CN111575526A - Copper-selenium contact wire for electrified railway and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Copper-selenium contact wire for electrified railway and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111575526A CN111575526A CN202010443173.6A CN202010443173A CN111575526A CN 111575526 A CN111575526 A CN 111575526A CN 202010443173 A CN202010443173 A CN 202010443173A CN 111575526 A CN111575526 A CN 111575526A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
Abstract
A copper selenium alloy contact line for an electrified railway and a preparation process thereof are disclosed, wherein the copper selenium alloy contact line comprises the following components: 0.30-0.80% (wt.%) of selenium, 0.03-0.08% (wt.%) of rare earth elements, less than or equal to 0.04% (wt.%) of zirconium, less than or equal to 0.05% (wt.%) of impurity elements, and the balance copper. The copper selenium alloy contact wire is obtained by adopting a mode of smelting in a high-frequency smelting furnace and combining up-drawing continuous casting rapid cooling to obtain a copper selenium alloy casting rod and through continuous extrusion and multi-pass drawing cold processing. The copper selenium alloy contact line obtained by the invention has excellent conductivity and high tensile strength, and completely meets the requirements of high strength and high conductivity of the contact line of the electrified railway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a contact network line material for a high-speed railway, in particular to a copper-selenium alloy contact line for the high-speed railway and a production process thereof.
Background
At present, contact net line materials for high-speed railways in China mainly comprise three materials, namely Cu-Ag, Cu-Mg and Cu-Sn, and with the rapid development of electrified railways and the high requirements of people on traveling speed, a new generation of railway trunk line which is more efficient and rapid is urgently needed to be developed, but the Cu-Sn alloy has good conductivity but the strength is difficult to reach the high-strength standard and cannot be suitable for the operation speed of more than 300 km/h; the Cu-Mg alloy has good tensile strength and can meet the requirement of the contact line strength of a high-speed railway, but the Cu-Mg alloy still cannot meet the current taking standard of the high-speed railway due to the limitation of lower conductivity. Calculating the line fluctuation speed 596km/h of the contact line of the high-speed railway when the train speed reaches 380km/h, so that an effective measure for obtaining a larger fluctuation speed is to increase the working tension and reduce the weight of the contact line; meanwhile, the high-speed train needs a stable current taking effect of more than 1000A while moving rapidly, so that the contact line is required to have good conductivity and large current-carrying capacity. Therefore, the contact line meeting the requirement of the future rapid railway firstly needs to meet high tensile strength so as to meet the working tension caused by the fluctuation of the contact line when a train operates, and secondly needs to have good conductivity so as to obtain a stable current taking effect.
In 2005, a novel Cu-Cr-Zr aging-strengthened alloy material is brought to the Beijing exhibition for the first time in Japan, and has excellent comprehensive performance, but the novel Cu-Cr-Zr aging-strengthened alloy has many defects, so that the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy can not be used in large scale at present, the manufacturing cost is high, and the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy needs aging strengthening unlike solid solution strengthened alloys such as copper magnesium, copper tin, copper silver and the like, so that heat treatment related equipment is used, and the investment is increased; secondly, the common smelting furnace with serious burning loss of Cr and Zr alloy elements is difficult to realize upward continuous casting; finally, the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy belongs to precipitation strengthening type alloy, and the application of the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy in the contact line industry is severely limited by a series of factors such as immature solution aging treatment process and the like.
The copper selenium alloy obtained by the invention has excellent comprehensive performance, excellent conductivity and strength, and good machinability. The test in the embodiment 1 shows that the conductivity of the copper selenium alloy contact wire material is 91% IACS, the tensile strength is more than 540MPa, and the copper selenium alloy contact wire material has wide application prospect in the rapid railway industry in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity copper selenium alloy contact line and a preparation process thereof, aiming at the defects of the contact line technology for the existing electrified railway, making up the blank of the production process of the copper selenium alloy contact line in China.
The invention is characterized in that selenium element replaces magnesium, tin and silver element, the element is smelted by a high-frequency smelting furnace, graphite flake double-layer covers the surface of molten metal to prevent oxidation, an upward continuous casting mode is adopted to combine with rapid cooling to obtain a copper selenium alloy cast rod, then an extrusion rod is obtained through continuous extrusion and on-line solid solution, and finally a copper selenium alloy finished product contact wire is obtained through multi-pass drawing. The product not only meets the requirement of the grain size of the contact line specified by TB/T2809-2017, but also meets the characteristics of high strength and high conductivity of a new generation of railway contact lines, and meanwhile, the selenium element has the advantages of environmental protection, no pollution and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the copper-selenium alloy contact wire obtained by the invention has effective alloy elements of Se, rare earth element RE, trace element Zr and the balance of copper, a high-frequency smelting furnace is adopted for smelting and combining a mode of upward continuous casting and rapid cooling to obtain a copper-selenium alloy cast rod, and the copper-selenium alloy contact wire is obtained through continuous extrusion and multi-pass drawing cold processing.
The copper selenium alloy contact wire material provided by the invention comprises the following elements:
selenium: 0.30-0.80% (wt.%)
Zirconium: less than or equal to 0.04% (wt.%) of
Rare earth elements: 0.03% -0.08% (wt.%)
Unavoidable impurities: less than or equal to 0.05% (wt.)
The balance being Cu.
The preparation process of the high-strength high-conductivity copper-selenium alloy contact line provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials of a cathode copper plate, a copper-selenium intermediate alloy, a copper-zirconium intermediate alloy and a rare earth copper intermediate alloy, and calculating the ratio according to the target alloy components.
Step two: before smelting, oil stains and verdigris on the surface of a cathode copper plate need to be cleaned, the raw material needs to be baked before the cathode copper plate is placed into a smelting furnace, after the copper plate is molten, the weighed binary alloy is placed into the furnace according to the contents of selenium, zirconium and rare earth elements, and graphite is covered after the copper plate is placed into the furnace each time; the crystallizer sucks molten metal by utilizing siphon action and combines quick cooling to obtain the copper-selenium alloy cast rod under the traction of the traction wheel.
Step three: extruding the copper-selenium alloy cast rod by using a continuous extruder, wherein the front end of the continuous extrusion is provided with a medium-frequency induction heating device, the rear end of the continuous extrusion is provided with an online solid solution channel, and the pressing amount of a compaction wheel and the clearance of a die cavity are required to be adjusted before the extrusion; and preheating the alloy cast rod, then feeding the preheated alloy cast rod into a die cavity gap, and carrying out solution treatment on the extruded rod through an online solid solution channel, and then feeding the extruded rod into a cooling water tank for cooling treatment to obtain the fine-grained structure extruded rod.
Step four: and (4) obtaining the copper-selenium contact net wire with the fine crystalline structure through multi-pass cold drawing forming.
In a specific case, in the second step: the crystallizer is a graphite crystallizer, a coating containing zirconium is coated on the inner wall of the graphite crystallizer, the graphite crystallizer is baked for 1-2 hours before copper liquid is inserted, and the depth of the crystallizer for inserting the copper liquid is 150-200 mm. The traction speed is about 200 and 300mm/min, and the cooling water flow is about 35-40L/min.
In the third step, before extrusion, bottom copper is pressed into the extrusion wheel groove in advance, the bottom copper pressed into the wheel groove is formed by heating a pure copper rod to 700-900 ℃, surface oxide skin needs to be removed before the bottom copper is pressed into the wheel groove, and the bottom copper is sequentially pressed into the wheel groove end to end. The friction force is increased by pressing in bottom copper, and the rolling-in capacity of the alloy cast rod is enhanced.
In the third step, the feeding port of the rod blank of the continuous extruder is provided with a medium-frequency induction heating device with the length of about 500mm, the rod blank slowly passes through the device, the heating temperature is about 300-400 ℃, hot extrusion is realized, the rod blank is softened to reduce the extrusion difficulty, and the service life of the extrusion tool can be prolonged.
In the third step, the continuous extruder mainly comprises a compaction wheel and an extrusion wheel which are coaxially arranged up and down, shoe bases are arranged on the rear sides of the compaction wheel and the extrusion wheel, arc-shaped baffles are arranged on the inner sides of the shoe bases, a shunting die is arranged below the shoe bases, and a material blocking block is arranged in front of the shunting die and is close to the extrusion wheel; an online solid solution channel is arranged behind the shunting die, a heating device is arranged in the online solid solution channel, and a cooling water pool is arranged behind the online solid solution channel.
In the third step, the rear end of the continuous extruder is provided with an online solid solution channel, the middle layer of the channel is wound with a resistance wire, the effect is equal to that of a heat treatment furnace, the temperature of the channel is controlled between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃, the aim is to effectively recrystallize in the continuous extrusion process to obtain a fine grain structure, and then more selenium can be dissolved in the copper matrix in a solid solution mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a novel high-strength high-conductivity copper-selenium contact line. The copper selenium alloy as the embodiment of the invention has the electric conductivity of 91 percent IACS and the tensile strength of 540 MPa.
2. The invention replaces Mg \ Sn \ Ag element with Se, reduces the manufacturing cost, improves the cutting processability of the copper alloy and is easy to machine and form.
3. Compared with copper tin, copper magnesium and copper silver, the copper selenium contact wire has excellent tensile strength and conductivity. Can completely meet the development requirement of the future electrified railway.
4. The invention develops the new application of selenium, makes up the blank of copper selenium in the contact line industry in China, and provides new materials and development directions for the high-strength high-conductivity contact network line of the electrified railway.
5. The copper selenium alloy belongs to solid solution type reinforced alloy, and compared with copper chromium zirconium alloy, the copper selenium alloy contact line processing has the advantages of simple processing technology, easier realization of batch production and higher process stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an up-drawing continuous casting crystallizer in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the continuous extruder of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the splitting die of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preparation and performance evaluation of copper-selenium alloy material
Example 1
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.21Se-0.02 Zr-0.063% Re (wt.%) as an example, the specific implementation measures are as follows:
1. preparing the material
Copper selenium binary alloy, copper rare earth alloy, copper zirconium alloy and high-purity copper; and the equipment required for smelting is fully prepared, such as a crucible, a casting mould, prepared paint and the like;
2. calculating the mixture ratio
The required material is calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the capacity of the crucible is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 11g
Copper-zirconium alloy: 1g
Copper rare earth alloy: 3g
Copper: balance of
Because each element in the actual smelting process has a small amount of burning loss due to different activity, the alloy dosage is properly increased according to the specific burning loss condition and different smelting processes and operation methods.
3. Smelting and casting
Preheating the crucible in a baking oven at 200-300 ℃ for 1-2h, then coating the surface of the crucible with a coating, and baking again until the coating on the surface of the crucible is uniform and does not peel off and fall off; before smelting, placing the prepared raw material copper alloy block into a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to be 200-300 ℃, baking for about 1-2h, and then sequentially placing the baked alloy into a graphite crucible; smelting the alloy by adopting a high-frequency vacuum furnace, setting the temperature to be about 1100-1200 ℃, and preserving the heat for about 30min after the alloy is completely molten to prepare for casting; before casting, the casting die is required to be baked for 1-2h at the temperature of 250-300 ℃, and the surface is coated with a coating until the surface coating is uniform and does not fall off; and (3) introducing inert shielding gas all the time during casting, and taking out the alloy block after the casting is finished and the alloy block is slowly cooled.
4. Equal channel angular extrusion
The obtained copper selenium alloy ingot was cut into extruded sample sizes of 19.5X 45 mm. Coating graphite emulsion on the surface of a copper selenium alloy sample, uniformly coating the graphite emulsion in a cavity of an extrusion die, putting the copper selenium alloy sample into the extrusion die, heating the copper selenium alloy sample and the extrusion die together to 500-600 ℃, and preserving the heat for about 15-30 min to perform one-pass or multi-pass extrusion.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the copper selenium alloy with the tensile strength of about 500 MPa. And then, grinding the small sample into a metallographic sample, and carrying out conductivity test by using a portable testing device to obtain the IACS with the conductivity of 86.5%.
Example 2
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.31Se-0.04 Zr-0.062% Re (wt.%) as an example, the required materials are calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the crucible capacity is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 15.5g
Copper-zirconium alloy: 2g
Copper rare earth alloy: 3g
Copper: balance of
The specific process steps are the same as in example 1.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the copper selenium alloy with the tensile strength of 540 MPa. And then, grinding the small sample into a metallographic sample, and carrying out conductivity test by using a portable testing device to obtain the IACS with the conductivity of 91%.
Example 3
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.42Se-0.04Zr-0.042Re (wt.%) as an example, the required materials are calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the crucible capacity is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 21g of
Copper-zirconium alloy: 2g
Copper rare earth alloy: 2.1g
Copper: balance of
The specific process steps are the same as in example 1.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the copper selenium alloy with the tensile strength of 560 MPa. Then, a small sample was ground into a gold image sample, and subjected to conductivity test using a portable test apparatus to obtain an IACS having a conductivity of 85%.
Example 4
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.50Se-0.02Zr-0.045Re (wt.%) as an example, the required materials are calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the crucible capacity is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 25g of
Copper-zirconium alloy: 1g
Copper rare earth alloy: 2.3g
Copper: balance of
The specific process steps are the same as in example 1.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the tensile strength 571MPa of the copper selenium alloy. Then, a small sample was ground into a gold image sample, and subjected to conductivity test using a portable test apparatus to obtain an IACS having a conductivity of 85%.
Example 5
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.72Se-0.04Zr-0.024Re (wt.%) as an example, the required materials are calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the crucible capacity is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 36g of
Copper-zirconium alloy: 2g
Copper rare earth alloy: 2.1g
Copper: balance of
The specific process steps are the same as in example 1.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the copper selenium alloy with the tensile strength of 585 Mpa. Then, a small sample is taken and ground into a gold image sample, and a portable testing device is used for conducting conductivity testing to obtain the IACS with the conductivity of 82%.
Example 6
Taking the final alloy product component Cu-0.90Se-0.04Zr-0.030Re (wt.%) as an example, the required materials are calculated according to the content of the alloy components, and the crucible capacity is calculated by 1000 g. The required alloy weights were as follows:
copper selenium alloy: 45g of
Copper-zirconium alloy: 2g
Copper rare earth alloy: 1.5g
Copper: balance of
The specific process steps are the same as in example 1.
And cutting the extruded copper selenium alloy sample into a standard dumbbell-shaped tensile sample for tensile test to obtain the copper selenium alloy tensile strength of 501 MPa. Then, a small sample was ground into a gold-like sample, and subjected to conductivity test using a portable test apparatus to obtain an IACS having a conductivity of 83%.
The invention respectively carries out the performance research of the copper selenium alloy with Se content of 0.3-0.8% (wt.%) and Se content of 0.3-0.8% (wt.%), and the results of the tensile strength and conductivity tests on the copper selenium alloy samples obtained in the above examples are analyzed to draw the conclusion that: when the Se content is above 0.3-0.8% (wt.%), or below 0.3-0.8% (wt.%), it was found that the best performance of the copper selenium alloy could not be achieved.
Production process of copper-selenium alloy contact wire
The optimal alloy element components obtained in the first part are used as a raw material proportioning basis of the copper-selenium alloy contact line, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 0.30-0.80% (wt.%) of selenium, 0.03-0.08% (wt.%) of rare earth elements, less than or equal to 0.04% (wt.%) of zirconium, less than or equal to 0.05% (wt.%) of impurity elements, and the balance copper.
The specific production process of the copper selenium alloy contact wire comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials of a cathode copper plate, a copper-selenium intermediate alloy, a copper-zirconium intermediate alloy and a rare earth-copper intermediate alloy (rare earth elements mainly comprise cerium and/or lanthanum), and calculating the mixture ratio according to the alloy components.
(2) Step two: before smelting, oil stains, verdigris and the like on the surface of a cathode copper plate need to be cleaned, the raw materials need to be baked for 10-20min before being placed into a smelting furnace, and after the copper plate is molten, the weighed binary alloy is placed into a heat-preserving furnace cavity according to the contents of selenium, zirconium and rare earth elements, so that the burning loss of the alloy elements is reduced; covering the copper plate with graphite each time, wherein the thickness of the graphite is about 50-100mm, and the graphite is detected by S, P content and can be used below a standard value; copper liquid is sucked by utilizing the siphon action of the crystallizer and is combined with rapid cooling to obtain the copper selenium alloy cast rod with the diameter of phi 20-phi 30mm under the traction of the traction wheel, the traction speed is about 200-300mm/min, and the cooling water flow is about 35-40L/min.
(3) Step three: before the continuous extrusion is started, the die is required to be baked for 2-3h in a furnace at 500 ℃, before the extrusion, the pressing amount of a compaction wheel and the clearance of a die cavity are required to be adjusted, and bottom copper is pressed in a groove of the extrusion wheel; adjusting the temperature of the induction heating device to about 300-400 ℃ and the temperature of the online solid solution channel to about 500-600 ℃, and cooling the extrusion rod through a cooling water tank to obtain the phi 25-phi 30mm fine crystal structure extrusion rod after extrusion, wherein the average grain size is less than or equal to 0.030 mm.
(4) Step four: obtaining 120mm after multi-pass cold drawing forming2And 150mm2The copper selenium contact net wire with high strength and high conductivity fine grain structure needs to be lubricated and cooled by emulsion in the drawing process, and a flaw detector is started in the whole process to detect the finished contact line.
In a specific situation, the structure of the up-drawing continuous casting crystallizer used in the second step is shown in fig. 1, wherein the crystallizer uses a graphite mold 4, the periphery uses a heat insulation protective sleeve 3, and cooling water is introduced between the graphite mold 4 and the heat insulation protective sleeve 3. The molten metal 2 is led out upwards under the siphon action of the crystallizer, and is rapidly cooled to form an alloy casting rod 1, and the alloy casting rod is continuously led out to a continuous extruder through an external traction wheel.
In a concrete situation, the structure of the continuous extrusion machine adopted in the third step is shown in fig. 2, the continuous extrusion machine mainly comprises a compaction wheel 8 and an extrusion wheel 11 which are coaxially arranged up and down, a medium-frequency induction heating device 9 is arranged on the front sides of the compaction wheel 8 and the extrusion wheel 11, a shoe base 6 is arranged on the rear sides of the compaction wheel 8 and the extrusion wheel 11, an arc-shaped baffle 7 is arranged on the inner side of the shoe base 6, a shunting die 5 is arranged below the shoe base 6, a material blocking block 12 is arranged in front of the shunting die 5, and the material blocking block 12 is close to the extrusion wheel 11; an online solid solution channel 15 is arranged behind the shunting die 5, a heating device is arranged in the online solid solution channel 15, and a cooling water pool is arranged behind the online solid solution channel 15. Referring to fig. 3, the cavity diameter of the split die 5 is large in the front and small in the rear, and the taper is 5-10 °. The front and the back of the split die 5 can be respectively provided with a front alloy insert 13 and a back alloy insert 14 to form a whole set of extrusion die. The continuous extrusion machine adopts a detachable alloy insert, and aims to facilitate replacement of an abrasion alloy block.
In the third step, the front end of the continuous extruder is provided with the medium-frequency induction heating device with the length of about 500mm, the rod blank slowly passes through the device, the hot extrusion is realized at the heating temperature of about 300 ℃, the effect of the device is mainly to soften the rod blank to reduce the extrusion difficulty, and the service life of the extrusion tool can be prolonged.
And in the third step, before extrusion, pressing bottom copper in an extrusion wheel groove, wherein the bottom copper pressed in the wheel groove is a pure copper rod, heating to about 700-900 ℃, removing surface oxide skin before extruding into the wheel groove, and sequentially pressing into the wheel groove end to end. The friction force is increased by pressing in bottom copper, and the rolling-in capacity of the alloy cast rod is enhanced.
And in the third step, a resistance wire is wound in the online solid solution channel, the effect is equal to that of a heat treatment furnace, the temperature of the channel is controlled to be between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃, the aim is to effectively recrystallize in the continuous extrusion process to obtain a fine crystal structure, and secondly, more selenium can be dissolved in the copper matrix in a solid solution mode.
In the fourth step, the extruded rod blank is drawn for multiple times to obtain the cross section area of 120mm2Or 150mm2The copper selenium alloy contact line is subjected to nondestructive flaw detection in the drawing process, whether the surface of the copper selenium alloy contact line has defects such as peeling or microcracks or the like is detected, the range of the die angle of the drawing die is 5-15 degrees, and the angle of each die is reduced in sequence.
Example 7
A preparation process of a copper selenium alloy contact line for a high-speed railway is provided, the cross-sectional area of the copper selenium alloy contact line is 120mm2It comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and calculating the alloy ratio. Because the alloy has partial burning loss in the smelting process, the alloy dosage is properly increased according to the burning loss condition of each element so as to ensure that the components of the obtained copper-selenium alloy cast rod are the target alloy.
Step two: after the mixture ratio is calculated, preparing raw materials of standard cathode copper, copper-selenium binary alloy, copper-zirconium alloy and copper-rare earth alloy, and cleaning verdigris and dirt on the surface of the cathode copper plate.
Step three: baking cathode copper for 10-15min, putting into a high-frequency smelting furnace, and covering graphite flakes with the thickness of 100mm to prevent copper liquid from being oxidized; and after the copper plate is melted, putting the weighed copper-selenium intermediate alloy, copper-zirconium alloy and copper-rare earth alloy into a furnace in sequence. And baking the crystallizer for 1-2 hours, putting the crystallizer into the copper liquid, inserting the crystallizer into the copper liquid for 180mm, and leading out the alloy cast rod under the action of a traction wheel by utilizing the siphonage action of the crystallizer and combining a rapid cooling mode, wherein the speed of the traction wheel is 230mm/min, and the speed of cooling water is 35L/min, so that the copper selenium alloy cast rod with fine grains and uniform tissues is obtained.
Step four: a continuous extruder process. Before extrusion, the extrusion die needs to be preheated at 500 ℃, the gap of the extrusion equipment is adjusted to be 0.9mm, and the pressing distance of the compaction wheel is 7.6 mm. Adjusting the temperature of an induction heating device to 300 ℃ and the temperature of an online solid solution channel to 550 ℃; if more graphite is on the casting rod in the continuous extrusion process, the graphite on the surface of the casting rod needs to be cleaned by alcohol, so that the graphite is prevented from entering a wheel groove and being extruded unsmoothly; the circulating water in the cooling water tank has the temperature of 20 ℃ and the circulating speed of 50L/min.
Step five: and (5) cold drawing and forming. And (3) carrying out 5-pass cold drawing forming on the extruded blank by using a cold drawing machine, lubricating and cooling by using a lubricant in the cold drawing process, starting a flaw detector in the whole process to detect whether the surface of the contact wire has defects or not, and finally obtaining the high-strength high-conductivity copper-selenium finished contact wire, wherein the grain size average size of the copper-selenium alloy contact wire is about 20 microns through detection.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical effects and technical features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A copper selenium alloy contact wire for an electrified railway is characterized in that: the copper selenium alloy contact line comprises the following components:
2. the copper selenium alloy contact line of claim 1, wherein: the rare earth element is cerium and/or lanthanum.
3. The copper selenium alloy contact line of claim 1, wherein: the average grain size of the copper selenium alloy contact line is less than or equal to 0.030 mm.
4. The copper selenium alloy contact wire of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the copper selenium alloy contact wire is obtained by adopting a smelting furnace smelting combined with a mode of up-drawing continuous casting quick cooling to obtain a copper selenium alloy casting rod and through continuous extrusion and multi-pass drawing cold processing technology.
5. The Cu-Se alloy contact wire of claim 4, wherein: the preparation process of the copper selenium alloy contact line comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials of a cathode copper plate, a copper-selenium intermediate alloy, a copper-zirconium intermediate alloy and a rare earth copper intermediate alloy, and calculating the ratio according to the target alloy components;
step two: before smelting, oil stains and verdigris on the surface of a cathode copper plate need to be cleaned, the raw material needs to be baked before the cathode copper plate is placed into a smelting furnace, after the copper plate is molten, the weighed binary alloy is placed into the furnace according to the contents of selenium, zirconium and rare earth elements, and graphite is covered after the copper plate is placed into the furnace each time; the crystallizer sucks the molten metal by utilizing the siphon action and combines the molten metal with quick cooling to obtain a copper-selenium alloy cast rod under the traction of a traction wheel;
step three: extruding the copper-selenium alloy cast rod by using a continuous extruder, wherein the front end of the continuous extrusion is provided with a medium-frequency induction heating device, the rear end of the continuous extrusion is provided with an online solid solution channel, and the pressing amount of a compaction wheel and the clearance of a die cavity are required to be adjusted before the extrusion; preheating an alloy cast rod, then feeding the preheated alloy cast rod into a die cavity gap, and carrying out solution treatment on an extruded rod through an online solution channel, and then feeding the extruded rod into a cooling water tank for cooling treatment to obtain a fine-grained structure extruded rod;
step four: and (4) obtaining the copper-selenium contact net wire with the fine crystalline structure through multi-pass cold drawing forming.
6. The Cu-Se alloy contact wire of claim 5, wherein: in the second step, the crystallizer is a graphite crystallizer, the inner wall of the graphite crystallizer is coated with a coating containing zirconium element, the graphite crystallizer is baked for 1-2h before the copper liquid is inserted, and the depth of the crystallizer for inserting the copper liquid is 150-200 mm; the traction speed is about 200 and 300mm/min, and the cooling water flow is about 35-40L/min.
7. The Cu-Se alloy contact wire of claim 5, wherein: and in the third step, before extrusion, pre-pressing bottom copper into the extrusion wheel groove, wherein the bottom copper pressed into the wheel groove is formed by heating a pure copper rod to 700-900 ℃, removing surface oxide skin before extruding into the wheel groove, and sequentially pressing the pure copper rod into the wheel groove end to end.
8. The Cu-Se alloy contact wire of claim 5, wherein: in the third step, the temperature of the online solid solution channel is controlled between 500 ℃ and 600 ℃, so that recrystallization can be effectively carried out in the continuous extrusion process to obtain a fine crystalline structure, and more selenium can be solid-dissolved in the copper matrix.
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