CN111577261B - Downhole pulse signal generator, method for transmitting pressure pulse, drill collar and drilling equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a downhole pulse signal generator, comprising a casing, the casing has a hollow cavity, a mud inlet and a mud outlet respectively communicated with the hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity is provided with: sequentially arranged along the mud flow direction The primary valve body and the secondary valve body; the primary rotating part used to drive the primary valve body to rotate, the secondary rotating part used to drive the secondary valve body to rotate, both the primary rotating part and the secondary valve body are driven to rotate by the mud; A mud displacement adjustment unit for adjusting the overflow amount of the overflow channel, so that the difference between the mud displacement flowing through the primary rotating part and the mud displacement flowing through the secondary rotating part is an adjustable variable, the primary valve The valve body and the secondary valve body can operate with an adjustable speed differential. The present application also discloses a method for transmitting pressure pulses in a fluid using the signal generator, as well as a drill collar and drilling equipment having the signal generator. The present application can obtain adjustable signal frequency to suit different well depths.

Description

Downhole pulse signal generator, method for transmitting pressure pulse, drill collar and drilling equipment

technical field

The application belongs to the technical field of petroleum downhole instruments, and in particular relates to a downhole pulse signal generator, a method for transmitting pressure pulses, a drill collar and drilling equipment.

Background technique

In oil drilling, especially in the process of drilling highly deviated wells, horizontal wells, multilateral wells and other wells with complex structures that require special craftsmanship, operators are required to master various downhole technological parameters in real time, monitor drilling trajectories, and analyze drilling parameters. Timely adjustment and optimization, correction of drilling trajectory, to achieve the purpose of safe and efficient drilling, so the real-time transmission rate and accuracy of MWD data have become important factors affecting drilling operations.

Measurement while drilling and logging while drilling refer to the downhole information measured by the measuring instruments near the drill bit and transmitted to the surface during the drilling process. With the help of measurement while drilling and logging while drilling technology, information that is difficult to measure on the ground can be measured, such as the torque, torque, weight on bit, inclination angle, azimuth angle, tool face angle, axial tension, three Phase acceleration, formation petrophysical parameters, gamma rays reflecting formation characteristics, resistivity, etc. The information can be acquired in real time by means of measurement while drilling and logging technology, and the data can be processed by the surface software system of measurement while drilling, so as to facilitate the operator to grasp the working status of the drill bit in real time and realize the structure and simulation of the bottom layer while drilling. , complete the formation evaluation, and make the bit advance efficiently in the oil and gas formation.

With the development of measurement-while-drilling and logging-while-drilling technologies, various logging-while-drilling tools such as azimuth lateral resistivity imaging logging-while-drilling tool and gamma imaging logging-while-drilling tool have been put into use one after another. The accuracy of logging technology depends on the authenticity and rapidity of obtaining downhole information. The key technologies are the carrier, transmission tool, transmission rate and signal reception, signal processing and decoding on the surface of downhole information transmission. Downhole information transmission is divided into wired transmission and wireless transmission. At present, wireless transmission is widely used because it is less restricted in the process of underground operation.

The existing wireless transmission methods are mainly divided into acoustic wave, electromagnetic wave, and mud pulse transmission according to the difference of transmission channel and transmission medium. Among them, the acoustic wave transmission technology has not yet solved the problems of noise and attenuation, so it is in the experimental research stage; the electromagnetic wave transmission technology is greatly affected by the well depth and geological conditions, and the application scope is limited; the mud pulse transmission technology is generated by the mud pulse generator. Commercial applications are as extensive.

The transmission mode of mud pulse is divided into negative pulse, positive pulse and continuous wave signal transmission according to the different types of mud pulse. Among them, the negative pulse signal generator has the defects of pollution, low signal rate and large energy loss; the positive pulse mud signal generator is widely used at present, and the mud pulse signal upload is usually realized by controlling the mushroom head to block the mud channel. Generally lower than 0.5-5bit/s, it can no longer meet the requirements of real-time uploading of multiple sets of MWD parameters and logging parameters at the same time; and the negative pulse transmission and positive pulse belong to the baseband transmission, the transmission rate is low, the reliability is poor, and it is easy to be disturbed and cause errors. The continuous wave signal transmission belongs to the frequency band transmission. Compared with the negative pulse and positive pulse transmission, the transmission rate of the continuous wave signal transmission is much faster, and it also has the advantages of high reliability and strong anti-interference ability. Therefore, the continuous wave signal transmission Has good application prospects.

The continuous wave signal generator controls the rotor of the rotary valve to move with a certain regularity through the motor to change the flow area of the mud fluid. Different drilling fluid flow areas generate drilling fluid pressure signals of different amplitudes. The drilling fluid pressure signal is used to realize the downhole data. transmission. Specifically, by controlling the operation mode of the rotor, the amplitude, frequency and phase of the sine pressure wave signal of the mud drilling fluid can be changed, so as to realize the modulation of the measurement while drilling data. The data transmission rate of the continuous wave signal generator is higher than that of the mud drilling fluid. Negative pulse generator and mud positive pulse generator are much faster, up to 40bit/s.

According to the different movement modes of the rotary valve rotor, it can be divided into swing shear valve type continuous signal generator and continuous rotary valve type continuous wave signal generator. Whether it is a swing shear valve continuous signal generator or a continuous rotary valve continuous wave signal generator, they all face a series of common problems. First of all, it is the problem of motor control. As the driving source of the rotor, the control accuracy of the motor often has a great impact on the generation of signals. Therefore, the accuracy of motor control is very high. Due to the characteristics of scouring, and in the actual operation process, the motor will be affected by hydraulic shock, and the load is a variable and uncertain quantity. It is a difficult problem to use what kind of control method to improve the control accuracy of the motor, and it is not easy to achieve technically. Especially for the swing shear valve type continuous signal generator, it is necessary to control the continuous forward and reverse rotation of the motor, and the requirements for the motor are high. When the rotor encounters a large resistance, it may even occur that the motor may not turn to the set position. Happening. Secondly, it is the power consumption of the system. In the process of driving the rotor to move, the motor needs to overcome the load water torque, and at the same time generate a high-frequency oscillation signal, the power consumption of the system is very large, and the unknown disturbance generated by the hydraulic torque will also Seriously affect the running performance of the motor. Furthermore, the downhole temperature increases with the depth of the well, and the change in temperature will inevitably lead to changes in the motor control parameters.

Patent US20180291733A1 discloses a device for generating low-frequency pressure pulses downhole, the device includes a housing and a rotary valve arranged in the housing, the rotary valve includes a first valve part and a second valve part, the first valve part Driven to rotate by the first turbine, the second valve part is driven to rotate by the second turbine, the first turbine and the second turbine have the same displacement-rotation characteristics, that is, the first turbine and all The slope of the displacement-speed curve of the second turbine is equal, so that although the first valve part and the second valve part can rotate at different speeds, a stable fixed frequency can be obtained to achieve a pulse signal stable transmission. However, as the well depth increases during the drilling process, the drilling conditions will become more and more complicated, and more downhole data needs to be measured, not only the wellbore trajectory data and geological data, but also the downhole vibration, WOB, torque, well diameter expansion rate, dielectric constant and other data, the amount of data transmission is closely related to the signal frequency. The pressure pulse device described in the above patent generates a fixed frequency frequency, which cannot meet the needs of different well depths for the amount of data information. requirements.

It should be noted that the above content belongs to the technical cognition category of the inventor, and does not necessarily constitute the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides a downhole pulse signal generator, a method for transmitting pressure pulses, a drill collar and drilling equipment to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

The technical solution adopted in this application is:

A downhole pulse signal generator includes a casing, the casing has a hollow cavity, and a mud inlet and a mud outlet respectively communicated with the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity is provided with a rotary valve, the rotary The valve includes a primary valve body and a secondary valve body arranged in sequence along the mud flow direction, the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can rotate at different speeds to change the mud flow area at the rotary valve; with a primary rotary member for driving the primary valve body to rotate, the primary rotary member is driven to rotate by the mud; a secondary rotary member for driving the secondary valve body to rotate, the secondary rotary member is driven to rotate by the mud; and the mud displacement an adjustment unit, the mud displacement adjustment unit includes an overflow channel capable of diverting the mud, and the overflow channel is arranged in the primary valve body or the secondary valve body; the mud displacement adjustment unit further includes an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the overflow amount of the overflow channel, so that the difference between the mud displacement flowing through the primary rotating part and the mud displacement flowing through the secondary rotating part is acceptable By adjusting the variable, the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can be operated with an adjustable rotational speed difference.

The downhole pulse signal generator in this application also has the following additional technical features:

The adjustment mechanism includes a flow restrictor and a drive member for driving the flow restrictor to move, the overflow channel has an overflow outlet, and the flow restrictor has a restrictor capable of opening, closing or partially blocking the overflow outlet. The flow portion; the overflow outlet is a variable cross-section through port, and/or the flow restricting portion is a structure with a variable cross-section, and the driving member changes the overflow outlet by controlling the movement of the flow restricting member. The overflow area to change the overflow amount of the overflow channel.

The current limiting member performs linear motion under the driving of the driving member.

The movement direction of the restrictor is parallel to the axial direction of the overflow outlet.

The secondary valve body has a secondary matching part that cooperates with the primary valve body to change the flow area of mud at the rotary valve, and is fixedly connected with the secondary matching part and with the secondary rotating part The secondary connection part is coupled, and the overflow channel is opened in the secondary connection part.

The primary valve body has a primary matching portion that cooperates with the secondary valve body to change the flow area of mud at the rotary valve, and a primary matching portion that is fixedly connected to the primary matching portion and coupled to the primary rotating member A connecting part, the primary rotating part is sleeved on the outer side of the primary connecting part; the secondary rotating part is sleeved on the outer side of the secondary connecting part.

The primary rotating member is keyed to the primary valve body, and the secondary rotating member is keyed to the secondary valve body.

The present application also discloses a method for transmitting pressure pulses in a fluid, the method comprising: providing a pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator comprising a housing having: a hollow cavity, and The mud inlet and the mud outlet communicate with the hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity is provided with: a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprises a primary valve body and a secondary valve body arranged in sequence along the mud flow direction, the primary valve body and The secondary valve bodies can cooperate with each other to change the flow area of the mud at the rotary valve; the primary rotating part is used to drive the primary valve body to rotate, and the primary rotating part is driven to rotate by the mud; used to drive the secondary valve a secondary rotating member that rotates by the body, the secondary rotating member is driven to rotate by the mud; and a mud displacement adjustment unit, the mud displacement adjustment unit includes an overflow channel capable of diverting the mud, the overflow channel is provided In the rotary valve, the primary rotating member and/or the secondary rotating member; the mud displacement adjustment unit further includes an adjustment mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the overflow amount of the overflow passage to Making the difference between the displacement of mud flowing through the primary rotating member and the displacement of mud flowing through the secondary rotating member as an adjustable variable, the primary valve and the secondary valve can rotate at an adjustable rotational speed difference run;

flowing the mud through the pulse generator;

The overflow amount of the overflow passage is adjusted by the mud displacement adjusting unit, so as to adjust the difference between the mud displacement of the primary rotating part and the secondary rotating part;

Generates a pressure wave signal with an adjustable frequency.

The present application also discloses a drill collar, which includes a casing, and the above-mentioned downhole pulse signal generator is arranged in the casing.

The present application also discloses a drilling equipment, including a drill string and a drill bit, the equipment further includes a drill collar for connecting the drill string and the drill bit, and the drill collar is the drill collar as described above; the The hollow cavity is also provided with a control unit and a data acquisition unit for transmitting downhole data to the control unit, the data acquisition unit includes a measurement while drilling instrument and/or a logging while drilling instrument, and the control unit includes a control module , a modulation module and a surface demodulation module, the control module is used to control the adjustment mechanism, the modulation module is used to encode and modulate the downhole data into the mud pressure wave, and the pulse generator will Data is transmitted to the terrestrial demodulation module.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the beneficial effects obtained by this application are:

1. Both the primary rotating member and the secondary rotating member in this application are driven to rotate by the mud, thereby driving the primary valve body and the secondary valve body to rotate, which fully utilizes the kinetic energy of the mud and realizes the The motorless drive of the rotary valve not only greatly reduces power consumption, improves the safety of downhole instruments, but also reduces the difficulty of control.

In addition, the signal generator also has a mud displacement adjustment unit, the mud displacement adjustment unit includes an overflow channel capable of diverting the mud and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the overflow amount of the overflow channel, so that the The difference between the displacement of mud flowing through the primary rotating member and the displacement of mud flowing through the secondary rotating member is an adjustable variable, so that the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can be adjusted in an adjustable manner. The speed difference operation can obtain a wide range of adjustable pulse signal frequency and information transmission rate, so as to obtain different signal loads at different well depth positions, and finally obtain data information of different loads according to different well depths. The frequency of the pulse signal can be adjusted without replacing the primary rotating part and the secondary rotating part, which realizes the real-time online adjustment of the downhole operation, and provides a guarantee for the smooth operation of the drilling operation.

2. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the adjustment mechanism includes a flow restrictor and a driving member for driving the flow restrictor to move, the overflow channel has an overflow outlet, and the overflow outlet is of variable cross-section. The through port, and/or the restrictor has a structure with a variable cross-section, and the driving member can change the overflow area at the overflow outlet by controlling the movement amount of the restrictor, so as to change the overflow area. The overflow amount of the flow passage can be adjusted, so that the displacement of the mud flowing through the primary rotating part and the secondary rotating part can be adjusted, and finally the purpose of adjusting the speed difference between the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can be achieved. The adjustment method of the overflow amount described in this application is convenient, fast, and easy to control. Furthermore, through the cross-sectional design of the overflow outlet and/or the flow restricting portion, the primary valve body and the secondary valve can be assisted to realize The stepless adjustment of the body speed difference not only expands the range of signal frequency adjustment, but also adjusts the matching signal frequency for different well depths, meeting the requirements of different well depths for the amount of data and information. The impact of the primary rotating part, the primary valve body, the secondary rotating part and the secondary valve body is small, which ensures the reliability and stability of the working performance of the signal generator, and helps to prolong the service life of the signal generator.

3. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the flow restrictor moves linearly under the driving of the drive member, and the movement direction of the flow restrictor is parallel to the axial direction of the overflow outlet, so as to pass the The movement of the flow restrictor changes the overflow amount of the overflow channel, the linear movement is more reliable, and the installation space occupied by the assembly and transmission between the components is smaller, thereby helping to reduce the The size of the signal generator, the reduction of the size of the signal generator not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the entire signal generator, but also improves the reliability of the operation process of the signal generator. Due to the miniaturization of the entire drill collar, the miniaturization of the drill collar helps to improve its flexibility. In the complex working conditions of the underground operation, it facilitates the turning and attitude adjustment of the drill collar, thereby contributing to the reliability of the entire operation process. stability and stability.

4. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the overflow channel is opened in the secondary connection part of the secondary valve body, so that the displacement of the mud flowing through the secondary rotating part is less than or equal to that flowing through the secondary valve body. The mud displacement of the primary rotating part, the entire mud flow process and the final confluence process are smoother, and the structural design of the signal generator is facilitated, which is helpful for the radial and axial dimensions of the signal generator. is reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the working performance of the signal generator.

5. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the primary rotating member is sleeved on the outer side of the primary connecting portion of the primary valve body, and the secondary rotating member is sleeved on the secondary side of the secondary valve body. On the outside of the connecting portion, compared with the way of realizing the connection between the valve body and the rotating member through mechanical transmission components such as couplings and transmission shafts, this embodiment can greatly shorten the axial length of the pulse signal generator and increase its work. reliability, especially for its flexibility in downhole turns.

Further, the primary rotating member is keyed to the primary valve body, the secondary rotating member is keyed to the secondary valve body, and the keyed connection realizes the assembly of the rotating member and the valve body, with good alignment. , which is not only easy to install, helps to improve assembly efficiency, but also easy to disassemble, and can easily replace the rotating parts. By replacing the rotating parts, the displacement adjustment of the primary and secondary rotating parts can also be realized, thereby expanding the Scope of application of the signal generator.

Description of drawings

The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the signal generator described in the application under an embodiment, wherein the direction of the arrow shows the flow direction of the mud.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1 , wherein the direction of the arrow shows the flow direction of the mud.

Fig. 3 is a state diagram of the adjusting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the direction of the arrow shows the flow direction of the mud.

Fig. 4 is another state diagram of the adjusting mechanism according to an embodiment of the application, wherein the direction of the arrow shows the flow direction of the mud.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the primary valve body according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 5 .

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the primary rotating member according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the state of the adjusting mechanism described in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the state of the adjusting mechanism described in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the state of the adjusting mechanism described in Embodiment 3 of the present application.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the state of the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 4 of the application.

in,

1 housing; 2 primary valve body support; 3 key; 4 primary valve body; 5 primary rotating part; 6 secondary valve body; 7 key; 8 secondary rotating part; 9 secondary valve body support; 10, 101, 102, 103 overflow outlet; 11, 1101, 1102, 1103 restrictor; 12 electronic compartment; 13 balance plunger; 14 driver; 15 pressure sealing connector; 16 control module; 17 measurement while drilling and/or LWD; 18 drain holes; 19 overflow inlet; 20 mud inlet; 21 mud outlet; 22 overflow channel.

Detailed ways

In order to explain the overall concept of the present application more clearly, the following detailed description is given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific details disclosed below. Example limitations.

In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. refer to the orientation or The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction between the two elements. . For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

In this application, unless otherwise expressly stated and defined, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediary touch. In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

As shown in FIG. 1, a downhole pulse signal generator includes a casing 1, the casing 1 has a hollow cavity, and a mud inlet 20 and a mud outlet 21 respectively communicated with the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity The body is provided with: a rotary valve, the rotary valve includes a primary valve body 4 and a secondary valve body 6 arranged in sequence along the mud flow direction, the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 can cooperate with each other to change the mud The flow area at the rotary valve; the primary rotary member 5 for driving the primary valve body 4 to rotate, the primary rotary member 5 is driven to rotate by the mud; the secondary rotary member 8 for driving the secondary valve body 6 to rotate , the secondary rotating member 8 is driven to rotate by the mud. In the present application, the rotation of the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 is replaced by the traditional motor drive to the mud drive, so as to overcome the problems brought by the downhole operating environment to the operation and control of the motor, which is sufficient The kinetic energy of the mud is used to realize the motorless drive of the rotary valve, which not only greatly reduces the power consumption, improves the safety of the downhole instrument, but also reduces the control difficulty.

During the drilling process, the mud enters the hollow cavity from the mud inlet 20 and flows through the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 respectively to drive the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 The rotating member 8 rotates, thereby driving the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 to rotate, and finally changing the flow area of the mud at the rotary valve. According to different mud flow areas, different amplitudes will be generated pressure signal.

Different from the traditional motor-controlled rotary valve that continuously and periodically moves to cut the mud to generate the mud signal, the adjustment of the frequency of the mud signal in the present application is assisted by the following mud displacement adjustment unit.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 11 , the hollow cavity in the present application is further provided with a mud displacement adjustment unit, and the mud displacement adjustment unit includes an overflow channel 22 capable of diverting the mud. The mud displacement adjusting unit further includes an adjusting mechanism, which is used to adjust the overflow amount of the overflow passage 22, so that the mud displacement flowing through the primary rotating member 5 is the same as the amount flowing through the secondary. The difference in the mud displacement of the rotating member 8 is an adjustable variable, the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 can operate at an adjustable rotational speed difference, so that an adjustable signal frequency can be obtained to adapt to drilling In the process, different well depth positions have different requirements for the amount of downhole data and information collection.

It should be noted that the present application does not specifically limit the setting position of the overflow channel 22 . For example, in a specific embodiment, the overflow channel 22 is provided in the primary valve body 4 . For another example, in another specific embodiment, the overflow channel 22 is provided in the secondary valve body 6 . Taking the overflow channel 22 opened in the secondary valve body 6 as an example, part of the mud is leaked into the overflow channel 22 during drilling, so that the mud flows through the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary valve body 6 . The mud displacement of the stage rotating member 8 is different, so that the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 generate a rotational speed difference. During the rotation of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6, The flow area of the mud passage on the rotary valve (produced by the cooperation of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6) will change due to the difference in rotational speed, thereby generating a periodic characteristic mud pressure wave signal , and the magnitude of the speed difference determines the frequency of the mud pressure wave signal.

As a preferred embodiment of the present application, both the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 are turbines, as shown in FIG. 7 , which gives a specific structural example of the turbine, but the present application The structure of the turbine described in the drawings is not limited to the structure shown in the figures, and other structure types can also be adopted. In addition, the present application provides a specific example of a turbine in which the primary rotating part 5 and the secondary rotating part 8 adopt completely identical structural shapes. However, the present application is not limited to this, the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 may adopt turbines with different structures and shapes, so as to adjust the primary rotating member 5 and all the other rotating members through the mud displacement adjusting unit. On the basis of the displacement of the secondary rotating member 8, further through the difference in the turbine structure of the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8, the displacement of the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 is changed. Displacement-speed characteristics.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , a specific structural example of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 is given. It can be seen from the figures that in this example, the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 both have two-lobed valve plates, but the structures of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 in this application are not limited to this, and a four-lobed valve plate can also be used. structure, etc. Of course, the structures of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 in this application can be completely different. As long as the mud flow area changes during the relative movement, mud pressure waves of a certain frequency can be generated. Signal.

As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the adjustment mechanism includes a flow restrictor 11 and a drive member 14 for driving the flow restrictor 11 to move, and the overflow channel 22 has an overflow inlet 19 and an overflow outlet 10 , The restrictor 11 has a restrictor that can open, close or partially block the overflow outlet 10 . The restrictor 11 in this embodiment not only has two working states of opening or closing the overflow outlet 10 , but also has a working state of partially blocking the overflow outlet 10 , thereby increasing the variety of overflow adjustment. It lays a foundation for acquiring mud pressure wave signals of different frequencies. The adjustment method of the overflow amount in this embodiment is convenient, fast, and easy to control.

This embodiment does not specifically limit the movement mode of the current limiting member 11:

In a specific example, the restricting member 11 is driven by the driving member 14 to perform a rotational movement to open, close or partially block the overflow outlet 10 .

As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the restricting member 11 is driven by the driving member 14 to perform linear motion. Compared with the above-mentioned rotational motion, the linear motion is more reliable. , and the installation space occupied by the assembly and transmission between the components is smaller, thereby helping to reduce the size of the signal generator. The reduction of the size of the signal generator not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the entire signal generator, but also reduces the size of the signal generator. The reliability of the operation process of the signal generator is improved. Specifically, the small-volume signal generator helps to miniaturize the entire drill collar, and the miniaturization of the drill collar helps to improve its flexibility. In complex working conditions, it is convenient to turn the drill collar, adjust the attitude, etc., thus contributing to the reliability and stability of the entire operation process. There are two ways of linear movement, one is that the movement direction of the restrictor 11 is perpendicular to the axis direction of the overflow outlet 10, and the other is that the movement direction of the restrictor 11 is perpendicular to the overflow outlet 10. The axial direction of the outflow outlet 10 is parallel. As a preferred example, the movement direction of the flow restrictor 11 is parallel to the axial direction of the overflow outlet 10, thereby helping to reduce the radial dimension of the signal generator. , which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the signal generator.

It should be noted that this embodiment does not limit the specific composition of the driving member 14 : for example, in a specific example, the driving member 14 is a motor, and the motor uses a linear transmission mechanism such as a ball screw pair. It is connected with the limiting member to drive the limiting member to move linearly; for another example, in another specific example, the driving member 14 is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder or the air cylinder drives the The limiting member performs linear motion; for another example, the driving member 14 is a solenoid valve driving component, and the limiting member is driven to perform linear motion by the solenoid valve driving component. Of course, the driving member 14 in this embodiment is not limited to the above examples, and other structural types may also be used.

The hollow cavity is provided with an electronic warehouse 12, the electronic warehouse 12 has a chamber for accommodating the driving member 14, and the chamber is isolated from the mud, so even if the driving member 14 adopts a structure such as a motor, The driving member 14 is also not affected by the mud, so its working stability and control performance are not affected by the mud.

In this embodiment, the overflow outlet 10 and the flow restrictor 11 may adopt any one of the following embodiments, so as to adjust the overflow amount of the overflow outlet 10 through the cooperation of the two:

Example 1: The overflow outlet 10 is a variable-section through port. For the convenience of description, the side where the mud enters the overflow outlet 10 is referred to as the inlet side, and the side where the mud flows out of the overflow outlet 10 is referred to as the inlet side. is the outlet side, as shown in FIG. 8 , which shows a specific example in which the cross-sectional area of the overflow outlet 101 gradually increases from the inlet side to the outlet side, but this embodiment is not limited to this. In another specific example, the cross-sectional area of the overflow outlet 10 gradually decreases from the inlet side to the outlet side, so that the overflow outlet 10 is a variable-section through port.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8 , the restrictor is a surface with a fixed cross-sectional area, and the driving member 14 changes the flow rate at the overflow outlet 10 by controlling the movement of the restrictor 1101 . The overflow area is used to change the overflow amount of the overflow channel 22 . In the following, the present embodiment is further described in detail by using the structure shown in FIG. 8 as an example. The greater the depth of the current limiting member 1101 entering the overflow outlet 101 under the driving of the driving member 14 is , or in other words, when the limiting member 1101 is driven by the driving member 14, the closer to the inlet side, the smaller the overflow amount of the overflow outlet 101 per unit time, and the flow through the primary rotating member 5 and all the units per unit time is smaller. The smaller the displacement difference of the secondary rotating member 8 is, the smaller the rotational speed difference between the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 is.

This embodiment can assist in realizing the stepless adjustment of the rotational speed difference between the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6, which not only expands the range of signal frequency adjustment, but also adjusts the matching signal frequency for different well depths, meeting the needs of different well depths. For the requirements of the amount of data and information, and the stepless adjustment method has little impact on the primary rotating part 5, the primary valve body 4, the secondary rotating part 8, and the secondary valve body 6, which ensures the reliability of the working performance of the signal generator. and stability, and help extend the life of the signal generator.

Embodiment 2: The overflow outlet 10 is a variable-section through port. Different from the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 , the overflow outlet 102 is directed from the inlet side to the A plurality of protruding stepped portions are provided on the outlet side, and the inner diameters of the stepped portions are different, so that the overflow outlet 102 is a channel of variable cross-section. The restrictor is a surface with a fixed cross-sectional area, and the driving member 14 changes the overflow area at the overflow outlet 102 by controlling the movement of the restrictor 1101 to change the overflow channel 22 . of overflow.

Embodiment 3: In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10 , the cross-sectional area of the overflow outlet 103 is the same from the inlet side to the outlet side, and the restrictor of the restrictor 1102 is of variable cross-section. Structure, for the convenience of description, the end of the current limiting member 1102 close to the driving member 14 is called the connecting end, and the end of the current limiting member 1102 away from the driving member 14 is called the free end, as shown in FIG. 10 . As shown, in a specific example under this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the current limiting portion gradually increases from the free end to the connection end. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this. In another specific example, the cross-sectional area of the current limiting portion gradually decreases from the free end to the connecting end.

When the depth of the restrictor 1102 entering the overflow outlet 103 under the driving of the driving member 14 is different, the mud discharge volume from the overflow outlet 103 per unit time is different, thus changing the unit time The displacement of the mud flowing through the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 further realizes the adjustment of the rotational speed of the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 .

Embodiment 4: In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 , the cross-sectional area of the overflow outlet 103 is the same from the inlet side to the outlet side, and the restrictor of the restrictor 1103 has a variable cross-section. 11, in this embodiment, the current limiting portion is provided with a plurality of stepped surfaces with different cross-sectional areas from the free end to the connecting end. The relative positions of the flow restrictor 1103 and the overflow outlet 103 are controlled to change the overflow amount of the overflow outlet 10 per unit time.

Embodiment 5: In this embodiment, the overflow outlet 10 is a variable-section through port, and its specific structure can be any of the above-mentioned Embodiments 1 and 2. The specific structure can be any of the above-mentioned Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4. The driving member 14 changes the overflow area at the overflow outlet 10 by controlling the movement of the flow restricting member 11 , In order to change the overflow amount of the overflow channel 22 .

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the present application will be further described in detail below by taking the overflow outlet 10 as a fixed cross-section and the flow restricting portion of the flow restrictor 11 as a variable cross-section as an example:

When the restrictor 11 is in the position shown in FIG. 2 , the overflow outlet 10 is fully opened, and the overflow channel 22 will discharge a part of the displacement. At this time, the primary rotating member 5 and the The secondary rotating member 8 will generate a rotational speed difference, and the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 will generate a mud pressure wave with a frequency f1;

When the flow restrictor 11 is in the position shown in FIG. 3 , the overflow outlet 10 is partially blocked by the flow restrictor 11 , and the overflow amount of the overflow outlet 10 per unit time will be reduced. When the overflow outlet 10 is fully opened, the displacement of the mud flowing through the secondary rotating member 8 will increase, the speed difference between the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 will decrease, and the The speed difference between the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 is also reduced accordingly. At this time, the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 will generate a mud pressure wave with a frequency of f ₂ , where f ₂ < f ₁ ;

When the restrictor 11 is in the position shown in FIG. 4 , the overflow outlet 10 is completely covered by the restrictor 11 , at this time the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 The mud displacement is the same, the rotational speed of the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8 is the same, and the primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 no longer have a rotational speed difference. frequency is 0.

When the overflow port and the restrictor 11 adopt more variable cross-sectional structures than those shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , by controlling the displacement of the restrictor 11 , more mud pressures with different frequencies can be obtained. wave signal, so as to obtain different signal capacity at different well depth positions, and finally obtain data information of different capacity according to different well depths. The adjustment of the frequency of the pulse signal realizes the real-time online adjustment of the downhole operation and provides a guarantee for the smooth progress of the drilling operation.

The secondary valve body 6 has a secondary matching portion that cooperates with the primary valve body 4 to change the flow area of mud at the rotary valve, and is fixedly connected to the secondary matching portion and to the secondary matching portion. The secondary connection to which the rotary member 8 is coupled. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the overflow channel 22 is opened in the secondary connecting part, so that the displacement of the mud flowing through the secondary rotating member 8 is less than or equal to that flowing through the primary rotating member 5 mud displacement, the whole mud flow process and the final confluence process are smoother, and the structure design of the signal generator is convenient, which is helpful for the reduction of the radial size and the axial size of the signal generator, Thus, the reliability of the working performance of the signal generator is improved.

The overflow channel 22 further includes an overflow inlet 19, and the overflow inlet 19 is disposed at the secondary connection portion. The application does not specifically limit the number of the overflow inlets 19. The secondary connection portion One overflow inlet 19 may be provided, or a plurality of the overflow inlets 19 may be provided. Preferably, the secondary connecting portion is provided with a plurality of the overflow inlets 19 at intervals along the circumferential direction thereof, and further, the plurality of the overflow inlets 19 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the secondary connecting portion, thereby This facilitates the flow of the mud and avoids the uniform pressure distribution of the mud in the secondary valve body 6, so that a part of the mud can smoothly enter the overflow channel 22 through the overflow inlet 19, and another part of the mud can smoothly flow to the secondary valve body 6. The stage rotor 8 flows and flows out through said mud outlet 21 .

As a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1 , the included angle between the axial direction of the overflow inlet 19 and the flow direction of the mud is an acute angle, so that the mud in the overflow portion can conform to the overall flow of the mud It can easily flow into the overflow channel 22 in the same direction, which reduces the level of turbulence, reduces the chaotic oscillation of the mud, and reduces the interaction force between the mud layer and the mud layer, which not only facilitates the flow of the mud, but also reduces the mud in the mud. Impact wear on the secondary valve body 6 at the overflow inlet 19 .

The primary valve body 4 has a primary matching portion that cooperates with the secondary valve body 6 to change the flow area of mud at the rotary valve, and is fixedly connected to the primary matching portion and to the primary rotating member 5 . primary connection part of the coupling. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the primary rotating member 5 is sleeved on the outside of the primary connecting portion; the secondary rotating member 8 is sleeved on the outside of the secondary connecting portion, compared to passing In terms of the way in which mechanical transmission components such as couplings and transmission shafts realize the connection between the valve body and the rotating parts, this embodiment can greatly shorten the axial length of the pulse signal generator, increase the reliability of its operation, and is especially convenient for its use in the underground. Flexibility in turns.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the primary rotating member 5 is connected with the primary valve body 4 through a key 3 , and the secondary rotating member 8 is connected with the secondary valve body 6 through a key 7 . The connection realizes the assembly of the rotating part and the valve body, and the alignment is good. It is not only easy to install, which helps to improve the assembly efficiency, but also convenient to disassemble. It can easily replace the rotating parts. The displacement of the secondary rotating part 8 is adjusted, thereby expanding the applicable range of the signal generator.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the hollow cavity in the present application is further provided with a primary valve body support 2 and a secondary valve body support 9 , and the primary valve body 4 is rotatably connected to the primary valve body support 2 , the secondary valve body 6 is rotatably connected with the secondary valve body support 9 . In one embodiment, the overflow outlet 10 is disposed at the end of the secondary valve body 6 (the end refers to the end of the secondary connecting portion away from the secondary matching portion). In another embodiment, the overflow outlet 10 is disposed at the end of the secondary valve body support member 9, so that the movement stroke of the flow restrictor 11 can be shortened, and it is helpful for the signal generator to operate. miniaturization.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic warehouse 12 is provided with a drain hole 18 that can communicate with the overflow outlet 10 , and the mud flowing out through the overflow outlet 10 flows into the electronic warehouse through the drain hole 18 12 and finally flows out through the mud outlet 21. As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the included angle between the axial direction of the drain hole 18 and the mud flow direction outside the electronic warehouse 12 is an obtuse angle, so that the mud in the overflow part can conform to the overall flow direction of the mud and is convenient It flows into the outer side of the electronic warehouse 12, which reduces the turbulence level, reduces the chaotic oscillation of the mud, reduces the interaction force between the mud layer and the mud layer, and facilitates the flow of the mud.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic chamber 12 is provided with a balance plunger 13 . The balance plunger 13 can complete the balance between the internal pressure of the electronic chamber 12 and the external pressure of the electronic chamber 12 to avoid the electronic chamber 12 Damage caused by an imbalance of internal and external pressures.

The present application also discloses a method for transmitting pressure pulses in a fluid, the method comprising: providing a pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator comprising a housing 1 having: a hollow cavity, and respectively The mud inlet 20 and the mud outlet 21 communicate with the hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity is provided with: a rotary valve, the rotary valve includes a primary valve body 4 and a secondary valve body 6 arranged in sequence along the mud flow direction, The primary valve body 4 and the secondary valve body 6 can rotate at different rates to change the flow area of mud at the rotary valve; the primary rotating member 5 used to drive the primary valve body 4 to rotate, the primary The rotating member 5 is driven to rotate by the mud; the secondary rotating member 8 for driving the secondary valve body 6 to rotate, the secondary rotating member 8 is driven to rotate by the mud; and the mud displacement adjusting unit, the mud displacement adjusting unit It includes an overflow channel 22 capable of shunting mud, and the overflow channel 22 is provided on the rotary valve, the primary rotating member 5 and/or the secondary rotating member 8; the mud displacement adjusting unit also Including an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the overflow amount of the overflow channel 22, so that the displacement of the mud flowing through the primary rotating part 5 and the displacement of the mud flowing through the secondary rotating part 8 are equal to each other. The difference is an adjustable variable, and the primary valve and the secondary valve can operate with an adjustable rotational speed difference;

flowing the mud through the pulse generator;

The overflow amount of the overflow channel 22 is adjusted by the mud displacement adjustment unit, so as to adjust the difference between the mud displacement of the primary rotating member 5 and the secondary rotating member 8;

Generates a pressure wave signal with an adjustable frequency.

The method in the present application utilizes the above-mentioned signal generator to obtain a mud pressure wave signal with adjustable frequency, and the beneficial effect of the signal generator in obtaining the pressure wave signal also extends to this method, which will not be repeated here.

The present application also discloses a drill collar, which includes a casing, and the above-mentioned downhole pulse signal generator is arranged in the casing.

The present application also discloses a drilling equipment, including a drill string and a drill bit, the equipment further includes a drill collar for connecting the drill string and the drill bit, and the drill collar is the drill collar as described above; the The hollow cavity is also provided with a control unit and a data acquisition unit for transmitting downhole data to the control unit, and the data acquisition unit includes a measurement-while-drilling instrument and/or a logging-while-drilling instrument 17 . It should be noted that the measurement-while-drilling instrument and/or the logging-while-drilling instrument 17 includes but is not limited to measurement-while-drilling modules such as a borehole attitude measurement unit, a resistivity module, and a gamma module.

The control unit includes a control module 16, a modulation module and a surface demodulation module, the control module 16 is used to control the adjustment mechanism, and the modulation module is used to encode and modulate the downhole data into the mud pressure wave , and transmit data to the ground demodulation module through the pulse signal generator.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic compartment 12 is provided with a pressure-bearing sealed connector 15 , and the driving member 14 establishes communication with the control module 16 through the pressure-bearing sealed connector 15 to realize the current limiting member 11 control, so as to realize the adjustment of the overflow amount, and the adjustable signal frequency can be obtained to meet the different requirements for the collection of downhole data and information at different well depth positions during the drilling process.

The places not mentioned in this application can be realized by adopting or learning from the existing technology.

Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

The above descriptions are merely examples of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of this application are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims (10)

1. A downhole pulse signal generator comprising a housing having: the cavity, and respectively with the mud entry and the mud export of cavity intercommunication, its characterized in that, be provided with in the cavity:

the rotary valve comprises a primary valve body and a secondary valve body which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of the slurry, and the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can be mutually matched to change the flow area of the slurry at the rotary valve;

a primary rotor for driving rotation of the primary valve body, the primary rotor being driven in rotation by the mud;

a secondary rotor for driving rotation of the secondary valve body, the secondary rotor being driven in rotation by the mud; and

the slurry discharge regulating unit comprises an overflow channel capable of distributing slurry, and the overflow channel is arranged on the primary valve body or the secondary valve body; the mud displacement regulating unit further comprises a regulating mechanism, the regulating mechanism is used for regulating the overflow quantity of the overflow channel, so that the difference value of the mud displacement flowing through the primary rotating member and the mud displacement flowing through the secondary rotating member is an adjustable variable, and the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can operate at an adjustable rotation speed difference.

2. The downhole pulse signal generator of claim 1,

the adjusting mechanism comprises a flow-limiting piece and a driving piece for driving the flow-limiting piece to move, the overflow channel is provided with an overflow outlet, and the flow-limiting piece is provided with a flow-limiting part capable of opening, closing or partially shielding the overflow outlet;

the overflow outlet is a variable cross-section through opening, and/or the flow limiting part is of a structure with a variable cross section, and the driving piece changes the overflow area at the overflow outlet by controlling the movement amount of the flow limiting piece so as to change the overflow amount of the overflow channel.

3. A downhole pulse signal generator according to claim 2,

the flow limiting piece is driven by the driving piece to do linear motion.

4. A downhole pulse signal generator according to claim 3,

the movement direction of the flow-limiting piece is parallel to the axial direction of the overflow outlet.

5. The downhole pulse signal generator of claim 1,

the secondary valve body is provided with a secondary matching part which is matched with the primary valve body to change the flow area of the mud at the rotary valve, and a secondary connecting part which is fixedly connected with the secondary matching part and is connected with the secondary rotary part, and the overflow channel is arranged on the secondary connecting part.

6. A downhole pulse signal generator according to claim 5,

the primary valve body is provided with a primary matching part which is matched with the secondary valve body to change the flow area of the slurry at the rotary valve, and a primary connecting part which is fixedly connected with the primary matching part and is connected with the primary rotating part, and the primary rotating part is sleeved on the outer side of the primary connecting part;

the secondary rotating part is sleeved on the outer side of the secondary connecting part.

7. The downhole pulse signal generator of claim 6,

the primary rotating part is in key connection with the primary valve body, and the secondary rotating part is in key connection with the secondary valve body.

8. A method for transmitting pressure pulses in a fluid, comprising:

providing a pulse signal generator comprising a housing having: the cavity, and respectively with mud entry and the mud export of cavity intercommunication, be provided with in the cavity: the rotary valve comprises a primary valve body and a secondary valve body which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of the slurry, and the primary valve body and the secondary valve body can rotate at different speeds to change the flow area of the slurry at the rotary valve; a primary rotor for driving rotation of the primary valve body, the primary rotor being driven in rotation by the mud; a secondary rotor for driving rotation of the secondary valve body, the secondary rotor being driven in rotation by the mud; the mud displacement adjusting unit comprises an overflow channel capable of dividing mud, and the overflow channel is arranged on the rotary valve, the primary rotary piece and/or the secondary rotary piece; the mud displacement regulating unit further comprises a regulating mechanism, the regulating mechanism is used for regulating the overflow quantity of the overflow channel so that the difference value of the mud displacement flowing through the primary rotating member and the mud displacement flowing through the secondary rotating member is an adjustable variable, and the primary valve and the secondary valve can operate at an adjustable speed difference;

flowing mud through the pulse signal generator;

adjusting the overflow amount of the overflow channel by the slurry discharge amount adjustment unit to adjust the difference in the slurry discharge amounts of the primary and secondary rotating members;

a pressure wave signal having an adjustable frequency is generated.

9. A drill collar comprises a shell and is characterized in that,

a downhole pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is arranged in the housing.

10. Drilling apparatus comprising a drill string and a drill bit, wherein the apparatus further comprises a drill collar for connecting the drill string and the drill bit, the drill collar being as claimed in claim 9;

the hollow cavity is internally provided with a control unit and a data acquisition unit used for transmitting downhole data to the control unit, the data acquisition unit comprises a measurement while drilling instrument and/or a logging while drilling instrument, the control unit comprises a control module, a modulation module and a ground demodulation module, the control module is used for controlling the adjusting mechanism, and the modulation module is used for encoding and modulating the downhole data into mud pressure waves and transmitting the data to the ground demodulation module through the pulse generator.

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