CN111579201A - Variable crosswind device for automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment and test method thereof - Google Patents
Variable crosswind device for automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111579201A CN111579201A CN202010571478.5A CN202010571478A CN111579201A CN 111579201 A CN111579201 A CN 111579201A CN 202010571478 A CN202010571478 A CN 202010571478A CN 111579201 A CN111579201 A CN 111579201A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/02—Wind tunnels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable crosswind device for a fluid-solid coupling experiment of an automobile model, which drives a motor; the worm is connected with the power output end of the driving motor; the worm wheel is meshed with the worm and the first rack respectively; the second rack is arranged in parallel with the first rack at intervals; the two rack sliding blocks are respectively fixed on the outer side of the wind tunnel opening and are arranged with the first rack and the second rack in a sliding manner; two guiding devices, it sets up between first rack and second rack, and guiding device includes: two third gears respectively meshed with the first rack and the second rack; and the guide plate is fixed between the two third gears. The invention also discloses a test method of the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling test, which ensures that the vehicle speed and the crosswind speed meet the test requirements by changing the angle of the guide plate and the wind tunnel incoming flow speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile wind tunnel tests, in particular to a variable crosswind device for an automobile model fluid-solid coupling test and a test method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of world economy, the life rhythm of people is gradually accelerated, and the speed of the automobile is increased, so that the safety of automobile driving caused by the automobile fluid-solid coupling problem is more and more serious. When the automobile runs at high speed, aerodynamic force and aerodynamic moment acting on the automobile can be increased rapidly under the action of strong crosswind, and the running safety is affected. Research results show that the wind tunnel test environment is different from the real road environment. The standard SAE J2071 recommends turbulence levels in wind tunnel laboratories less than 0.5%, whereas the actual road turbulence levels are typically greater than 2%, on average 5%, and at most 10-20%. Whether different results of resistance reduction optimization obtained by road turbulence analysis are considered is usually to overestimate the effects of some resistance reduction methods or pneumatic components in wind tunnel tests under the condition of low turbulence. Therefore, the turbulence of the wind tunnel is infinitely close to the real road condition, and a more accurate result can be obtained. Meanwhile, when the wind tunnel is used for researching the fluid-solid coupling problem, different crosswinds, such as step, sine crosswind and the like, need to be analyzed. However, the existing wind tunnel adopts a mode of deflecting a test section automobile by an angle and simulating crosswind. Therefore, the mode of carrying out a certain turning angle on the test section can only test the crosswind condition with a certain value, and cannot meet the continuously changing crosswind under the actual form working condition.
Chinese patent document CN209446253U discloses an electric adjustable supporting device for automobile wind tunnel test model, which comprises: a support frame; the two ends of the guide rail are provided with two parallel bulges, the side surface of the guide rail is provided with a groove, and the guide rail is fixed on the support frame along the axial direction of the support frame; the motor is fixedly connected with the bulge at the lower end of the guide rail; the lead screw is rotatably supported between the two bulges of the guide rail; the center of the supporting seat is provided with a through hole which is sleeved on the lead screw; the screw nut is fixed on the upper surface or the lower surface of the support seat and is in threaded fit with the screw; a locking nut disposed within the groove and movable along the groove; the spring piece is fixed on the side surface of the locking nut and semi-surrounds the locking nut in an arc shape; and the U-shaped bracket is fixed on the lower surface or the upper surface of the supporting seat, and the overhanging end is provided with a through hole. The utility model has the characteristics of high electrical control, accurate regulation, extensive applicability etc.
Chinese patent document CN109141804A discloses a locking mechanism for a wind tunnel balance bar of an automobile, which includes: the fixed sleeve is provided with a base fixedly connected with the fixed sleeve; the piston is arranged in the fixed sleeve, a locking sleeve fixedly connected with the piston is arranged on the piston, and a guide groove is formed in the locking sleeve; a spring disposed between the piston and the base; the compressed gas channel is formed in the fixed sleeve, and the piston can move relative to the fixed sleeve under the pushing of compressed gas; the spherical calipers are provided with fixing pins fixedly connected with the spherical calipers, the spherical calipers swing around a swing shaft fixed on the base, and the fixing pins are guided in the guide grooves; when compressed gas is loaded through the compressed gas channel, the piston drives the fixing pin through the guide groove of the locking sleeve, and the spherical calipers swing around the swing shaft to enter an unlocking state; when the compressed gas is unloaded through the compressed gas channel, the piston drives the fixing pin through the guide groove of the locking sleeve, and the spherical calipers swing around the swing shaft to enter a locking state.
According to the description of the patent documents, the existing automobile wind tunnel patent bodies in China at present lack a side wind changing device suitable for simulating fluid-solid coupling tests in terms of an automobile test platform or an automobile wind tunnel balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a variable crosswind device for a fluid-solid coupling test of an automobile model, which simulates crosswind in real time by additionally arranging a guide plate at a wind tunnel opening and simulates the real road condition to the maximum extent by matching the guide plate with a worm wheel, a worm and a rack.
The invention also aims to design and develop a test method of the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling test of the automobile model, and the angle of the guide plate and the incoming flow speed of the wind tunnel are changed according to different crosswind conditions required by different tests, so that the requirements of the vehicle speed and the crosswind speed are met.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a variable crosswind device for an automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment comprises:
a drive motor; and
the worm is connected with the power output end of the driving motor;
the worm gear comprises a first gear and a second gear which are coaxially arranged, the first gear is meshed with the worm, and the lead angle of the worm is smaller than the equivalent friction angle between teeth of meshed gears;
a first rack engaged with the second gear;
a first rack slider which is slidable relative to the first rack;
the second rack sliding block is symmetrically arranged with the first rack sliding block at intervals;
the second rack is arranged on the second rack sliding block in a sliding mode, and the second rack and the first rack are arranged in parallel at intervals;
a plurality of third gears simultaneously engaged with the first rack;
a plurality of fourth gears which are simultaneously meshed with the second rack, and the fourth gears are respectively arranged with the third gears in a one-to-one symmetrical interval manner;
and the guide plates are respectively and correspondingly fixed between the third gear and the fourth gear.
Preferably, a plurality of gear stoppers are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the third gear and the fourth gear.
Preferably, the number of the first rack slider is 2.
Preferably, the number of the second rack slider is 2.
Preferably, the number of the baffles is 2.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
an angular displacement sensor disposed on the first gear;
and the motor controller is arranged on the driving motor and is connected with the angular displacement sensor and the driving motor.
A test method of a variable crosswind device for an automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment uses the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, enabling the corner of the guide plate to return to zero;
step 2, starting a wind tunnel device, and setting the initial wind tunnel incoming flow speed as a vehicle speed until the flow field is stable;
step 3, adjusting the turning angle of the guide plate and the wind tunnel incoming flow speed according to the side wind speed and the vehicle speed:
θ＝arctanU/V；
in the formula, theta is the corner of the guide plate, U is the side wind speed, V is the vehicle speed, and U is the wind tunnel incoming flow speed.
Preferably, when the crosswind is a linear crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies:
U＝kt；
in the formula, t is the time when the flow field reaches stability, and k is the derivative of the time when the cross wind speed reaches the stability of the flow field;
when the crosswind is the sine crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies the following conditions:
U＝Asint；
where A is the derivative of the sine of the crosswind speed with respect to time.
Preferably, when the turning angle in the step 1 is zero, the direction of the guide plate is parallel to the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment, the guide plate is additionally arranged at the wind tunnel opening, crosswind is simulated in real time, and real road condition conditions are simulated to the maximum extent through the cooperation of the guide plate and the worm gear, so that the accuracy of a wind tunnel experiment is improved, and the efficiency of the vehicle wind tunnel experiment is improved.
According to the test method of the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling test of the automobile model, the angle of the guide plate and the incoming flow speed of the wind tunnel are changed according to different crosswind conditions required by different tests, so that the requirements of the speed of the automobile and the crosswind speed are met, and the test accuracy is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view structure diagram of a variable crosswind device for an automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic rear view structure diagram of the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling experiment of the automobile model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the driving device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the worm wheel of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an assembly structure of the worm wheel and the driving device according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the rack according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a third gear according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the third gear and the baffle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the overall structure of the present invention is schematically illustrated, and the present invention includes: the wind tunnel air flow guiding device comprises a driving motor 110, a motor controller 111, a worm 120, a worm wheel 130, a first rack 140, a first rack slider 141, a second rack slider 171, a second rack 170 and at least two air guiding devices (not marked in the figure), wherein as shown in fig. 3, the worm 120 is connected to an output shaft of the driving motor 110, and the driving motor 110 can be installed at any position which does not influence a flow field; a motor controller 111 is disposed between the driving motor 110 and the worm 120, and is configured to control the driving motor 110; the worm 120 is meshed with the worm wheel 130, the worm wheel 130 is meshed with the first rack 140, the first rack 140 is fixed on the outer side of the wind tunnel opening through a first rack slider 141, the first rack 140 and the first rack slider 141 are arranged in a sliding manner, and a plurality of first rack sliders 141 can be arranged according to the length of the first rack 140 to ensure the movement track of the racks; the second rack 170 is parallel to the first rack 140 through a second rack slider 171, the second rack 170 and the second rack slider 171 are slidably arranged, the flow guide devices are meshed between the first rack 140 and the second rack 170, the flow guide devices are mounted at an inlet of the wind tunnel, and the driving motor 110 is controlled by the motor controller 111 according to different crosswind conditions required by different tests, so that the angle and the speed of the crosswind are adjusted by changing the angle of the flow guide devices.
As shown in fig. 4, the worm wheel 130 includes a first gear 131 and a second gear 132 which are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the first gear 131 is smaller than that of the second gear 132, as shown in fig. 5, the first gear 131 is engaged with the worm 120, and the lead angle of the worm 120 is smaller than the equivalent friction angle between the teeth of the engaged gears, i.e. self-locking between the worm 120 and the worm wheel 130 can be achieved, which effectively prevents the deflector from being deflected by an excessively strong crosswind; the second gear 132 is engaged with the first rack 140; an angular displacement sensor is provided on the first gear 131 to detect a rotation angle of the worm wheel 130, and is connected to the motor controller 111.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic structural diagram of the first rack 140, the first rack 140 and the second rack 170 have the same structure, the first rack slider 141 and the second rack slider 171 have the same structure, the first rack 140 has two symmetrically disposed grooves, the first rack slider 141 is engaged in the grooves, the first rack slider 141 is fixed outside the wind tunnel opening, and the first rack 140 is slidably disposed on the first rack slider 141 through the grooves.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the flow guide device includes: the air conditioner comprises a third gear 150, two gear limiters 160, a fourth gear 180 and a deflector 190, wherein the third gear 150 is meshed with the first rack 140, the fourth gear 180 is meshed with the second rack 170, the deflector 190 is fixed between the third gear 150 and the fourth gear 180, the deflector 190 is perpendicular to the first rack 140, the two gear limiters 160 are respectively arranged on the third gear 150 and the fourth gear 180, and the two gear limiters 160 play a role in fixing the third gear 150 and the fourth gear 180, so that the third gear 150 and the fourth gear 180 are prevented from being disengaged or not well meshed with the first rack 140 and the second rack 170.
The working process of the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling experiment of the automobile model comprises the following steps:
when crosswind simulation is performed, the driving motor 110 drives the worm 120 to rotate, the worm 120 is in meshing transmission with the worm wheel 130, the worm wheel 130 is in meshing transmission with power to the first rack 140, the first rack 140 slides on the first rack slider 141, the first rack 140 drives the third gear 150 to rotate, the fourth gear 180 rotates on the second rack 170, and therefore the guide plate 190 is driven to deflect by a certain angle, and the guide plate 190 can divide incoming crosswind into two parts to achieve variable crosswind.
According to the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment, the guide plate is additionally arranged at the wind tunnel opening, crosswind is simulated in real time, and real road condition conditions are simulated to the maximum extent through the cooperation of the guide plate and the worm gear, so that the accuracy of a wind tunnel experiment is improved, and the efficiency of the vehicle wind tunnel experiment is improved.
The invention provides a control method of a variable crosswind device for a fluid-solid coupling experiment of an automobile model, which uses the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling experiment of the automobile model and comprises the following steps:
step 1, transmitting the current corner of the guide plate 190 to a motor controller 111 through an angular displacement sensor, and controlling the corner of the guide plate 190 to return to zero by the motor controller 111;
the wind tunnel incoming flow firstly passes through the guide plate 190, then passes through the first rack 140 and the second rack 170, the direction of the guide plate 190 is parallel to the direction of the wind tunnel incoming flow when the turning angle is zero, the turning angle is positive when the guide plate 190 rotates clockwise, the turning angle is negative when the guide plate 190 rotates anticlockwise, and if the turning angle is positive, the motor controller 111 controls the driving motor 110 to rotate reversely so as to enable the turning angle to return to zero; if the rotation angle is negative, the motor controller 111 controls the driving motor 110 to rotate forward;
step 2, starting the wind tunnel device, setting the initial wind tunnel incoming flow speed as a preset vehicle speed, slowly increasing the incoming flow speed of the wind tunnel device, keeping the incoming flow speed stable after the vehicle speed is reached, namely, enabling the flow field to be stable, and performing a fluid-solid coupling crosswind simulation test;
step 3, adjusting the incoming flow speed of the corners and the wind tunnel of the guide plate according to the side wind speed and the vehicle speed, and controlling the incoming flow speed of the corners and the wind tunnel of the guide plate to ensure that the vehicle speed and the side wind speed meet the requirements, wherein the incoming flow speed of the corners and the wind tunnel of the guide plate meets the requirements:
θ＝arctanU/V；
in the formula, theta is the corner of the guide plate, U is the side wind speed, V is the vehicle speed, and U is the wind tunnel incoming flow speed.
The crosswind speed and the vehicle speed are monitored and set through a wind tunnel control device, and crosswind mainly comprises the following types: the constant cross wind and the time-varying cross wind are divided into step cross wind, linear cross wind and sinusoidal cross wind, and the control processes of the different types of cross wind are different.
When the crosswind type is constant crosswind, the control of the crosswind can be realized by changing the angle of the guide vane through the motor controller 111;
the time-varying crosswind needs to establish a turning angle and a time function of the guide vane, adjust the turning angle of the guide vane in real time, ensure that the crosswind component of the incoming flow is of a required type, and ensure that the speed of the vehicle is constant:
when the type of the crosswind is step crosswind, the step crosswind is a special form of constant crosswind, and only different crosswind speeds are required to be brought in at the speed step moment;
when the crosswind type is linear crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies:
U＝kt；
in the formula, t is the time when the flow field reaches stability, and k is the derivative of the time when the cross wind speed reaches the stability of the flow field;
when the crosswind type is the sine crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies the following conditions:
U＝Asint；
where A is the derivative of the sine of the crosswind speed with respect to time.
In another embodiment, the angle of the guide plate is firstly reset to zero, when the preset vehicle speed is set to be 30m/s, the transfer device is started, the initial wind tunnel incoming flow speed is set to be the preset vehicle speed, the wind tunnel device incoming flow speed slowly rises to reach 30m/s and is kept stable, the time is 10s, a fluid-solid coupling crosswind simulation test is carried out, the crosswind type is linear crosswind, the crosswind speed is U-kt-30 m/s, and the wind tunnel incoming flow speed is changed according to the crosswind speed and the vehicle speed
Because the wind tunnel incoming flow velocity changes along with the test time, the function of the wind tunnel incoming flow velocity and the test time is introduced into a wind tunnel flow velocity control systemAnd controlling the incoming flow speed of the wind tunnel to change from 30m/s to 42.4m/s in the linear crosswind test process of 0-10 s. And simultaneously, the corner of the guide plate is calculated according to a vector synthesis principle, the corner of the guide plate is theta-arctanU/V-45 degrees during linear side wind, namely the corner of the guide plate 190 is controlled by the motor controller 111 to change between 0 and 45 degrees within 0 to 10 seconds in a fluid-solid coupling side wind simulation test, so that the aim of simulating the real side wind working condition is fulfilled.
According to the test method of the variable crosswind device for the fluid-solid coupling test of the automobile model, the angle of the guide plate and the incoming flow speed of the wind tunnel are changed according to different crosswind conditions required by different tests, so that the requirements of the speed of the automobile and the crosswind speed are met, and the test accuracy is improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor with which the invention may be practiced, and further modifications may readily be effected therein by those skilled in the art, without departing from the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents, which are not limited to the details given herein and the examples shown and described herein.
Claims (9)
1. A variable crosswind device for an automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment is characterized by comprising:
a drive motor; and
the worm is connected with the power output end of the driving motor;
the worm gear comprises a first gear and a second gear which are coaxially arranged, the first gear is meshed with the worm, and the lead angle of the worm is smaller than the equivalent friction angle between teeth of meshed gears;
a first rack engaged with the second gear;
a first rack slider which is slidable relative to the first rack;
the second rack sliding block is symmetrically arranged with the first rack sliding block at intervals;
the second rack is arranged on the second rack sliding block in a sliding mode, and the second rack and the first rack are arranged in parallel at intervals;
a plurality of third gears simultaneously engaged with the first rack;
a plurality of fourth gears which are simultaneously meshed with the second rack, and the fourth gears are respectively arranged with the third gears in a one-to-one symmetrical interval manner;
and the guide plates are respectively and correspondingly fixed between the third gear and the fourth gear.
2. The variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
and the gear limiters are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the third gear and the fourth gear.
3. The variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment as claimed in claim 2, wherein 2 first rack sliders are provided.
4. The variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment as claimed in claim 3, wherein 2 second rack sliders are provided.
5. The variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the guide plates is 2.
6. The variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
an angular displacement sensor disposed on the first gear;
and the motor controller is arranged on the driving motor and is connected with the angular displacement sensor and the driving motor.
7. A test method of a variable crosswind device for a model fluid-solid coupling experiment of an automobile is characterized in that the variable crosswind device for the model fluid-solid coupling experiment of the automobile according to claims 1-6 is used, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, enabling the corner of the guide plate to return to zero;
step 2, starting a wind tunnel device, and setting the initial wind tunnel incoming flow speed as a vehicle speed until a flow field is stable;
step 3, adjusting the turning angle of the guide plate and the wind tunnel incoming flow speed according to the side wind speed and the vehicle speed:
θ＝arctanU/V；
in the formula, theta is the corner of the guide plate, U is the side wind speed, V is the vehicle speed, and U is the wind tunnel incoming flow speed.
8. The test method of the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-structure interaction test as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the crosswind is a linear crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies:
U＝kt；
in the formula, t is the time when the flow field reaches stability, and k is the derivative of the time when the cross wind speed reaches the stability of the flow field;
when the crosswind is the sine crosswind, the crosswind speed satisfies the following conditions:
U＝Asint；
where A is the derivative of the sine of the crosswind speed with respect to time.
9. The method for testing the variable crosswind device for the automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment according to claim 7, wherein when the turning angle in the step 1 is zero, the direction of the guide plate is parallel to the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010571478.5A CN111579201A (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Variable crosswind device for automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment and test method thereof |
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| CN202010571478.5A CN111579201A (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2020-06-22 | Variable crosswind device for automobile model fluid-solid coupling experiment and test method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |