CN111578984A - System for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold region - Google Patents
System for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to a steel structure stress state monitoring system for a full life cycle of a station house in a severe cold region, which comprises a monitoring part, a calculation processing part and an early warning evaluation part, wherein the monitoring part is used for monitoring the stress state of the steel structure in the full life cycle of the station house in the severe cold region; the monitoring content of the monitoring part comprises structural stress and strain monitoring, wind power monitoring and structural temperature monitoring; the inside of the calculation processing part comprises a receiver for receiving data, a singlechip for processing the data and a correction module for correcting the data; the early warning evaluation part comprises a reliability analysis module, a reliability evaluation module and a life cycle analysis module, and output ports of the reliability evaluation module and the life cycle analysis module are commonly connected with the early warning module; the invention can greatly improve the precision of monitoring data, can better monitor the stress condition of the steel structure of the station house, takes the effect of temperature load under the actual condition into consideration, and better simulates the actual stress condition; meanwhile, the reconstruction precision of the missing data can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to a system for monitoring stress states of a steel structure of a station house in a severe cold region in a full life cycle.
Background
Since the 21 st century, various scientific technologies have been rapidly developed, and people have increasingly demanded large public building structures such as airports, station houses, gymnasiums, museums and the like, so that the steel structures are rapidly developed, the structural types and the spatial layouts of large-span spatial structures are gradually diversified, and design theories and construction technologies of the large-span spatial structures are developed to different degrees. Although the spatial structure with larger span has unique advantages in terms of force, the spatial structure is more complex, and the safety problem still needs special attention.
In the case of a safety accident of a steel structure, for example, instability and overstrain due to improper construction and connection
The damage caused by the concentration of forces, etc. is a certain percentage. No matter in the construction process or when the final structure is normally used, the correctness and the reliability of the structural component are important guarantees for normal bearing of the steel structure, and once the structural component has problems, particularly the structure in the middle of construction has problems, the safety and the integral stress performance of the structure can be directly endangered. Therefore, for example, it is very important to monitor the steel structure of the large-span station house at the construction, use and disassembly stages, grasp the stress conditions of each stage, and monitor and evaluate the safety of the steel structure.
The general severe cold area refers to the area with the average temperature of the coldest month less than or equal to-10 ℃ or the day number of the average temperature of the day less than or equal to 5 ℃ more than or equal to 145 days in China, when a station house is positioned in the severe cold area, the steel structure material generates temperature stress due to thermal expansion and cold contraction, the stress state of the structure can be influenced, the temperature effect is very obvious for a large-span space structure, for a hyperstatic structure, due to the constraint effect of the structure, the shrinkage or expansion of the structure caused by temperature change can not be completely and freely carried out or carried out, and therefore, the strain caused by temperature occupies a more important position in the strain of a measured point. Then, the stress monitoring in the prior art usually only considers the influence of external load on the stress of the steel structure and neglects the influence of temperature on the stress, or only studies the change of the internal stress of the steel structure under the constant temperature condition, thereby causing larger errors of stress monitoring data.
In addition, in the prior art, factors such as sensor failure, energy interruption, communication failure, accidental damage and the like can cause incorrect data to be obtained, and even cause data loss. Even if the durability and the reliability of the sensing equipment are continuously improved and the equipment is ensured to be maintained in time as much as possible, the integrity and the accuracy of the monitored data cannot be completely ensured, and more or less data loss phenomena always exist in a data sequence. This will affect the subsequent structural analysis and state evaluation, and may even fail to accurately grasp the true stress law of the component and the actual working state of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a friction model modeling and friction torque compensation method based on a 5G and a cyclic neural network, aiming at the problems that when a station house is positioned in a severe cold area, a steel structure material generates temperature stress due to expansion with heat and contraction with cold, the stress state of a structure is influenced, so that larger errors occur in stress monitoring data, and incorrect data can be obtained even data is lost due to factors such as sensor failure, energy interruption, communication failure and accidental damage.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a steel structure stress state monitoring system for a full life cycle of a station house in a severe cold region comprises a monitoring part, a calculation processing part and an early warning evaluation part;
the monitoring content of the monitoring part comprises structural stress-strain monitoring, wind power monitoring and structural temperature monitoring, wherein the structural stress-strain monitoring adopts a vibrating string type strain gauge, the vibrating string type strain gauge is stretched between two end blocks by using a steel string with a certain length, the end blocks are firmly arranged on the surface of a measured object, the deformation of the measured object enables the two end blocks to relatively move and causes the stretching change of the steel string, and the change of the tension enables the change of the resonance frequency of the steel string to measure the deformation of the structure; the wind power monitoring utilizes a mechanical propeller type anemometer to measure the wind speed around the station house, and the structural temperature monitoring utilizes a digital temperature sensor to measure the temperature of a monitoring point; the monitoring part also comprises an amplifier for amplifying analog signals of stress, temperature and wind speed, an A/D converter for converting the analog signals into electric signals, a data storage module for collecting and storing online dynamic data and a transmitter for transmitting the data; the measuring point arrangement condition of the monitoring part in the station house steel structure is as follows: (1) selecting 30-50 monitoring points comprising steel pull rods, chord members and diagonal web members on the steel structure main truss, wherein two vibrating wire strain gauges are arranged at the monitoring points on the rod members affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment, and the two vibrating wire strain gauges are respectively positioned on the bottom surface and the side surface of the monitoring points affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment; (2) selecting 1-3 positions of the roof of the station building, and arranging mechanical propeller type anemometers, wherein the heights of all the mechanical propeller type anemometers are the same; (3) the arrangement of the digital temperature sensor and the arrangement of the vibrating wire strain gauge can be assembled together;
the inside of the calculation processing part comprises a receiver for receiving data, a singlechip for processing the data and a correction module for correcting the data; the input port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the transmitter through a wireless network, the output port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the singlechip, and the output port of the singlechip is connected with the input port of the correction module; the single chip microcomputer can also filter out discrete and uncertain data of geometric parameters in a monitoring system and external random loads.
The early warning evaluation part comprises a reliability analysis module, a reliability evaluation module and a life cycle analysis module, wherein output ports of the reliability evaluation module and the life cycle analysis module are commonly connected with the early warning module, and the output ports of the early warning module are respectively connected with a technician receiving end and an intelligent terminal.
As a further improvement of the scheme, strong correlation exists between the temperature monitored by the digital temperature sensor and the stress of the steel structure material of the station house, the temperature is taken as an independent variable, the stress of the steel structure material of the station house is taken as a dependent variable, linear fitting is carried out on the temperature and stress data of the measuring point, and the relationship between the temperature and the stress of the steel structure material of the station house can be regarded as linear; the temperature and the stress of the measuring point of the diagonal web member are in positive correlation, and the linear coefficient is recorded as k1(ii) a The temperature and the stress of the steel pull rod measuring point and the chord member measuring point are in negative correlation, and the linear coefficients are respectively recorded as k2And k3。
As a further improvement to the above solution, when the vibrating wire strain gauge is welded on the surface of the measured member and the surface of the measured member is kept at a constant temperature, the vibrating wire strain gauge and the measured member are synchronously stressed and deformed, and the relationship between the steel wire resonance frequency and the steel wire tension is as follows:
wherein f is the resonance frequency of the steel string, L is the length of the steel string, T is the tension of the steel string, and M is the mass per unit length of the steel string;
assuming that the stress of the steel string is σ, the sectional area is S, the length variation is Δ L, and the elastic modulus of the material is E, T ═ S σ, σ ═ E (Δ L/L) are given, and they are substituted into the formula (1) to obtain:
wherein rho is the bulk density of the steel string, the strain value of the steel string and the strain value of the rod piece to be measured; before use, the vibrating wire strain gauge can pass through pressureCalibrating the machine to obtain multiple groups of data points of frequency f and strain, and fitting the obtained data points into S-f2Linear expression, during monitoring, according to S-f2A linear expression for converting the frequency value obtained by monitoring into a strain value so as to obtain the stress value sigma of the rod pieceMeasuring。
As a further improvement to the above solution, the correction module performs correction of the stress monitored by the vibrating wire strain gauge, and needs to take into account the temperature-to-steel structure material stress factor, that is, the stress σ ═ σ of the diagonal web memberMeasuring+k1ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ ═ σ for steel tie rodsMeasuring+k2ΔT＝σMeasuring+k2(Tn-T0) Stress σ for chordMeasuring+k3ΔT＝σMeasuring+k3(Tn-T0) Wherein k is1Greater than 0, k2And k3Are all less than 0.
As a further improvement to the above solution, when the stress data of the structural stress-strain monitoring is missing, a multiple interpolation method may be used to compensate the data, and the specific process of the multiple interpolation method is as follows: let sigmamData missing of (2), first calculate σm+1And σm-1Then the unit average difference between them, i.e. delta sigma1＝1/2(σm+1-σm-1) Then calculating σm+3And σm+1Difference of and, σm-1And σm-3Then, the unit average difference between the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2＝1/2(σm+3-σm+1)，Δσ3＝1/2(σm-1-σm-3) And repeating the above steps until the sigma is obtainedm+nAnd σm+n-2Difference of and, σm-nAnd σm-nThen, the unit average difference of the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2n＝1/2(σm+n-σm+m-2)，Δσ2n＝1＝1/2(σm-n-σm-n-2) Calculating an estimated average difference of
Then, sigma is estimatedmA value of (i), i.e.
As a further improvement to the above solution, when the structural stress-strain monitoring stress data is missing, a symmetrical measurement method or an exchange method may also be used, wherein the specific process of the symmetrical measurement method is as follows: when sigma ismCorresponding monitor point and sigmapWhen the corresponding monitoring points are symmetrical about the central axis of the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamAvailable sigmapMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σp(ii) a The exchange method comprises the following specific processes: if a plurality of structures which are identical and are circularly and repeatedly arranged exist in the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamThe stress value sigma of the next same structure and the same monitoring point can be utilizedqMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σq。
As a further improvement of the scheme, the mechanical propeller type anemoscope has the detection wind speed range of 0-60 m/s, the wind speed precision of +/-0.5 m/s, the wind direction range of 0-360 degrees, the wind direction precision of +/-2 degrees and the working temperature range of-20-55 ℃.
As a further improvement to the above solution, the reliability analysis module is used for analyzing the failure mode of the steel member, then determining the limit state of the steel member, and then determining the limit load of the steel member according to the limit state; the reliability evaluation module can calculate the effective probability, the reliability and the reliability index.
As a further improvement to the scheme, the temperature measuring range of the digital temperature sensor is-50 ℃ to 120 ℃, and the increment is 0.1 ℃.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the intelligent terminal is used for receiving the danger early warning information, and the intelligent terminal is any one or more of a smart phone, a tablet computer, a smart watch, and a smart bracelet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, because the monitored object is a station house in a severe cold area, the factor of temperature to the stress of a steel structure material needs to be taken into consideration, and the correction module in the system is used for correcting the stress monitored by the vibrating string type strain gauge; the temperature is used as an independent variable, the stress of the steel structure material of the station house is used as a dependent variable, linear fitting is carried out on the temperature and stress data of the measuring points, the relation between the temperature and the stress of the steel structure material of the station house can be regarded as linear, an error value can be obtained, and the error value is added to the monitoring result of the vibrating wire strain gauge of the monitoring point at the previous position, so that the precision of the monitoring data can be greatly improved, and the stress condition of the steel structure of the station house can be better monitored. Therefore, the effect of the temperature load is actually considered according to the engineering progress during theoretical calculation, and the actual stress condition is well simulated.
2. Aiming at the condition that stress data is missing, a re-interpolation method can be used for compensating data for an area with concentrated monitoring points, the re-interpolation method firstly uses a plurality of monitoring points on the left side and the right side of the monitoring points of the missing data in sequence as a data set, then uses the unit average difference between two adjacent monitoring points, then adds the unit average differences in an accumulated mode to obtain the unit average difference of the units, and then uses the stress value of the previous monitoring point and the unit average difference to obtain the missing data, so that the reconstruction accuracy of the missing data can be improved, and the reconstruction accuracy is higher along with the increase of the number of related measuring points; when data of a far monitoring point is missing, a symmetrical measurement method or an exchange method can be used, and the specific process of the symmetrical measurement method is as follows: when sigma ismCorresponding monitor point and sigmapWhen the corresponding monitoring points are symmetrical about the central axis of the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamAvailable sigmapCarrying out replacement; the exchange method comprises the following specific processes: if a plurality of structures which are identical and are circularly and repeatedly arranged exist in the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamThe next same monitoring point with the same structure can be utilizedStress value σ ofqMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σq。
3. The monitoring system integrates the monitoring part, the calculation processing part and the early warning evaluation part into a whole, and can judge the working state of the steel structure of the station house through a limited number of sensors; the position of the structural damage, the degree of the damage and the time for the damage to occur can be automatically determined by measuring a limited number of damage indexes on the structure; and automatically evaluating the safety performance of the current structure according to the actual working state and the monitored damage condition of the structure and a related structure safety evaluation theory, and sending an alarm signal if the monitored value exceeds an initially set early warning value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system control flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibrating wire strain gauge according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of all steel structures and monitoring points of the station house according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stress parameter changes before and after modification in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of multiple interpolation methods to compensate data according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
A steel structure stress state monitoring system for a full life cycle of a station house in a severe cold region is shown in figure 1 and comprises a monitoring part, a calculation processing part and an early warning evaluation part;
the monitoring content of the monitoring part comprises structural stress-strain monitoring, wind power monitoring and structural temperature monitoring, wherein the structural stress-strain monitoring adopts a vibrating wire strain gauge, the vibrating wire strain gauge is stretched between two end blocks by using a steel wire with a certain length, the end blocks are firmly arranged on the surface of a measured object, the deformation of the measured object enables the two end blocks to relatively move and causes the stretching change of the steel wire, the change of the tension changes the resonance frequency of the steel wire to measure the deformation of the structure, and the structure of the vibrating wire strain gauge can refer to the figure 2; wind power monitoring is realized by measuring the wind speed around a station house by using a mechanical propeller type anemometer, the mechanical propeller type anemometer detects the wind speed within the range of 0-60 m/s, the wind speed precision is +/-0.5 m/s, the wind direction range is 0-360 degrees, the wind direction precision is +/-2 degrees, the working temperature range of the anemometer is-20-55 ℃, and the wind speed around the station house is the average value of the wind speeds measured by all the mechanical propeller type anemometers; the structure temperature monitoring is to measure the temperature of a monitoring point by using a digital temperature sensor, wherein the temperature measuring range of the digital temperature sensor is-50-120 ℃, and the increment is 0.1 ℃; the monitoring part also comprises an amplifier for amplifying analog signals of stress, temperature and wind speed, an A/D converter for converting the analog signals into electric signals, a data storage module for collecting and storing online dynamic data and a transmitter for transmitting the data;
the inside of the calculation processing part comprises a receiver for receiving data, a singlechip for processing the data and a correction module for correcting the data; the input port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the transmitter through a wireless network, the output port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the singlechip, and the output port of the singlechip is connected with the input port of the correction module; the single chip microcomputer can also filter out discrete and uncertain data of geometric parameters in the monitoring system and external random loads.
The early warning assessment part comprises a reliability analysis module, a reliability evaluation module and a life cycle analysis module, wherein output ports of the reliability evaluation module and the life cycle analysis module are commonly connected with the early warning module, the output port of the early warning module is respectively connected with a technician receiving end and an intelligent terminal, the intelligent terminal is used for receiving danger early warning information, and the intelligent terminal is any one or more of an intelligent mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, an intelligent watch and an intelligent bracelet, so that people can be informed in advance, and the casualty rate of accidents is reduced. The reliability analysis module is used for analyzing the failure mode of the steel member, determining the limit state of the steel member and determining the limit load of the steel member according to the limit state; the reliability evaluation module can calculate the effective probability, the reliability and the reliability index.
Wherein, the measuring point arrangement accords with the following conditions: (1) the measuring points are arranged on the rods with larger stress on the truss; such as steel tie rods, chord members, diagonal web members, etc. in the truss; (2) the economical efficiency, the rationality and the convenience of field test of the measuring point position should be comprehensively considered when the measuring point position is selected; (3) judging a stress mode of a rod piece selected by a measuring point, dividing the stress mode of the rod piece into two modes, namely, the stress mode is only acted by an axial force and the double action of the axial force and a bending moment, arranging one strain gauge for the measuring point only acted by the axial force, and arranging two strain gauges for the measuring point acted by the axial force and the bending moment; (4) the arrangement position of the measuring points should preferentially select an area with relatively small construction interference, such as a main truss diagonal web member; (5) the measuring points should avoid the welding area of the steel structure. As shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement of the measuring points of the monitoring part in the steel structure of the station house is as follows: (1) selecting 30-50 monitoring points comprising steel pull rods, chord members and diagonal web members on the steel structure main truss, wherein two vibrating wire strain gauges are arranged at the monitoring points on the rod members affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment, and the two vibrating wire strain gauges are respectively positioned on the bottom surface and the side surface of the monitoring points affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment; (2) selecting 1-3 positions of the roof of the station building and arranging a mechanical propeller type anemoscope; (3) the arrangement of the digital temperature sensor and the arrangement of the vibrating wire strain gauge can be assembled together.
The system comprises a digital temperature sensor, a station house steel structure material, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a data processing unit, wherein the temperature monitored by the digital temperature sensor has strong correlation with the stress of the station house steel structure material, the temperature is used as an independent variable, the stress of the station house steel structure material is used as a dependent variable, the temperature and stress data of a measuring point are subjected to linear fitting, and the relationship between the temperature and the stress of the station; the temperature and the stress of the measuring point of the diagonal web member are in positive correlation, and the linear coefficient is recorded as k1(ii) a The temperature and the stress of the steel pull rod measuring point and the chord member measuring point are in negative correlation, and the linear coefficients are respectively recorded as k2And k3. The vibrating wire strain gauge is welded on the surface of the measured member, and when the surface of the measured member is kept at a constant temperature, the vibrating wire strain gauge and the measured member are synchronously stressed and deformed, and the relation between the steel wire resonance frequency and the steel wire tension is as follows:
wherein f is the resonance frequency of the steel string, L is the length of the steel string, T is the tension of the steel string, and M is the mass per unit length of the steel string;
assuming that the stress of the steel string is σ, the sectional area is S, the length variation is Δ L, and the elastic modulus of the material is E, T ═ S σ, σ ═ E (Δ L/L) are given, and they are substituted into the formula (1) to obtain:
wherein rho is the bulk density of the steel string, the strain value of the steel string and the strain value of the rod piece to be measured; before the vibrating wire strain gauge is used, a press machine can be used for calibrating to obtain a plurality of groups of frequency f and strain data points, and the obtained data points are fitted into S-f2Linear expression, during monitoring, according to S-f2A linear expression for converting the frequency value obtained by monitoring into a strain value so as to obtain the stress value sigma of the rod pieceMeasuring。
The correction module performs correction on the stress monitored by the vibrating wire strain gauge, and the temperature is required to be adjusted to the steel structural materialTaking into account the material stress factor, i.e. stress sigma to diagonal web memberMeasuring+k1ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ ═ σ for steel tie rodsMeasuring+k2ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ for chordMeasuring+k3ΔT＝σMeasuring+k3(Tn-T0) Wherein k is1Greater than 0, k2And k3Are all less than 0.
As shown in fig. 5, when the stress data of the structure stress-strain monitoring is missing, a multiple interpolation method can be used to compensate the data, and the specific process of the multiple interpolation method is as follows: let sigmamData missing of (2), first calculate σm+1And σm-1Then the unit average difference between them, i.e. delta sigma1＝1/2(σm+1-σm-1) Then calculating σm+3And σm+1Difference of and, σm-1And σm-3Then, the unit average difference between the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2＝1/2(σm+3-σm+1)，Δσ3＝1/2(σm-1-σm-3) And repeating the above steps until the sigma is obtainedm+nAnd σm+n-2Difference of and, σm-nAnd σm-nThen, the unit average difference of the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2n＝1/2(σm+n-σm+m-2)，Δσ2n＝1＝1/2(σm-n-σm-n-2) Calculating an estimated average difference of
Then, sigma is estimatedmA value of (a)m＝σm-1+Δσ。
When the loss of stress data from structural stress strain monitoring occurs, symmetry measurements or exchange methods may also be used,the specific process of the symmetrical measurement method is as follows: when sigma ismCorresponding monitor point and sigmapWhen the corresponding monitoring points are symmetrical about the central axis of the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamAvailable sigmapMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σp(ii) a The exchange method comprises the following specific processes: if a plurality of structures which are identical and are circularly and repeatedly arranged exist in the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamThe stress value sigma of the next same structure and the same monitoring point can be utilizedqMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σq。
One specific application of the invention is:
a steel structure stress state monitoring system for a full life cycle of a station house in a severe cold region is shown in figure 1 and comprises a monitoring part, a calculation processing part and an early warning evaluation part;
the monitoring content of the monitoring part comprises structural stress-strain monitoring, wind power monitoring and structural temperature monitoring, wherein the structural stress-strain monitoring adopts a vibrating wire strain gauge, the vibrating wire strain gauge is stretched between two end blocks by using a steel wire with a certain length, the end blocks are firmly arranged on the surface of a measured object, the deformation of the measured object enables the two end blocks to relatively move and causes the stretching change of the steel wire, the change of the tension changes the resonance frequency of the steel wire to measure the deformation of the structure, and the structure of the vibrating wire strain gauge can refer to the figure 2; wind power monitoring utilizes a mechanical propeller type anemometer to measure the wind speed around a station room, wherein the wind speed around the station room is the average value of the wind speeds measured by all the mechanical propeller type anemometers; the structure temperature monitoring is to measure the temperature of a monitoring point by using a digital temperature sensor; the monitoring part also comprises an amplifier for amplifying analog signals of stress, temperature and wind speed, an A/D converter for converting the analog signals into electric signals, a data storage module for collecting and storing online dynamic data and a transmitter for transmitting the data;
the inside of the calculation processing part comprises a receiver for receiving data, a singlechip for processing the data and a correction module for correcting the data; the input port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the transmitter through a wireless network, the output port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the singlechip, and the output port of the singlechip is connected with the input port of the correction module; the single chip microcomputer can also filter out discrete and uncertain data of geometric parameters in the monitoring system and external random loads.
The early warning evaluation part comprises a reliability analysis module, a reliability evaluation module and a life cycle analysis module, wherein output ports of the reliability evaluation module and the life cycle analysis module are commonly connected with the early warning module, and the output ports of the early warning module are respectively connected with a technician receiving end and an intelligent terminal. The reliability analysis module is used for analyzing the failure mode of the steel member, determining the limit state of the steel member and determining the limit load of the steel member according to the limit state; the reliability evaluation module can calculate the actual effect probability, the reliability and the reliability index; the reliability analysis module can also filter discrete data and uncertain data of geometric parameters in the monitoring system and external random loads. Therefore, the monitoring system integrates the monitoring part, the calculation processing part and the early warning evaluation part into a whole, and can judge the working state of the steel structure of the station house through a limited number of sensors; the position of the structural damage, the degree of the damage and the time for the damage to occur can be automatically determined by measuring a limited number of damage indexes on the structure; and automatically evaluating the safety performance of the current structure according to the actual working state and the monitored damage condition of the structure and a related structure safety evaluation theory, and sending an alarm signal if the monitored value exceeds an initially set early warning value.
The measuring point arrangement condition of the monitoring part in the station house steel structure in the embodiment is as follows: (1) selecting 36 monitoring points comprising steel pull rods, chord members and diagonal web members on the steel structure main truss, wherein two vibrating wire strain gauges are arranged at the monitoring points on the rod members affected by the axial force and the bending moment, and the two vibrating wire strain gauges are respectively positioned on the bottom surface and the side surface of the monitoring points affected by the axial force and the bending moment; (2) selecting 3 positions of the roof of the station house and arranging a mechanical propeller type anemoscope; (3) the arrangement of the digital temperature sensor and the arrangement of the vibrating wire strain gauge can be assembled together.
The system comprises a digital temperature sensor, a station house steel structure material, a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and a data processing unit, wherein the temperature monitored by the digital temperature sensor has strong correlation with the stress of the station house steel structure material, the temperature is used as an independent variable, the stress of the station house steel structure material is used as a dependent variable, the temperature and stress data of a measuring point are subjected to linear fitting, and the relationship between the temperature and the stress of the station; the temperature and the stress of the measuring point of the diagonal web member are in positive correlation, and the linear coefficient is recorded as k1(ii) a The temperature and the stress of the steel pull rod measuring point and the chord member measuring point are in negative correlation, and the linear coefficients are respectively recorded as k2And k3. The vibrating wire strain gauge is welded on the surface of the measured member, and when the surface of the measured member is kept at a constant temperature, the vibrating wire strain gauge and the measured member are synchronously stressed and deformed, and the relation between the steel wire resonance frequency and the steel wire tension is as follows:
wherein f is the resonance frequency of the steel string, L is the length of the steel string, T is the tension of the steel string, and M is the mass per unit length of the steel string;
assuming that the stress of the steel string is σ, the sectional area is S, the length variation is Δ L, and the elastic modulus of the material is E, T ═ S σ, σ ═ E (Δ L/L) are given, and they are substituted into the formula (1) to obtain:
wherein rho is the bulk density of the steel string, the strain value of the steel string and the strain value of the rod piece to be measured; before the vibrating wire strain gauge is used, a press machine can be used for calibrating to obtain a plurality of groups of frequency f and strain data points, and the obtained data points are fitted into S-f2Linear expression, during monitoring, according to S-f2A linear expression for converting the frequency value obtained by monitoring into a strain value so as to obtain the stress value sigma of the rod pieceMeasuring。
The correction module corrects the stress monitored by the vibrating wire strain gauge, and needs to take the temperature into account of the stress of the steel structure material,i.e. stress to the diagonal web member σ ═ σMeasuring+k1ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ ═ σ for steel tie rodsMeasuring+k2ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ for chordMeasuring+k3ΔT＝σMeasuring+k3(Tn-T0) Wherein k is1Greater than 0, k2And k3Are all less than 0.
When the stress of the monitoring points 1-12 is analyzed in the graph of fig. 4, it can be seen from the data in fig. 4 that the temperature and the stress of the diagonal web member measuring point are in positive correlation, so that the measured stress data after correction is larger than the stress data before correction; the temperature and the stress of the steel pull rod measuring point and the chord measuring point are in negative correlation, so that the stress data measured after correction is smaller than the stress data before correction; therefore, the accuracy of the monitoring data can be greatly improved, and the stress condition of the steel structure of the station house can be better monitored. Therefore, the effect of the temperature load is actually considered according to the engineering progress during theoretical calculation, and the actual stress condition is well simulated.
As shown in fig. 5, when the stress data of the structure stress-strain monitoring is missing, a multiple interpolation method can be used to compensate the data, and the specific process of the multiple interpolation method is as follows: let sigmamData missing of (2), first calculate σm+1And σm-1Then the unit average difference between them, i.e. delta sigma1＝1/2(σm+1-σm-1) Then calculating σm+3And σm+1Difference of and, σm-1And σm-3Then, the unit average difference between the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2＝1/2(σm+3-σm+1)，Δσ3＝1/2(σm-1-σm-3) And repeating the above steps until the sigma is obtainedm+nAnd σm+n-2Difference of and, σm-nAnd σm-nThen, the unit average difference of the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2n＝1/2(σm+n-σm+m-2)，Δσ2n＝1＝1/2(σm-n-σm-n-2) Calculating an estimated average difference of
Then, sigma is estimatedmA value of (i), i.e.
Therefore, it can be seen that the missing data can be obtained by using a plurality of monitoring points on the left and right sides of the monitoring point of the sequentially missing data as a data set, then adding the unit average difference between two adjacent monitoring points, then adding the unit average differences, and then adding the unit average difference to the stress value of the previous monitoring point, thereby improving the reconstruction accuracy of the missing data, and the reconstruction accuracy is higher with the increase of the number of the related measuring points.
When data of a far monitoring point is missing, a symmetrical measurement method or an exchange method can be used, wherein the specific process of the symmetrical measurement method is as follows: when sigma ismCorresponding monitor point and sigmapWhen the corresponding monitoring points are symmetrical about the central axis of the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamAvailable sigmapMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σp(ii) a The exchange method comprises the following specific processes: if a plurality of structures which are identical and are circularly and repeatedly arranged exist in the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamThe stress value sigma of the next same structure and the same monitoring point can be utilizedqMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σq。
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A steel structure stress state monitoring system for a full life cycle of a station house in a severe cold region is characterized by comprising a monitoring part, a calculation processing part and an early warning evaluation part;
the monitoring content of the monitoring part comprises structural stress-strain monitoring, wind power monitoring and structural temperature monitoring, wherein the structural stress-strain monitoring adopts a vibrating string type strain gauge, the vibrating string type strain gauge is stretched between two end blocks by using a steel string with a certain length, the end blocks are firmly arranged on the surface of a measured object, the deformation of the measured object enables the two end blocks to relatively move and causes the stretching change of the steel string, and the change of the tension enables the change of the resonance frequency of the steel string to measure the deformation of the structure; the wind power monitoring utilizes a mechanical propeller type anemometer to measure the wind speed around the station house, and the structural temperature monitoring utilizes a digital temperature sensor to measure the temperature of a monitoring point;
the monitoring part also comprises an amplifier for amplifying analog signals of stress, temperature and wind speed, an A/D converter for converting the analog signals into electric signals, a data storage module for collecting and storing online dynamic data and a transmitter for transmitting the data; wherein, the measuring point arrangement condition of the monitoring part in the station house steel structure is as follows: (1) selecting 30-50 monitoring points comprising steel pull rods, chord members and diagonal web members on the steel structure main truss, wherein two vibrating wire strain gauges are arranged at the monitoring points on the rod members affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment, and the two vibrating wire strain gauges are respectively positioned on the bottom surface and the side surface of the monitoring points affected by the double effects of the axial force and the bending moment; (2) selecting 1-3 positions of the roof of the station building, and arranging mechanical propeller type anemometers, wherein the heights of all the mechanical propeller type anemometers are the same; (3) the arrangement of the digital temperature sensor and the arrangement of the vibrating wire strain gauge can be assembled together;
the inside of the calculation processing part comprises a receiver for receiving data, a singlechip for processing the data and a correction module for correcting the data; the input port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the transmitter through a wireless network, the output port of the receiver is connected with the input port of the singlechip, and the output port of the singlechip is connected with the input port of the correction module; the single chip microcomputer can also filter out discrete data and uncertain data of geometric parameters in a monitoring system and external random loads;
the early warning evaluation part comprises a reliability analysis module, a reliability evaluation module and a life cycle analysis module, wherein output ports of the reliability evaluation module and the life cycle analysis module are commonly connected with the early warning module, and the output port of the early warning module is respectively connected with a technician receiving terminal and an intelligent terminal;
the temperature monitored by the digital temperature sensor and the stress of the steel structure material of the station house have strong correlation, the temperature is taken as an independent variable, the stress of the steel structure material of the station house is taken as a dependent variable, the temperature and the stress data of the measuring points are subjected to linear fitting, and the relationship between the temperature and the stress of the steel structure material of the station house can be regarded as linear; the temperature and the stress of the measuring point of the diagonal web member are in positive correlation, and the linear coefficient is recorded as k1(ii) a The temperature and the stress of the steel pull rod measuring point and the chord member measuring point are in negative correlation, and the linear coefficients are respectively recorded as k2And k3。
2. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibrating wire type strain gauge is welded on the surface of a measured member, and when the surface of the measured member is kept at a constant temperature, the vibrating wire type strain gauge and the measured member are synchronously stressed and deformed, and the relation between the steel wire resonant frequency and the steel wire tension is as follows:
wherein f is the resonance frequency of the steel string, L is the length of the steel string, T is the tension of the steel string, and M is the mass per unit length of the steel string;
assuming that the stress of the steel string is σ, the sectional area is S, the length variation is Δ L, and the elastic modulus of the material is E, T ═ S σ, σ ═ E (Δ L/L) are given, and they are substituted into the formula (1) to obtain:
wherein rho is the bulk density of the steel string, the strain value of the steel string and the strain value of the rod piece to be measured; before the vibrating wire strain gauge is used, a press machine can be used for calibrating to obtain a plurality of groups of frequency f and strain data points, and the obtained data points are fitted into S-f2Linear expression, during monitoring, according to S-f2A linear expression for converting the frequency value obtained by monitoring into a strain value so as to obtain the stress value sigma of the rod pieceMeasuring。
3. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the correction module carries out correction on the stress monitored by the vibrating wire strain gauge, and needs to take the temperature into account of the stress of the steel structure material, namely the stress sigma of the diagonal web member is sigmaMeasuring+k1ΔT＝σMeasuring+k1(Tn-T0) Stress σ ═ σ for steel tie rodsMeasuring+k2ΔT＝σMeasuring+k2(Tn-T0) Stress σ for chordMeasuring+k3ΔT＝σMeasuring+k3(Tn-T0) Wherein k is1Greater than 0, k2And k3Are all less than 0.
4. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the stress data of the structural stress-strain monitoring is missing, a multiple interpolation method can be used for making up the data, and the specific process of the multiple interpolation method is as follows: let sigmamData missing of (2), first calculate σm+1And σm-1Then the unit average difference between them, i.e. delta sigma1＝1/2(σm+1-σm-1) Then calculating σm+3And σm+1Difference of and, σm-1And σm-3Then, the unit average difference between the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2＝1/2(σm+3-σm+1)，Δσ3＝1/2(σm-1-σm-3) And repeating the above steps until the sigma is obtainedm+nAnd σm+n-2Difference of and, σm-nAnd σm-nThen, the unit average difference of the difference values is determined to be delta sigma2n＝1/2(σm+n-σm+m-2)，Δσ2n＝1＝1/2(σm-n-σm-n-2) Calculating an estimated average difference of
Then, sigma is estimatedmA value of (i), i.e.
5. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the stress data of the structure stress strain monitoring is missing, a symmetrical measurement method or an exchange method can be used, wherein the specific process of the symmetrical measurement method is as follows: when sigma ismCorresponding monitor point and sigmapWhen the corresponding monitoring points are symmetrical about the central axis of the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamAvailable sigmapMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σp(ii) a The exchange method comprises the following specific processes: if a plurality of structures which are identical and are circularly and repeatedly arranged exist in the steel structure main truss, the missing sigmamThe stress value sigma of the next same structure and the same monitoring point can be utilizedqMaking an alternative, i.e. σm＝σq。
6. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mechanical propeller type anemoscope has the detection wind speed range of 0-60 m/s, the wind speed precision of +/-0.5 m/s, the wind direction range of 0-360 degrees, the wind direction precision of +/-2 degrees and the working temperature range of-20-55 ℃.
7. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reliability analysis module is used for analyzing the failure mode of the steel member, determining the limit state of the steel member and determining the limit load of the steel member according to the limit state; the reliability evaluation module can calculate the effective probability, the reliability and the reliability index.
8. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature measuring range of the digital temperature sensor is-50 ℃ to 120 ℃, and the increment is 0.1 ℃.
9. The system for monitoring stress state of steel structure in full life cycle of station house in severe cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intelligent terminal is used for receiving danger early warning information and is any one or more of a smart phone, a tablet computer, a smart watch and a smart bracelet.
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