CN111575484A - Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder - Google Patents

Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111575484A
CN111575484A CN202010324827.3A CN202010324827A CN111575484A CN 111575484 A CN111575484 A CN 111575484A CN 202010324827 A CN202010324827 A CN 202010324827A CN 111575484 A CN111575484 A CN 111575484A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
powder
valuable metals
waste lithium
corn
corn straw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010324827.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘春涛
王贵民
樊蕾
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Heilongjiang University
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Heilongjiang University
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Publication date
Application filed by Heilongjiang University filed Critical Heilongjiang University
Priority to CN202010324827.3A priority Critical patent/CN111575484A/en
Publication of CN111575484A publication Critical patent/CN111575484A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0453Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B23/0461Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder. The invention adopts the lithium cobalt oxide battery with wider application range and more usage amount as the raw material. In the valuable metal leaching process, the valuable metals in the waste lithium cobalt oxide batteries are leached by using corn straw powder as a reducing agent and citric acid as a leaching agent, and then the valuable metals are recovered in the form of metal salts by adopting a chemical precipitation method. The method not only realizes harmless utilization and metal resource recycling of the waste lithium battery, but also avoids environmental pollution caused by the corn straws, and simultaneously provides a new idea for crop waste treatment. Through detection, in the leaching process by using the corn straws, the leaching efficiency of cobalt and lithium is 85 percent and 98 percent respectively. The same studies as the present recovery method have not been found, in reference to relevant documents and patents.

Description

Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder, belonging to the field of solid waste recovery. The method can realize the recycling of various wastes, can also improve the utilization rate of agricultural wastes, and provides a new idea for processing crops.
Background
Lithium batteries are increasingly widely used in the fields of mobile devices, personal computers, electric vehicles and the like. They have attractive features of moderate volume and weight, superior electrochemical performance, etc., which may make them superior substitutes for other batteries (e.g., nickel cadmium batteries, zinc/MnO 2 batteries). They are usually composed of precious metals/metal oxides, organic chemicals, metal shells and plastics. The waste batteries generally contain valuable materials, and the recycling of the waste batteries may bring certain economic benefits. The total amount of waste lithium batteries in China is reported to exceed 250 hundred million by 2020. Under the normal use state, the service life of the lithium battery is only 3 years, and a large amount of waste lithium batteries are generated at that time. However, heavy metals and toxic organic substances contained in the waste lithium batteries may have adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the demand for the recycling of the waste lithium batteries in view of environmental protection and economic efficiency.
At present, the method for recycling the waste lithium batteries generally adopts the following steps: pretreatment → separation of current collector → leaching of valuable metal → recovery of valuable metal. Wherein the leaching of valuable metals plays a key role. The reported leaching modes are: pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and biometallurgical processes. The hydrometallurgical method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, short period, easy operation and the like, and is widely used. The hydrometallurgical process is to leach valuable metals through a leaching system consisting of a leaching agent and a reducing agent. The leaching agent mainly comprises an organic leaching agent and an inorganic leaching agent. The organic leaching agent gradually replaces the inorganic leaching agent due to the advantages of low pollution, low harm and low cost. The reducing agents include inorganic reducing agents, organic reducing agents and biomass reducing agents. In 2003, leaching was reported to be performed using hydrogen peroxide as an inorganic reducing agent, but the hydrogen peroxide has the defects of easy decomposition, high cost and the like, and sodium sulfite and inorganic reducing agents (ascorbic acid and glucose) are used for substitution. In the course of the study, waste tea leaves and american plant stem biomass reductants were reported to have good leaching efficiency.
Because the economic benefit of the corn straws is low, the corn straws are greatly left unused, and the corn straws are treated singly, and are usually treated by adopting an incineration mode. However, a large amount of corn straws are burnt to cause serious pollution to the air quality in the region and even haze, and serious threat is brought to the production and life of people. Compared with organic reducing agents and inorganic reducing agents, biomass reduction has a larger development prospect and space. Inorganic reducing agents and organic reducing agents have a narrow development space and have been gradually abandoned. The invention adopts the corn straw powder as the reducing agent, not only improves the utilization rate of waste resources, but also meets the requirement of environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The method of the invention utilizes corn straw powder to recover valuable metals in waste lithium batteries, and belongs to the field of solid waste recovery. Has the advantages of resource utilization, no pollution, low cost and the like. The method of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the corn straw contains a large amount of reducing groups, can reduce the metal ions which are difficult to leach in the waste lithium battery into the metal ions which are easy to leach, can obtain satisfactory results, and increases the agricultural waste treatment means, thereby being a recovery method with low cost, high recovery and prospect.
The recovery method comprises the following steps:
1. and (4) pretreating the waste lithium cobaltate battery. And (3) carrying out discharge treatment on the waste lithium battery by using saturated sodium chloride, and when the internal voltage of the waste lithium battery is reduced to below 1.5V, obtaining an electrode material by adopting a manual disassembly mode, and separating out the anode material.
2. Cutting the obtained positive electrode material into pieces of 2 × 2cm by using scissors, placing the pieces into a three-neck flask, injecting 200ml of nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone into the three-neck flask to submerge the positive electrode material, heating and stirring the mixture for 90min at 80 ℃, placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner to perform ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, observing that active substances in the positive electrode material are completely separated from an aluminum foil, recovering the aluminum foil, and filtering the obtained solution to obtain black powder. And putting the black powder into a tubular furnace, calcining for 4 hours to remove residual substances such as the adhesive, acetylene black and the like, and grinding the obtained lithium cobaltate powder for 30 minutes for later use.
3. The corn straws are ground into powder by a multifunctional grinder, and the required corn straw powder is obtained by using standard sieves of 120 meshes, 140 meshes and 180 meshes. Accurately weighing 0.8g of corn straw powder and 2.0g of lithium cobaltate powder, placing the corn straw powder and the lithium cobaltate powder in a three-neck flask, and adding 2.5mol/L of citric acid. Leaching the valuable metals under the conditions of the rotation speed of 400r/min, the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring time of 90 min.
4. And carrying out vacuum filtration on the leached solution to obtain a filtrate containing the valuable metals. And adding a proper amount of oxalic acid into the filtrate, heating and stirring for 30min, standing for 12h, filtering, drying the filtered precipitate at 80 ℃, and recovering the cobalt oxalate precipitate. And (3) adjusting the residual filtrate to be neutral by using sodium hydroxide, adding a saturated sodium carbonate solution, precipitating lithium in the form of lithium carbonate, heating the solution to 90 ℃, filtering while the solution is hot, and drying to obtain the lithium carbonate.

Claims (6)

1. A method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder comprises the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing a waste lithium cobalt oxide battery, performing discharge processing on the waste lithium cobalt oxide battery by using saturated sodium chloride, and obtaining an electrode material by adopting a manual disassembly mode when the internal voltage of the waste lithium battery is reduced to be lower than a safe voltage, and separating out a positive electrode material;
cutting the obtained positive electrode material into small pieces with the size of 2 multiplied by 2cm by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a three-neck flask, injecting a debonding agent into the three-neck flask, heating and stirring the materials for 90min at the temperature of 80 ℃, putting the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, observing that active substances in the positive electrode material are completely separated from an aluminum foil, recovering the aluminum foil, and filtering the obtained solution to obtain black powder; calcining the black powder in a tubular furnace for 4 hours to remove the residual adhesive, acetylene black and other substances, and grinding the obtained lithium cobaltate powder for 30 minutes for later use;
thirdly, grinding the corn straws into powder by adopting a multifunctional grinder, obtaining the required corn straw powder by using a standard sieve, accurately weighing 0.8g of the corn straw powder and the powder obtained in the second step, putting the corn straw powder and the powder into a three-neck flask, and adding 200ml of citric acid; leaching valuable metals at the rotation speed of 400r/min, the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring time of 90 min;
fourthly, carrying out vacuum filtration on the leached solution to obtain filtrate containing valuable metals, adding a corresponding chemical precipitator into the filtrate, heating and stirring for 30min, standing for 12h, filtering, drying the filtered precipitate at 80 ℃, obtaining cobalt oxalate precipitate and recycling; and (3) adjusting the residual filtrate to be neutral by using sodium hydroxide, adding a saturated chemical precipitator, precipitating lithium in the form of lithium carbonate, heating the solution to 90 ℃, filtering while the solution is hot, and drying to obtain the lithium carbonate.
2. The method for recycling valuable metals from waste lithium batteries by using corn stalk powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the safe voltage in the step one is 1.5V.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the debonding agent in the second step is methyl pyrrolidone.
4. The method for recycling valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn stalk powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of citric acid in the third step is 2.5 mol/L.
5. The method for recycling valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using the corn stalk powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standard sieves in the third step are 120 meshes, 160 meshes and 180 meshes.
6. The method for recycling valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn stalk powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical precipitant in step four is oxalic acid and saturated sodium carbonate.
CN202010324827.3A 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder Pending CN111575484A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010324827.3A CN111575484A (en) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010324827.3A CN111575484A (en) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Method for recovering valuable metals in waste lithium batteries by using corn straw powder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111575484A true CN111575484A (en) 2020-08-25

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115893511A (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-04-04 武汉大学 Method for recovering waste cobalt acid lithium battery cathode material by reduction of biomass pyrolysis gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115893511A (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-04-04 武汉大学 Method for recovering waste cobalt acid lithium battery cathode material by reduction of biomass pyrolysis gas

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Application publication date: 20200825