CN111581689B - Numerical simulation method for bubble curtain enclosing control dredged objects - Google Patents
Numerical simulation method for bubble curtain enclosing control dredged objects Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical simulation method of a bubble curtain enclosure control dredged object in the technical field of dredging engineering, which carries out CFD modeling on the bubble curtain enclosure control dredged object, and builds a four-phase transient dynamics system for simulating atmosphere, water, bubbles and the dredged object by a coupling model of VOF and DPM; according to engineering examples, three-dimensional modeling, grid division, setting of bubble curtains and sources of dredged objects, setting of boundary conditions and initial conditions, and solving of a coupled CFD model; and finally, verifying the simulation result through a physical test. The CFD model of the invention considers the bidirectional coupling of bubbles, dredged objects and water, also considers the free interface tracking of the atmosphere and the water, and passes the test verification, and the model result is reliable; the numerical method can provide data which are lack in physical tests, is low in calculation cost, is convenient for carrying out numerical tests under multiple situations, discovers the motion rule of the dredged object under the combined action of the bubble curtain and the environmental water flow, and evaluates the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the bubble curtain on the dredged object.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dredging engineering, and particularly relates to a numerical simulation method for controlling dredged objects by enclosing a bubble curtain.
Background
The dredging engineering aggravates the disturbance and diffusion of original polluted substrate mud layer substances or non-polluted raw soil particles in the process of dredging and hydraulic filling overflow, and the generated suspended dredged substances are rapidly increased in a short period, so that pollution is caused to surrounding water areas to different degrees. At present, a relatively simple measure for preventing suspended matters from diffusing in the dredging process is to arrange a closed geotextile anti-fouling curtain around dredging equipment or in the whole dredging area for environment-friendly construction, and the arrangement of the anti-fouling curtain can control the diffusion of suspended matters to a certain extent to meet the requirement of dredging water areas on environment-friendly construction, but the operability is limited or even impossible because the ship needs to frequently open the anti-fouling curtain in and out of a construction area, especially when the dredging construction area is also provided with a busy shipping function. At this time, the diffusion of dredged objects can be blocked by distributing the bubble curtain, the bubbles are continuously released into water by the perforated hose and the air compressor, the water body is driven to flow in the rising process of the bubbles, and surface flow is formed when the bubbles reach the free liquid level. When the bubble curtain is distributed against the environmental water flow, a circulation unit is formed, and the dredged objects can be blocked at the upstream of the bubble curtain, so that the effects of enclosing control and slowing down the dredged objects are achieved. The advantages of the bubble curtain over geotextile are that the ship can be allowed to pass freely, and the deployment is simple.
However, the experimental study of bubble curtains on dredge containment is relatively few. Cutroneo et al tested the effect of a double bubble curtain on the containment of the dredge substitute red fluorescent dye in a dredging operation by 4 days of field testing under different weather and sea conditions, and as a result showed that the second curtain would block most of the dye when the first curtain failed to dye, this test had the disadvantage that the fluorescent dye did not have the same movement characteristics as the actual dredge. Wu Guijiang et al studied the effect of the bubble curtain on controlling the diffusion of contaminants such as suspended particulate matter, organic matter, and nutrients by using a flume test. The water depth of the water tank is 40cm, the bottom of the water tank is added with sewage ditch bottom mud with the thickness of 10cm and continuously stirred to simulate disturbance of dredging on the bottom mud, test results show that the bubble curtain can effectively control suspended particles, the increase of dissolved oxygen reduces organic matters, the nutrient elements are not reduced, but the bubble curtain can reduce the diffusion rate, and the defect of the test is that in the actual situation, disturbance of environmental water flow on the bubble curtain is often caused, and the surrounding control effect of the bubble curtain can be influenced.
The only few trials have some drawbacks and cannot be used to sum up the motion characteristics of the dredge and the containment and failure mechanisms of the bubble curtain. Numerical methods can provide data that is lacking in laboratory or field tests. The verified numerical model can be used for carrying out a large number of numerical tests to study the effect and failure mechanism of the bubble curtain for controlling the dredged material. However, numerical simulation methods for bubble curtains to enclose dredged objects are hardly known in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a numerical simulation method for controlling dredged objects by using a bubble curtain to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a numerical simulation method for controlling the dredged objects by enclosing a bubble curtain, which can be used for researching the motion characteristics of the dredged objects under the combined action of the bubble curtain and the environmental water flow and lays an important theoretical foundation for analyzing the enclosing control effect and failure mechanism of the bubble curtain.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a numerical simulation method for controlling dredged objects by enclosing a bubble curtain, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing two continuous phase atmosphere and water VOF models, and constructing two disperse phase bubbles and dredged object DPM models;
step S2, coupling the VOF model and the DPM model to obtain a coupled CFD model of the atmosphere, water, air bubbles and dredged objects;
step S3, a three-dimensional model of a dredging engineering example is established, grid division is carried out on the model, a bubble curtain and a source of a dredged object are set, boundary conditions and initial conditions are set, a pressure-based separation type solver is adopted, and the coupled CFD model obtained in the step S2 is solved by adopting a PISO algorithm so as to obtain dredged object distribution data under the combined action of the bubble curtain and environmental water flow;
and S4, comparing the dredged material distribution data obtained in the step S3 with a physical test, and further carrying out a numerical test to evaluate the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the bubble curtain on the dredged material.
Preferably, in the above scheme, in the step S1: under the Euler coordinate system, solving a volume fraction continuity equation and a momentum equation of the atmosphere and the water by adopting a VOF model, tracking an interface of the continuous equation and the momentum equation, and closing by adopting a k-epsilon turbulence equation; and respectively solving a force balance equation and a motion equation of the bubble and the dredge by adopting a DPM model under the Lagrange coordinate system, wherein the interaction force between the bubble and the dredge is ignored in the solving process.
Preferably, in the above scheme, in the step S2: and the VOF model and the DPM model are jointly solved through coupling, the Reynolds average flow velocity and turbulence parameters obtained by the VOF model are imported into the DPM model, and the drag force and the additional mass force suffered by the bubbles and the dredged objects in the DPM model are fed back into the momentum equation of the VOF model in the form of source terms.
On the basis of the above scheme, the implementation process of the step S3 is preferably as follows:
(1) Thinning the interface between the atmosphere and the water and the bubble curtain area when dividing the grid, and performing sensitivity test on the grid;
(2) Respectively setting a bubble curtain and a source of dredged objects, wherein the sources comprise mass flow, spraying time step, duration, position, initial speed and particle size;
(3) The boundary conditions are: the bubble curtain under the action of the ambient water flow adopts a speed inlet boundary, the outlet adopts a free outflow boundary, and the rest is a fixed wall surface;
(4) The initial conditions are: setting initial distribution, initial pressure, initial speed and initial speed turbulence parameters of the atmosphere and the water;
(5) The interface tracking of the atmosphere and the water adopts a geometric reconstruction scheme;
(6) Setting a calculation time step and performing sensitivity test on the calculation time step.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the step S4 includes:
(1) Summarizing the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the air bubble curtain on different dredged objects through numerical tests of the dredged objects with different particle sizes and different densities;
(2) Obtaining critical environmental water flow which causes the failure of the bubble curtain through a numerical test of gradually increasing the environmental water flow;
(3) The performance and the energy consumption of the bubble curtain are comprehensively evaluated through numerical tests of the bubble curtain enclosure control dredged objects with different water depths, different air volumes and different configurations, wherein the different configurations comprise a line source or a surface source, and a single curtain or a double curtain.
Compared with the prior art, the numerical simulation method for the bubble curtain enclosing control dredged objects has the advantages that:
(1) On the basis of considering bidirectional coupling of bubbles, dredged objects and water and also considering free interface tracking of the atmosphere and the water, a coupled CFD model for solving four-phase transient dynamics systems of the atmosphere, the water, the bubbles and the dredged objects is constructed, and experimental verification is carried out, so that the model result is reliable;
(2) The numerical method can provide deficient data of laboratory tests or field tests, and find the motion rule of the dredged material under the combined action of the bubble curtain and the environmental water flow;
(3) Compared with a physical test, the numerical test has lower repeated cost, so that the method can be used for carrying out a large number of numerical tests under multiple conditions to evaluate the surrounding control effect and failure condition of the bubble curtain on the dredged objects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a numerical simulation method of bubble curtain enclosure control dredged material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of meshing with an ambient water flow of 0.1m/s in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of meshing with an ambient water flow of 0.2m/s in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of meshing with an ambient water flow of 0.3m/s in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a vector diagram and a velocity magnitude cloud diagram of a bubble curtain flow field under 0.1m/s ambient water flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a vector diagram and a velocity magnitude cloud diagram of a bubble curtain flow field under 0.2m/s ambient water flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a vector diagram and a velocity magnitude cloud diagram of a bubble curtain flow field under 0.3m/s ambient water flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 8 is a comparison of the results of numerical simulation of dredged material distribution with experimental observations in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the numerical simulation method for controlling dredged objects by using a bubble curtain comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing two continuous phase atmosphere and water VOF models, and constructing two disperse phase bubbles and dredged object DPM models;
step S2, coupling the VOF model and the DPM model to obtain a coupled CFD model of the atmosphere, water, air bubbles and dredged objects;
step S3, a three-dimensional model of a dredging engineering example is established, grid division is carried out on the model, a bubble curtain and a source of a dredged object are set, boundary conditions and initial conditions are set, a pressure-based separation type solver is adopted, and the coupled CFD model obtained in the step S2 is solved by adopting a PISO algorithm so as to obtain dredged object distribution data under the combined action of the bubble curtain and environmental water flow;
and S4, comparing the dredged material distribution data obtained in the step S3 with a physical test, and further carrying out a numerical test to evaluate the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the bubble curtain on the dredged material.
The specific steps of the step S1 are as follows:
under the Euler coordinate system, solving a volume fraction continuity equation and a momentum equation of the atmosphere and water by adopting a VOF model, carrying out Raynaud time-sharing, adopting a k-epsilon turbulence equation to close by using a Boussinesq (cloth Xin Nisi g) assumption, and tracking an interface of the atmosphere and the water; wherein, the volume fraction continuity equation of the Reynolds time average is as follows:
wherein t represents time; x is x j Representing the j-direction coordinates; alpha g Represents the volume fraction of the atmosphere, alpha f Represents the volume fraction of water and satisfies alpha g +α f ＝1；The average velocity in the j direction when the air and water are both reynolds.
The Navier-Stokes momentum equation for Reynolds time is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the average speed of the air and water in the direction i at the same time of Reynolds; u's' i A pulsation speed in the i direction; u's' j A pulsation speed in the j direction; ρ represents density, which is the volume average of atmosphere and water, i.e. +.>Mu represents the dynamic viscosity, which is the volume average of the atmosphere and water, i.e. mu = Σα g μ g +α f μ f ；/>Expressed as time average pressure g i A component representing the gravitational acceleration in the i direction; />Representation ofThe component of the force of the discrete relative continuous phase in the i direction.
And respectively solving a force balance equation and a motion equation of the bubble and the dredged object by adopting a DPM model. Wherein the force balance equation is expressed as:
the equation of motion is expressed as:
wherein: v i I-direction velocity representing bubble or dredge; ρ p Representing the density of the bubbles or dredge, wherein the density of the bubbles varies with the depth of the water; d, d p Represents the particle size of the bubbles or dredge; c (C) D A drag coefficient representing bubbles or dredged material; re (Re) p Representing the relative reynolds number of the bubble or dredge; f (F) i Additional mass force and pressure gradient force in the i direction to which the bubble or dredge is subjected; u (u) i Representing the i-direction instantaneous velocity of the continuous phase,wherein the pulsation velocity u' i By->Calculated, ζ represents a normal distribution of random numbers, and k represents the turbulence energy of the continuous phase.
In step S2, the VOF model and the DPM model are jointly solved by coupling, and the reynolds time average flow velocity and turbulence parameters obtained by the VOF model are introduced into the DPM model, and the drag force and the additional mass force suffered by the bubbles and the dredged objects in the DPM model are fed back into the momentum equation of the VOF model in the form of source terms.
In step S3, according to the dredging engineering example, three-dimensional modeling is performed, and as shown in fig. 2-4, the calculation area is: the upstream and downstream directions of the bubble curtain are a=32m (X= -16-16 m), the upstream direction of the bubble curtain is X negative direction, and the downstream direction is X positive direction; the water depth direction is b=8m (y=0-8 m), where 5m is water (0 m is water bottom, 5m is water surface), 3m is atmosphere, and the gravity direction is Y negative direction; the air bubble curtain discharge direction is c=2m (z= -1-1 m). As shown in fig. 2-4, the calculation area is relatively regular, the structural grid is adopted to divide the calculation area into grids, the grids are thinned at the interface of atmosphere and water and the bubble curtain area, and the sensitivity test is carried out on the grids.
As the ambient water flow increases from 0.1m/s (FIG. 2) to 0.2m/s (FIG. 3) to 0.3m/s (FIG. 4), the degree of tilt of the bubble curtain affected by it increases, and thus the area of the bubble curtain that needs to be encrypted changes. The sources of the bubble curtain and dredge are respectively set as follows: the water depth of the bubble curtain is 5m, the bubble curtain is arranged at X= -7m, Y= 0m, Z= -1-1m, and the air quantity is 0.005kg/s per meter; the source of dredged material is set at X= -15m, Y= 0.3-4.7m, Z= 0m, and dredged material density is 2680kg/m 3 The particle size was 0.1mm. The boundary conditions are as follows: the bubble curtain under the action of the ambient water flow adopts a speed inlet boundary (the ambient water flow is selected to be 0.1m/s, 0.2m/s and 0.3 m/s), the outlet adopts a free outflow boundary, and the rest is a fixed wall surface. The initial conditions were set as follows: the initial interface of atmosphere and water was y=5m, the initial pressure was 0, the initial velocity was set to ambient water flow, and the initial velocity turbulence parameter was 0. Setting a calculation time step and performing sensitivity test on the calculation time step. A transient, pressure-based split solver (transent, segregated pressure-based solver) was used to solve The model using The PISO (The pressure-implicit with splitting of operator) algorithm, and a geometric reconstruction scheme (Geo-reconstract) was used for The atmospheric and water interface tracking.
In the step S4, the simulation result is compared with the dredged object distribution under the combined action of the bubble curtain and the environmental water flow, which is measured in the test, and the surrounding control effect is evaluated by comparing the dredged object distribution at the upstream and downstream of the bubble curtain; by a numerical test of gradually increasing the environmental water flow, the critical water flow with the bubble curtain failing, namely the maximum water flow which can be resisted by the bubble curtain, can not form a circulating unit under the water flow, and can not realize the surrounding control of the dredged objects.
The above numerical simulation results are shown in fig. 5 to 8. Wherein, as shown in fig. 5, the flow field distribution under the combined action of the 0.1m/s ambient water flow and the bubble curtain can be seen, the bubble curtain is inclined to the downstream direction under the action of the water flow, and the circulation unit is formed against the ambient water flow in the upstream direction. The enclosing control of the bubble curtain on the dredged material is realized by accelerating the descending of the dredged material and capturing the dredged material into the circulating unit through the circulating unit of the bubble curtain. As shown in fig. 8, the simulated dredge distribution is compared with test data to verify the accuracy of the model; the abscissa is dimensionless of the position of the bubble curtain in the upstream and downstream directions, x=0 is the bubble curtain source, x= -1 is the dredged source, and the ordinate is the dimensionless dredged quantity concentration; as can be seen from fig. 8, the model reproduces the experimental observations, the dredge drops sharply under the action of the bubble curtain circulation unit, rises with the rising flow in the vicinity of the bubble curtain, rises slightly, and then drops downstream of the bubble curtain; the comparison result shows that the method provided by the invention can accurately simulate the surrounding control effect of the bubble curtain on the dredged objects.
Numerical tests indicate that ambient water flow is an important parameter that affects the efficiency of bubble curtain enclosure and leads to failure. Gradually increasing the water flow to 0.2m/s and 0.3m/s, and finding out the maximum water flow which can be resisted by the bubble curtain with specific air quantity and specific distribution depth. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the circulation unit of the bubble curtain is compressed when the water flow increases to 0.2m/s compared to the 0.1m/s water flow; when the water flow increases to 0.3m/s, the bubble curtain does not form a circulation unit, i.e. fails. The CFD model provided by the invention can be used for further carrying out numerical test optimization configuration on the bubble curtain, so that the enclosure control efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The numerical simulation method for the bubble curtain enclosing control dredged objects is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, constructing two continuous phase atmosphere and water VOF models, and constructing two disperse phase bubbles and dredged object DPM models;
step S2, coupling the VOF model and the DPM model, wherein the average flow velocity and turbulence parameters of the Reynolds obtained by the VOF model are led into the DPM model, and the drag force and the additional mass force suffered by the air bubble and the dredged object in the DPM model are fed back into a momentum equation of the VOF model in a source term form so as to obtain a coupled CFD model of the atmosphere, the water, the air bubble and the dredged object;
step S3, a three-dimensional model of a dredging engineering example is established, grid division is carried out on the model, a bubble curtain and a source of a dredged object are set, boundary conditions and initial conditions are set, a pressure-based separation type solver is adopted, and the coupled CFD model obtained in the step S2 is solved by adopting a PISO algorithm so as to obtain dredged object distribution data under the combined action of the bubble curtain and environmental water flow;
the implementation process of the step S3 is as follows:
(1) Thinning the interface of the atmosphere and the water and the bubble curtain area when dividing the grid, and carrying out sensitivity test on the grid;
(2) Respectively setting a bubble curtain and a source of dredged objects, wherein the sources comprise mass flow, spraying time step, duration, position, initial speed and particle size;
(3) The boundary conditions are: the bubble curtain under the action of the ambient water flow adopts a speed inlet boundary, the outlet adopts a free outflow boundary, and the rest is a fixed wall surface;
(4) The initial conditions are: setting initial distribution, initial pressure, initial speed and initial speed turbulence parameters of the atmosphere and the water;
(5) The interface tracking of the atmosphere and the water adopts a geometric reconstruction scheme;
(6) Setting a calculation time step, and performing sensitivity test on the calculation time step;
and S4, comparing the dredged material distribution data obtained in the step S3 with a physical test, and further carrying out a numerical test to evaluate the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the bubble curtain on the dredged material.
2. A method for numerical simulation of a bubble curtain-controlled dredging according to claim 1, wherein in step S1: under the Euler coordinate system, solving a volume fraction continuity equation and a momentum equation of the atmosphere and the water by adopting a VOF model, tracking an interface of the continuous equation and the momentum equation, and closing by adopting a k-epsilon turbulence equation; and respectively solving a force balance equation and a motion equation of the bubble and the dredge by adopting a DPM model under the Lagrange coordinate system, wherein the interaction force between the bubble and the dredge is ignored in the solving process.
3. A numerical simulation method of a bubble curtain for controlling dredged material according to claim 1, wherein in step S2: and the VOF model and the DPM model are jointly solved through coupling, the Reynolds average flow velocity and turbulence parameters obtained by the VOF model are imported into the DPM model, and the drag force and the additional mass force suffered by the bubbles and the dredged objects in the DPM model are fed back into the momentum equation of the VOF model in the form of source terms.
4. A method for numerical simulation of a bubble curtain-controlled dredging according to claim 1, wherein step S4 comprises:
(1) Summarizing the enclosing control effect and failure condition of the air bubble curtain on different dredged objects through numerical tests of the dredged objects with different particle sizes and different densities;
(2) Obtaining critical environmental water flow which causes the failure of the bubble curtain through a numerical test of gradually increasing the environmental water flow;
(3) The performance and the energy consumption of the bubble curtain are comprehensively evaluated through numerical tests of the bubble curtain enclosure control dredged objects with different water depths, different air volumes and different configurations, wherein the different configurations comprise a line source or a surface source, and a single curtain or a double curtain.
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