CN111577266B - Electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation - Google Patents

Electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation Download PDF

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CN111577266B
CN111577266B CN202010403428.6A CN202010403428A CN111577266B CN 111577266 B CN111577266 B CN 111577266B CN 202010403428 A CN202010403428 A CN 202010403428A CN 111577266 B CN111577266 B CN 111577266B
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shale
electrochemical
electrode
oil saturation
test piece
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CN111577266A (en
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祝瑜
吴伟
张召才
于静
冯阵东
刘高峰
刘惟庆
李晓斌
高迪
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Henan University of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/40Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation, which comprises the following steps: (a) Placing electrode plates at two ends of a shale test piece, connecting the electrode plates with an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system through a lead, and then connecting the electrode plates with a computer data processing system; (b) Applying a voltage or current disturbance signal to the shale test piece, generating a corresponding response signal after the input disturbance signal passes through the test piece, and processing the response signal by an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system and a computer data processing system to obtain an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the test piece; (c) The characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum is analyzed, the electrochemical impedance spectrum of measured data is fitted, a shale solid-liquid permeation equivalent circuit model is established, and a shale reservoir oil saturation prediction model is established through theoretical calculation of Faraday impedance parameters caused by permeation diffusion. The method is simple in operation, convenient and quick, simple in sample pretreatment and capable of meeting the test requirements of a large number of samples.

Description

Electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a natural gas exploration technology, in particular to an electrochemical prediction method for oil saturation of a shale reservoir.
Background
Shale oil is in free, dissolved and adsorbed states in shale reservoirs, wherein the free shale oil is mainly stored in micro-nano pores and cracks, the shale oil has the best fluidity and is easy to exploit, and the shale oil is a main source of industrial oil flow formed by the shale reservoirs. The dissolved shale oil is mainly endowed in residual pores formed by organic matter hydrocarbon generation, has certain fluidity, has certain contribution to shale oil development, and the higher the organic matter content is, the more the formed organic matter hydrocarbon generation residual pores are. The adsorbed shale oil is mainly adhered to the surfaces of kerogen and mineral particles, and a widely distributed kerogen network can provide a large amount of specific surface for shale oil adsorption.
The characteristic parameters of shale oil content can be divided into organic geochemical parameters and core physical parameters. The most representative of the organic geochemical parameters are residual hydrocarbon S1 and chloroform bitumen "a", which are mainly affected by the abundance, type and extent of thermal evolution of the organic matter, both of which can quantitatively characterize the oiliness of shale reservoirs. The core physical parameter is commonly used for oil saturation S0, which is often used for oil saturation characterization of a conventional reservoir, and the oil saturation is generally obtained by a wash oil method, so that the core physical parameter can only characterize free hydrocarbon in a communicated pore, and adsorbed hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon in a closed pore cannot be calculated. Therefore, establishing a predictive method capable of comprehensively evaluating the oil saturation of shale reservoirs is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, abbreviated as EIS) can reflect a new method of material internal structure, and can investigate the relationship between electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characteristics and shale oil saturation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation, which is used for comprehensively evaluating the shale reservoir oil saturation. According to the method, the development and change conditions of the shale pore structure are analyzed on the basis of the theory of researching the shale oil saturation by adopting an electrochemical impedance spectrum principle, so that the dynamic evolution process of the shale pore structure can be monitored.
The present invention is described below in terms of a method for electrochemical prediction of oil saturation of shale reservoirs.
The electrochemical impedance spectrum is to apply a small amplitude alternating current potential wave with different frequencies to an electrochemical system, and measure the change of the ratio of alternating current potential to current signal along with the frequency of sine wave, wherein the ratio is the impedance of the system, or measure the change of the phase angle of the impedance of the system along with the frequency of sine wave. The method is a frequency domain measurement method, the measurable frequency range is wide, and more kinetic information and electrode interface structure information can be obtained compared with the conventional electrochemical method. The oxidation and reduction processes occur alternately on the electrodes due to the perturbation of the system with a sinusoidal potential signal of small amplitude. Therefore, even if a disturbance signal acts on the electrode for a long period of time, the progress of the accumulation of polarization phenomenon and the accumulation change of the electrode surface state are not caused. Because of the linear relation between the potential and the current, the electrode is in a quasi-steady state in the measuring process, so that the digital processing of the measuring result is simplified.
The invention relates to a method for continuously and automatically monitoring and recording electrochemical impedance spectrum characteristic parameter data by an electrochemical system consisting of a shale test piece, an electrode plate, a lead, an electrochemical workstation and a computer, and judging the oil saturation of the test piece according to the change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum characteristic parameter. The electrochemical system can be regarded as an equivalent circuit which is formed by combining basic elements such as resistance, capacitance and inductance in different modes such as serial connection, parallel connection and the like. The structure of the equivalent circuit and the size of each element can be determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the electrochemical meaning of these elements is used to analyze the structure of the electrochemical system and the properties of the electrode process. The shale test piece is a special electrochemical system, electrodes are placed at two ends of the test piece, when shale oil saturation is different, capacitance is increased in the test piece, impedance of the test piece changes under different frequencies, electrochemical parameter values of the test piece under different frequencies are obtained through analysis of an electrochemical workstation, an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the test piece is drawn by a computer, and characteristic changes of the electrochemical impedance spectrum have a corresponding relation with the shale oil saturation, so that shale pore structures and development conditions of the shale pore structures can be reflected well.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
an electrochemical prediction method for shale reservoir oil saturation, comprising the following steps:
(a) Placing electrode plates at two ends of a shale test piece, connecting the electrode plates with an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system through a lead, and then connecting the electrode plates with a computer data processing system;
(b) Applying sinusoidal alternating voltage or sinusoidal alternating current disturbance signals with different frequencies to the shale test piece, and generating corresponding response signals after the input disturbance signals pass through the shale test piece, namely sinusoidal alternating current or sinusoidal alternating voltage signals, wherein the response signals are processed by an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system and a computer data processing system to obtain an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the shale test piece;
(c) The characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum is analyzed, the electrochemical impedance spectrum of measured data is fitted, a shale solid-liquid permeation equivalent circuit model is established, and a shale reservoir oil saturation prediction model is established through theoretical calculation of Faraday impedance parameters caused by permeation diffusion.
Further, the number of the electrode plates in the step (a) is at least two, and the positions are arranged in a uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed manner.
Further, the frequency range of the disturbance signal in the step (b) is 1Hz-10MHz.
Further, the sinusoidal ac voltage amplitude in step (b) is below 20mV.
Further, the sinusoidal ac current amplitude in step (b) is below 50mA.
Further, the representation method of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the shale test piece obtained in the step (b) comprises a Warburg graph, an admittance graph, a capacitance graph, a Nyquist graph and a Bode graph.
Further, the representation method of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the shale test piece obtained in the step (b) is preferably a Nyquist diagram and a Bode diagram.
Further, the characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the shale test piece in the step (c) refers to the corresponding change condition of the phase angle, the angular frequency, the impedance vector and the impedance modulus value in a certain frequency range along with the increase or decrease of the frequency.
Further, the characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the shale test piece in the step (c) has a corresponding relation with the oil saturation of the shale test piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for electrochemically predicting the oil saturation of the shale reservoir is free from the limitation of the structure and the spatial position of the shale in the prediction area of the shale test piece and wide in application range.
2. The electrochemical prediction method for the oil saturation of the shale reservoir can comprehensively evaluate the oil saturation of the shale reservoir, and solves the technical problem that the oil saturation of the shale reservoir cannot be comprehensively evaluated in the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an electrochemical prediction method of shale reservoir oil saturation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Nyquist plot of a shale test piece obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fitted curve of the Nyquist curve of the shale test piece obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is an impedance spectrum of a shale water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is an equivalent circuit of the shale water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 4c shows Faraday impedance of an equivalent circuit of the shale water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a graph showing the impedance spectrum of the shale oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model I under the condition of low oil saturation in the embodiment 1 of the invention, wherein the graph is based on R x Predicting oil saturation: r1 is more than R2 and less than R3;
FIG. 5b is an equivalent circuit of the shale oil water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model I under the condition of low oil saturation in the embodiment 1 of the invention, wherein R is based on x Predicting oil saturation: r1 is more than R2 and less than R3;
FIG. 5c shows the Faraday impedance of the equivalent circuit of the shale oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model I under the condition of low oil saturation in the embodiment 1 of the invention, wherein R is based on x Predicting oil saturation: r1 is more than R2 and less than R3;
FIG. 6a is a graph showing the impedance spectrum of a shale oil water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model II under moderate oil saturation in example 1 of the present invention, Z w The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
FIG. 6b is an equivalent circuit of a shale oil water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model II under moderate oil saturation in embodiment 1 of the present invention, Z in the figure w The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
FIG. 6c is a graph showing the impedance of the semi-infinite diffusion layer for oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model II of shale oil-water under moderate oil saturation in example 1 of the present invention, Z w The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
FIG. 7a is a graph showing the impedance spectrum of the shale oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model III under the condition of higher oil saturation in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, Z T The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
FIG. 7b is an equivalent circuit of a shale oil water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model III under the condition of higher oil saturation in embodiment 1 of the invention, Z in the figure T The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
FIG. 7c is a graph showing the diffusion resistance of the oil-water barrier layer of the shale oil water layer gap solid-liquid permeation model III under the condition of higher oil saturation in the embodiment 1, wherein the larger the ZT value is, the higher the oil saturation is;
in the figure, 1, a first working electrode, 2, a reference electrode, 3, a second working electrode, 4, an auxiliary electrode, 5, an electrode sheet, 6, an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system, 7 and a computer data processing system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electrochemical prediction method of oil saturation of a shale reservoir according to the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the electrochemical prediction method of shale reservoir oil saturation comprises the following steps:
(1) Shale test piece manufacturing
In specific embodiments of the present invention, the shale test pieces required for the present invention are now prepared by, but not limited to, the following methods.
The collected bulk shale sample was cut into cylindrical samples 50mm in diameter and saturated with water. The upper end and the lower end of the sample are required to be placed with water-saturated sponge, so that the tight contact between the sample and the electrode plate is ensured.
(2) Construction monitoring system
An electrode sheet 5 is respectively placed at two ends of a shale test piece, and the electrode sheet 5 is connected with an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system 6 through a lead and then connected with a computer data processing system 7; the electrochemical workstation data acquisition system 6 comprises an electrochemical workstation, a first working electrode 1, a reference electrode 2, a second working electrode 3 and an auxiliary electrode 4, wherein the first working electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are connected with an electrode sheet 5 at one end of a shale test piece, and the second working electrode 3 and the auxiliary electrode 4 are connected with the electrode sheet 5 at the other end of the shale test piece; wherein the first working electrode 1 and the second working electrode 3 are stainless steel, nickel and copper; the material can be self-made or purchased, and is stainless steel in the embodiment; the reference electrode 2 is a saturated calomel electrode; the auxiliary electrode 4 is a platinum wire electrode.
(2) Sinusoidal alternating voltage disturbance signals with the frequency of 1Hz-10MHz and the amplitude of 5mV are applied to a shale test piece through an electrode plate 5, response signals, namely sinusoidal alternating current signals, are collected through an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system 6, the collected response signals are processed by a computer data processing system 7, and Nyquist curves in the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the test piece are recorded, as shown in figure 2.
(3) The characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum is analyzed, the electrochemical impedance spectrum of measured data is fitted, a shale solid-liquid permeation equivalent circuit model is established, and a shale reservoir oil saturation prediction model is established through theoretical calculation of Faraday impedance parameters caused by permeation diffusion.
The Nyquist curve in FIG. 2 was fitted using an equivalent circuit of the shale oil-water layer gap solid-liquid permeation model II under moderate oil saturation conditions, as shown in FIG. 3. According to the impedance of the oil-water semi-infinite diffusion layerZw is calculated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. An electrochemical prediction method for comprehensively evaluating oil saturation of a shale reservoir, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Shale test piece manufacturing
Cutting the collected large shale sample into a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 50mm, and carrying out water saturation, wherein water saturation sponges are required to be placed at the upper end and the lower end of the sample, so that the tight contact between the sample and the electrode plate is ensured;
(2) Construction monitoring system
Placing an electrode plate at two ends of a shale test piece respectively, connecting the electrode plate with an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system through a lead, and then connecting the electrode plate with a computer data processing system; the electrochemical workstation data acquisition system comprises an electrochemical workstation, a first working electrode, a reference electrode, a second working electrode and an auxiliary electrode, wherein the first working electrode and the reference electrode are connected with an electrode sheet at one end of a shale test piece, and the second working electrode and the auxiliary electrode are connected with an electrode sheet at the other end of the shale test piece; wherein the first working electrode and the second working electrode are stainless steel, nickel or copper; the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode; the auxiliary electrode is a platinum wire electrode;
(3) Sinusoidal alternating voltage disturbance signals with the frequency of 1Hz-10MHz and the amplitude of 5mV are applied to a shale test piece through an electrode plate, response signals, namely sinusoidal alternating current signals, are collected through an electrochemical workstation data acquisition system, the collected response signals are processed through a computer data processing system, and Nyquist curves in the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the test piece are recorded;
(4) Fitting the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the measured data by analyzing the characteristic change of the electrochemical impedance spectrum, establishing a shale solid-liquid permeation equivalent circuit model,establishing a predictive model of shale reservoir oil saturation through theoretical calculation of Faraday impedance parameters caused by osmotic diffusion;
fitting the Nyquist curve obtained in the step (3) by adopting an equivalent circuit of a shale oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model I under the condition of low oil saturation, and according to Faraday impedance of the equivalent circuitPredicting oil saturation, R x The greater the oil saturation, the higher;
fitting the Nyquist curve obtained in the step (3) by adopting an equivalent circuit of a shale oil-water layer interstitial solid-liquid permeation model II under the condition of moderate oil saturation, and according to the impedance of the oil-water semi-infinite diffusion layerCalculation of Z w ,Z w The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation;
fitting the Nyquist curve obtained in the step (3) by adopting an equivalent circuit of a shale oil-water layer gap solid-liquid permeation model III under the condition of higher oil saturation, and according to the diffusion resistance of the oil-water barrier layer Z T The greater the value, the higher the oil saturation.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4281289A (en) * 1979-03-16 1981-07-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of determining interwell oil field fluid saturation distribution
US4398151A (en) * 1980-01-25 1983-08-09 Shell Oil Company Method for correcting an electrical log for the presence of shale in a formation
CN101762829A (en) * 2010-01-18 2010-06-30 赵庆辉 Analog measurement method and device of oil saturation in strata
CN103995036A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-08-20 河南理工大学 Method for monitoring cement-based material crack by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in real time
CN106124565A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-11-16 中国石油大学(北京) A kind of sealing fixation measuring device for measuring tight rock impedance characteristic

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4281289A (en) * 1979-03-16 1981-07-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of determining interwell oil field fluid saturation distribution
US4398151A (en) * 1980-01-25 1983-08-09 Shell Oil Company Method for correcting an electrical log for the presence of shale in a formation
CN101762829A (en) * 2010-01-18 2010-06-30 赵庆辉 Analog measurement method and device of oil saturation in strata
CN103995036A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-08-20 河南理工大学 Method for monitoring cement-based material crack by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in real time
CN106124565A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-11-16 中国石油大学(北京) A kind of sealing fixation measuring device for measuring tight rock impedance characteristic

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
济阳坳陷渤南洼陷页岩油气形成条件研究;张善文;王永诗;张林晔;李政;朱家俊;巩建强;郝运轻;;中国工程科学(第06期);全文 *

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