are gathered at the position of the hanging basket connecting shaft (20).
9. The experimental method of the marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experimental device based on the geotechnical centrifuge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, hydrate reservoir formation simulation experiment preparation:
installing a natural gas hydrate-containing soil sample fixing component in a high-pressure bin cylinder, filling soil samples in layers, controlling the porosity of the soil samples to be between 38% and 40%, saturating the soil samples, installing an upper cover of the high-pressure bin and fixing a clamping sleeve; preparing a high-pressure air source, and respectively connecting corresponding pipeline cables;
step 2, hydrate accumulation process simulation:
opening the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and reducing the temperature of the high-pressure cabin and the internal components of the high-pressure cabin;
starting an air source for circulating supply, and injecting high-pressure natural gas into the saturated soil sample at a constant speed;
starting a data acquisition unit, and measuring and recording gas pressure, temperature in the high-pressure cabin and sound wave speed data;
starting the geotechnical centrifuge to rotate at a high speed at a certain rotating speed, and manufacturing a centrifugal acceleration field which is 250 times of gravity acceleration, so as to realize the quick and efficient simulation of the natural gas hydrate accumulation process under the condition of buoyancy-controlled gas leakage;
step 3, monitoring the hydrate accumulation process:
continuously measuring the gas pressure, the temperature in the high-pressure chamber and the sound wave velocity data, paying attention to the change condition of the sound wave velocity along with time, and quantifying the change of the natural gas hydrate content in the storage process;
step 4, sample description and experimental arrangement:
closing the geotechnical centrifuge, closing the gas source circulation pipeline, emptying the natural gas in the high-pressure bin, dismantling the upper cover of the high-pressure bin, taking out a soil mass sample containing the natural gas hydrate for observation, decomposing part of the sample, and calculating the saturation of the natural gas hydrate; and closing the low-temperature thermostatic bath, and cleaning and finishing the experimental device.
10. The geotechnical centrifuge-based marine seepage type natural gas hydrate accumulation simulation experiment method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: in the step 4, part of the sample is placed in a closed container to be heated and decomposed, and the gas production volume V is determined according to the standard state1Calculating natural gas hydrate saturation Sh：
Wherein, VSLThe gas hydrate saturation is corrected by taking the natural gas hydrate saturation as a reference, wherein M is the molar mass of the natural gas hydrate, and rho is the natural gas hydrate density.
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