CN111575097B - Solution with optically variable viscosity and method for regulating fluid viscosity - Google Patents
Solution with optically variable viscosity and method for regulating fluid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2221/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Abstract
The application discloses a solution with photoinduced viscosity, which comprises functional molecules and a solvent for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the functional molecules are polymers formed by alternately connecting photoinduced structure change molecules and organic long-chain molecules, and the photoinduced structure change molecules can be converted into a first structure under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in a first wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure under the irradiation of visible light in a second wavelength range or near infrared light in a third wavelength range; the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a first structure having a photo-variable viscosity has a first viscosity and the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a second structure having a photo-variable viscosity has a second viscosity, the first viscosity being greater than the second viscosity. The application also discloses a method for regulating and controlling the viscosity of the fluid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science, and particularly relates to a solution with photoinduced viscosity and a method for regulating and controlling the viscosity of fluid.
Background
The change of viscosity plays an important role in the research of liquid pipeline transportation, interface lubrication and surface wetting. In previous studies, many scholars have attempted to alter the viscosity of fluids by physical or chemical means. For example, the electrorheological fluid is discovered by a teacher in Qinghua university field, and 20 mass percent of silicon dioxide nano particles are mixed with the PEG400 solution to prepare the electrorheological fluid with sensitive electroresponse. In addition, the nano iron powder and the base oil can be mixed to prepare the magnetorheological fluid, and the viscosity transformation of the magnetorheological fluid can be realized in an alternating magnetic field. However, the electrorheological fluid or the magnetorheological fluid needs dozens or even hundreds of volts of voltage for realizing the change of the viscosity, needs a complex magnetic field generating device, has electrochemical corrosion, is not suitable for occasions of non-electric conduction and magnetic shielding, and the like. In addition, there are also scholars who use pH to regulate fluid viscosity, but there are irreversible disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a solution of a photo-variable viscosity that can reversibly change its viscosity and a method of regulating the viscosity of a fluid.
A solution with photoinduced viscosity, which comprises functional molecules and a solvent for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the functional molecules are polymers formed by alternately connecting photoinduced structure change molecules and organic long-chain molecules, and the photoinduced structure change molecules can be converted into a first structure under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in a first wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure under the irradiation of visible light in a second wavelength range or near infrared light in a third wavelength range;
the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a first structure having a photo-variable viscosity has a first viscosity and the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a second structure having a photo-variable viscosity has a second viscosity, the first viscosity being greater than the second viscosity.
In one embodiment, the number of alternation between the light-induced structural change molecule in the functional molecule and the organic long-chain molecule is 5-10.
In one embodiment, the organic long-chain molecule is a molecule with a main chain containing 4-10 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, the light-induced structural change molecule is capable of undergoing a cis-trans isomeric change or a ring-opening-pi closed-loop structural change.
In one embodiment, the light-induced structural change molecule is selected from one or more of an azobenzene group-containing molecule and a diarylene-type molecule.
In one embodiment, the light-induced structure change molecule is capable of reversible transformation between the first structure and the second structure.
In one embodiment, the first wavelength range is 350nm to 380 nm; and/or the second wavelength range is 500 nm-600 nm; and/or, the third wavelength range is 780nm to 1000 nm.
In one embodiment, the solvent is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol, polyalphaolefin base oil, and saturated alkane having 10-16 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, the mass percentage of the functional molecules in the solution with the photochromic viscosity is 0.5% -2%.
A method of regulating the viscosity of a fluid comprising the steps of:
providing said solution having a photovariable viscosity;
irradiating the solution having the photoinduced viscosity with ultraviolet light in the first wavelength range to convert the photoinduced structure-change molecule into the first structure, or irradiating the solution having the photoinduced viscosity with visible light in the second wavelength range or near-infrared light in the third wavelength range to convert the photoinduced structure-change molecule into the second structure.
In one embodiment, the alternating irradiation of the solution having a photo-variable viscosity with the ultraviolet light of the first wavelength range and the visible light of the second wavelength range or the near-infrared light of the third wavelength range reversibly converts the light-induced structure-changing molecule between the first structure and the second structure.
The present application provides a reversible, photo-viscosity modulating solution. The preparation of the solution is that the structure of the light-induced structural change molecules has larger difference before and after different illumination, the inventor firstly improves the light-induced structural change molecules, the light-induced structural change molecules and the organic long-chain molecules are alternately polymerized to obtain a polymer, the polymer can show reversible change of viscosity after being mixed with basic lubricating liquid as an additive, and the influence of the organic long-chain molecules on the structural change of the whole functional molecules is enlarged by modifying the light-induced structural change molecules, so that the solution shows more obvious viscosity change. Reversible alternation of the solution viscosity can be achieved by applying alternating ultraviolet and near infrared light at a certain shear rate. The viscosity of the solution shows the light response characteristic, and the light field regulation and control of the solution viscosity under the constant shear rate are realized. Compared with pH viscosity regulation, electrorheological fluid, magnetorheological fluid and light excitation regulation and control modes, the method has great advantages in the aspects of energy consumption, reaction sensitivity and environmental protection. The application has potential application in guiding interface friction, lubrication, adsorption and wetting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a viscosity change of a photo-induced fluid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the photo-induced structural change of functional molecules according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the photo-induced structural change of functional molecules according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the photo-induced structural change of functional molecules according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the photo-induced structural change of functional molecules according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a chemical structure diagram of the photo-structural change molecule of comparative example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The term, degree of polymerization, is an indicator of the molecular size of a polymer. The number of the repeating units is taken as a reference, namely the average value of the number of the repeating units contained in the macromolecular chain of the polymer is expressed by n; based on the number of structural units, i.e., the number of individual structural units contained in the macromolecular chain of the polymer.
The reaction of photoinduced structural changes is also called photoinducedIsomerization reaction, that is, under the action of light with specific wavelength intensity, the internal molecular structure of some compounds is changed due to the excitation of light wave. From the viewpoint of energy storage, when compound A is subjected to wavelength λ1When the compound is irradiated with light, the compound undergoes a specific chemical reaction process to obtain a product B, the energy is stored in a chemical bond, and the absorption spectrum of the compound is correspondingly changed due to the change of the molecular structure; if another specific wavelength λ is used2The compound can return to its original state upon irradiation with light, and the stored light energy is released as heat. A. The two substances B can stably exist under certain conditions, maintain respective specific chemical and physical properties, and the compound which can be reversibly changed under the action of light is a light-induced structural change molecule. The light-induced structural change molecule has the following characteristics: a. under certain conditions, both compounds can exist stably; b. the two isomeric compounds are generally different in color; c. the isomerization process is absolutely reversible; photoisomerization is a completely reversible photochemical reaction, and although other irreversible reactions under the action of light waves can also cause changes in the structure or properties of compounds, it belongs to the general photochemical category and not to the photoisomerization reaction category, which is an important criterion for determining whether a reaction is a photoisomerization reaction.
Among the most typical photo-structurally-changeable molecules are azobenzene-based molecules. Two ends of a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond are respectively connected with a benzene ring molecule which is called azobenzene molecule, the photoresponse of the azobenzene molecule is mainly reflected on an azo group, and a series of compounds derived by taking the azobenzene molecule as a structural core are collectively called azobenzene compounds. Azo groups are composed of one pi bond and one sigma bond, and in an azobenzene molecule, the-C-N-bond and the-N-bond are angled and not in the same line, so that the azo benzene molecule has a trans configuration and a cis configuration. Common molecules with photo-induced structural changes also include spiropyran-based molecules, diarylene-based molecules, and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 to 5, the present application provides a solution with a photoinduced viscosity, which comprises a functional molecule and a solvent for dissolving the functional molecule, wherein the functional molecule is a polymer formed by alternately connecting a photoinduced structure-change molecule and an organic long-chain molecule, and the photoinduced structure-change molecule can be converted into a first structure under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in a first wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure under the irradiation of visible light in a second wavelength range or near infrared light in a third wavelength range.
The solution having a photo-induced viscosity has a first viscosity when the photo-induced structural change molecules are in the first structure and a second viscosity when the photo-induced structural change molecules are in the second structure. The first viscosity is greater than the second viscosity, i.e., the viscosity of the solution having a photo-induced viscosity after irradiation with ultraviolet light is greater than the viscosity after irradiation with near infrared or visible light.
The present application provides a reversible, photo-viscosity modulating solution. The preparation of the solution is that the structure of the light-induced structural change molecule has larger difference before and after different illumination, the inventor firstly improves the light-induced structural change molecule, the light-induced structural change molecule and the organic long-chain molecule are alternately polymerized to obtain the polymer functional molecule, the polymer can show reversible change of viscosity after being used as an additive and mixed with basic lubricating liquid, and the influence of the organic long-chain molecule on the structural change of the whole functional molecule is enlarged by the modification of the light-induced structural change molecule, and the solution shows more obvious viscosity change. Reversible alternation of the solution viscosity can be achieved by applying alternating ultraviolet and near infrared light at a certain shear rate. The viscosity of the solution shows the light response characteristic, and the light field regulation and control of the solution viscosity under the constant shear rate are realized. Compared with pH viscosity regulation, electrorheological fluid, magnetorheological fluid and light excitation regulation and control modes, the method has great advantages in the aspects of energy consumption, reaction sensitivity and environmental protection. The application has potential application in guiding interface friction, lubrication, adsorption and wetting.
In one embodiment, the light-induced structural change molecule is capable of reversibly switching between the first structure and the second structure, thereby allowing the functional molecule to reversibly switch between different structures. And irradiating the solution with the optically variable viscosity by alternately irradiating the solution with the ultraviolet light in the first wavelength range and at least one of the visible light in the second wavelength range or the near-infrared light in the third wavelength range, thereby realizing reversible transition of the viscosity of the solution with the optically variable viscosity between the first viscosity and the second viscosity with the alternate irradiation of the ultraviolet light and the visible light/near-infrared light.
In addition, the light can be accurately positioned in the space, and the cost of the illumination mode is low, so that the solution with the photoinduced viscosity has potential application prospects in the fields of intelligent materials and microfluid control.
The light-induced structural change molecule has a functional group which responds to light and can react under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in a first wavelength range to convert the light-induced structural change molecule into a first structure, and under the irradiation of visible light in a second wavelength range or visible light in a third wavelength range to convert the light-induced structural change molecule into a second structure, wherein the first structure and the second structure are isomers. In one embodiment, the light-induced structural change molecule is capable of undergoing a cis-trans isomeric change or a ring-opening-pi closed-loop structural change. Cis-trans isomeric changes are manifested by the first structure being cis and the second structure being trans, or the first structure being trans and the second structure being cis. The open-loop and pi closed-loop structural change is represented by that the first structural functional group is open loop and the second structure is pi closed loop, or the first structural functional group is pi closed loop and the second structure is open loop.
In one embodiment, the light-induced structural change molecule is selected from one or more of an azobenzene group-containing molecule and a diarylene-type molecule.
Referring to fig. 2-3, in some embodiments, the functional group is in a cis configuration in the first structure and the cis configuration is converted to a trans configuration in the second structure. In one embodiment, the functional group comprises an azobenzene group, and the conversion of the cis structure and the trans structure is realized through the rotation of a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond.
Referring to fig. 4-5, in some embodiments, the functional group is a pi-closed cyclic structure in the first structure and the pi-closed cyclic structure is converted to an open-loop structure in the second structure. In one embodiment, the pi-closed cyclic structure may include a carbon-carbon single bond, and the carbon-carbon single bond of the pi-closed cyclic structure is broken under the irradiation of the visible light in the second wavelength range or the near infrared light in the third wavelength range to form an open ring structure containing an alkenyl group. And under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in the first wavelength range, the alkenyl of the open-loop structure is reconnected to form a pi closed ring structure.
In the functional molecules, an organic long-chain molecule segment is represented as A, a light-induced structural change molecule segment is represented as B, the organic long-chain molecule and the light-induced structural change molecule are in an ABABAB alternate connection relationship, and the functional molecules can be represented by … … A-B-A-B … …. Functional molecules can be prepared by conventional polymerization methods, but specific polymerization must be ensured. For example, by polymerization of the A carboxyl group and the B hydroxyl group, or polymerization of the B carboxyl group and the A hydroxyl group, etc. That is, the copolymerization of the organic long-chain molecule and the light-induced structural change molecule is specific copolymerization, not random copolymerization. The organic long-chain molecules play a role in connecting adjacent light-induced structure change molecules, and the structure of the organic long-chain molecules does not change along with light change. The light-induced structural change molecules are connected through the organic long-chain molecules, so that the chain length is increased, and the copolymer has a plurality of molecules with structures capable of being changed.
In one embodiment, the organic long-chain molecule is a molecule having a main chain containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms. In a multi-angle experiment, the structural change of the light-induced structural change molecules in the length range has more obvious overall influence on the structural change of the functional molecules, so that the solution shows larger viscosity change.
In one embodiment, the number of alternation between the light-induced structural change molecule in the functional molecule and the organic long-chain molecule is 5-10. Namely, the polymerization degree of the functional molecule is 5-10, namely, the functional molecule contains 5-10-A-B-molecule segments which are connected in sequence.
In one embodiment, the first wavelength range is 350nm to 380 nm. The light-induced structure-changing molecules are sensitive to ultraviolet light in this wavelength range and are capable of being converted into a first structure.
In one embodiment, the second wavelength range is 500nm to 600 nm. The light-induced structure-changing molecules are sensitive to visible light in this wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure.
In one embodiment, the third wavelength range is 780nm to 1000 nm. The light-induced structure-changing molecules are sensitive to near-infrared light in the wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure.
Of course, the sensitivity to light of a particular wavelength may differ slightly for different light-induced structural change molecules and for functional molecules with different light-induced structural change molecules.
In one embodiment, the power of the applied ultraviolet light may be 30W to 50W. In one embodiment, the power applied to the visible light may be 15W to 35W. In one embodiment, the applied power of the near infrared light may be 10W to 25W. The power of visible light, near infrared light or ultraviolet light is prevented from being too small, so that the photosensitivity of the functional molecules is too weak, and meanwhile, the power of visible light, near infrared light or ultraviolet light is prevented from being too large to cause the damage of the unexpected group structure of the functional molecules.
The solvent is capable of dissolving the functional molecule, preferably, the solvent also has a lubricating effect. In one embodiment, the solvent is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyalphaolefin base oils, and saturated alkanes having 10-16 carbon atoms (i.e., decane to hexadecane). In one embodiment, the PEG may be selected from one or more of the 200, 300 or 400 series. In one embodiment, the polyalphaolefin base oil is one or more of the PAO-4 to PAO-10 series having low viscosity.
In one embodiment, the mass percentage of the functional molecule in the solution with the photo-variable viscosity is 0.5% -2%. Within this concentration range, the structure of the functional molecule is more sensitive to the responsiveness to light, so that the controllability of the viscosity of a solution having the functional molecule is stronger. Specifically, the mass percentage of the functional molecule in the solution with the photochromic viscosity can be 0.5% -1%, 1% -1.5% or 1.5% -2%.
The embodiment of the application also provides a method for regulating and controlling the viscosity of the fluid, which comprises the following steps:
providing said solution having a photovariable viscosity;
irradiating the solution with the photo-variable viscosity with ultraviolet light of the first wavelength range to transform the photo-induced structure change molecule into a first structure, the solution with the photo-variable viscosity having a first viscosity; or irradiating the photo-induced structure change molecule with the visible light of the second wavelength range or the near infrared light of the third wavelength range to convert the photo-induced structure change molecule into the second structure, wherein the solution with the photo-induced structure change molecule has the second viscosity.
In one embodiment, alternately irradiating the solution having the photo-variable viscosity with the ultraviolet light of the first wavelength range and the visible light of the second wavelength range or the near-infrared light of the third wavelength range causes the photo-induced structure-changing molecule to reversibly transform between the first structure and the second structure, i.e., causes the functional molecule to reversibly transform between the two structures.
In one embodiment, the single irradiation time of the ultraviolet light, the visible light or the near infrared light is at least 2 minutes to 10 minutes. The structure of the light-induced structural change molecule can change in a short time along with the change of the light irradiation stimulus, and the light-induced structural change molecule can be ensured to be fully subjected to structural transformation in the light irradiation time range. In addition, the light irradiation time is not preferably too long to avoid the change of the solution properties, for example, the single light irradiation time is at most 30 minutes.
In one embodiment, after the solution with the photochromic viscosity is irradiated by the ultraviolet light in the first wavelength range or the solution with the photochromic viscosity is irradiated by the visible light in the second wavelength range or the infrared light in the third wavelength range, the method further comprises the step of shading the solution with the photochromic viscosity until the temperature of the solution is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃. The shading treatment for a period of time can avoid the functional molecules from generating unexpected structural change, and simultaneously avoid the light-induced structural change from generating excessive heat due to the structural change reaction, influencing the performance of the functional molecules and the solvent, and causing the uncontrollable change of viscosity.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
1) The solution with the light-induced viscosity comprises functional molecules with light-sensitive characteristics (polymer 1 in figure 2) and a basic solvent polyethylene glycol PEG 200 solution for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the mass fraction of the polymer 1 is 2.0%, and the molecular structure and the softness of the polymer 1 before and after illumination are obviously different as shown in figure 2. The photosensitive polymer 1 has a first structure under ultraviolet irradiation conditions with a wavelength of about 360nm in a solution, and has a second structure under near-infrared irradiation conditions or visible irradiation conditions.
2) Irradiating the test solvent with ultraviolet light on rheometer (as shown in FIG. 1), and shading until the temperature is 25 deg.C, and the temperature is 300s-1The viscosity was 68.01 mPas measured at shear rate, after which the temperature was returned to 25 ℃ in the shade under visible or near infrared illumination, 43.97 mPas measured at the same shear rate and 55% change in viscosity.
3) The alternating conversion of the solution viscosity can be realized by alternately applying ultraviolet light or near infrared light/visible light, and the solution viscosity is alternately changed from 68.01 +/-0.557 mPa-s (ultraviolet light) to 43.97 +/-0.446 mPa-s (near infrared light/visible light).
Example 2
1) The solution with the light-induced variable viscosity comprises functional molecules with light-sensitive characteristics (shown as high molecules 2 in figure 3) and a basic solvent polyethylene glycol PEG400 solution for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the mass fraction of the high molecules 2 is 2.0%, and the high molecules 2 with the light-sensitive characteristics have obvious difference in molecular structure and softness before and after illumination (shown as figure 3). The photosensitive polymer 2 has a first structure under the ultraviolet irradiation condition in the solution and has a second structure under the near-infrared irradiation condition or the visible irradiation condition.
2) On a rheometer (as shown in FIG. 1), the test is first carried out by UV irradiationSolvent, shading treatment, and recovering to 25 deg.C in 300s-1The viscosity was measured to be 108.61 mPas at a shear rate, and then the temperature was returned to 25 ℃ in the light-shielding treatment under visible or near-infrared illumination, and the viscosity was measured to be 93.97 mPas at the same shear rate, and the viscosity change rate was 16%.
3) The alternating conversion of the solution viscosity can be realized by alternately applying ultraviolet light or near infrared light, and the solution viscosity is alternately changed from 108.61 +/-0.341 mPa.s (ultraviolet light) to 93.97 +/-0.852 mPa.s (near infrared light).
Example 3
1) The solution with the light-induced variable viscosity comprises functional molecules with light-sensitive characteristics (shown as high molecules 3 in figure 4) and a basic solvent polyethylene glycol PEG 300 solution for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the mass fraction of the high molecules 3 is 2.0%, and the high molecules 3 with the light-sensitive characteristics have obvious difference in molecular structure and softness before and after illumination (shown as figure 4). The photosensitive polymer 3 has a first structure under the ultraviolet illumination condition in the solution and has a second structure under the visible illumination condition.
2) Irradiating the test solvent with ultraviolet light on rheometer (as shown in FIG. 1), and shading until the temperature is 25 deg.C, and the temperature is 300s-1The viscosity was 87.95 mPas measured at shear rate, after which the temperature was returned to 25 ℃ under visible light, after shading treatment, the viscosity was 75.23 mPas measured at the same shear rate, and the viscosity change was 16.9%.
3) The alternating application of ultraviolet light or visible light can achieve the alternating conversion of the viscosity of the solution, and the viscosity of the solution is alternatively changed from 87.95 +/-0.741 mPa & s (ultraviolet light) to 75.23 +/-0.482 mPa & s (visible light).
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that the polymer 1 is replaced with the photo-structural-change molecular monomer of fig. 6 of equal mass. The photo-induced structure-changing molecular monomer of fig. 6 and a base solvent polyethylene glycol PEG 200 were configured as a comparative solution. Irradiating the test solvent with ultraviolet light on rheometer (as shown in FIG. 1), and shading until the temperature is 25 deg.C, and the temperature is 300s-1The viscosity was measured at a shear rate of 43.9 mPas and was then found to beUnder the condition of light or near infrared illumination, the shading treatment is carried out until the temperature is returned to 25 ℃, and the viscosity is measured to be 44.2 mPa.s under the same shearing rate, and the viscosity is almost unchanged. The solution was irradiated with alternating ultraviolet light or near infrared light, the viscosity was hardly changed, and the viscosity was substantially not different from that of the base solvent polyethylene glycol PEG 200.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A solution with photoinduced viscosity, which is characterized by comprising functional molecules and a solvent for dissolving the functional molecules, wherein the functional molecules are polymers formed by alternately connecting photoinduced structure change molecules and organic long-chain molecules, and the photoinduced structure change molecules can be converted into a first structure under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in a first wavelength range and can be converted into a second structure under the irradiation of visible light in a second wavelength range or near infrared light in a third wavelength range;
the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a first structure having a first viscosity, the solution of light-induced structural change molecules in a second structure having a second viscosity, the first viscosity being greater than the second viscosity;
the light-induced structural change molecules are selected from one or more of molecules containing azobenzene groups and diarylene molecules.
2. The solution having a photovariable viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the number of alternation of the light-induced structural change molecule and the organic long-chain molecule in the functional molecule is 5 to 10.
3. The solution having an optically variable viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the organic long-chain molecule is a molecule having a main chain of 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
4. The solution having a phototropic viscosity according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-induced structural change molecule is capable of undergoing a cis-trans isomeric change or a ring-opening-pi closed-loop structural change.
5. The solution having an optically variable viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the first viscosity is greater than the second viscosity.
6. The solution having a phototropic viscosity of claim 1, wherein the light-induced structural change molecule is capable of reversibly transitioning between the first structure and the second structure.
7. The solution having a photovariable viscosity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first wavelength range is from 350nm to 380 nm; and/or the second wavelength range is 500 nm-600 nm; and/or, the third wavelength range is 780nm to 1000 nm.
8. The solution having a photovariable viscosity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol, polyalphaolefin base oil, and saturated alkane having 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
9. The solution with optically variable viscosity according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the functional molecule in the solution with optically variable viscosity is 0.5-2%.
10. A method of regulating the viscosity of a fluid, comprising the steps of:
providing a solution having a photovariable viscosity according to any one of claims 1-9;
irradiating the solution having the photoinduced viscosity with ultraviolet light in the first wavelength range to convert the photoinduced structure-change molecule into the first structure, or irradiating the solution having the photoinduced viscosity with visible light in the second wavelength range or near-infrared light in the third wavelength range to convert the photoinduced structure-change molecule into the second structure.
11. A method of regulating fluid viscosity according to claim 10, wherein alternating irradiation of the solution with the photo-variable viscosity with ultraviolet light of the first wavelength range and irradiation with visible light of the second wavelength range or near infrared light of the third wavelength range reversibly switches the photo-induced structure-changing molecule between the first and second structures.
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