CN111570795B - Preparation of Ti2Method for manufacturing ALNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk - Google Patents
Preparation of Ti2Method for manufacturing ALNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing Ti2The invention discloses a method for preparing a Ti dual-alloy disk by using AlNb/Ti60, and aims at an electron beam welding and forging process2The problems of welding defects, interface structure and flatness of the AlNb/Ti60 dual-alloy disk are difficult to control, and the dual-alloy disk is prepared by innovatively adopting a powder-solid hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection and isothermal forging process. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a material constitutive model; forging a prefabricated blank structure design; designing a double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank structure, and sheathing and processing the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank; powder-solid hot isostatic pressure diffusion bonding; isothermal forging of a dual alloy preform; and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the double-alloy-disc forged piece. Ti prepared by the invention2The AlNb/Ti60 dual-alloy disc has good interface integrity, flatness and a good structural state, and meets the requirements of the cutting performance and weight reduction of the compressor disc of the aero-engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing Ti2A method for preparing an ALNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk belongs to the technical field of hot working.
Background
The improvement of the thrust-weight ratio of the aircraft engine leads the problems of the improvement of the service performance of the parts and the self weight reduction to become more prominent. As an important rotating part in an engine, the working condition characteristic of a compressor disk puts forward a cutting performance requirement on the disk: the wheel rim is connected with the blade, the working temperature is high, but the bearing stress is small, and the material is required to have high creep property and fracture toughness; the hub is connected with the shaft, the working temperature is low, but the hub bears the large centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the wheel disc, and the material is required to have high strength, plasticity and low cycle fatigue strength. Performance tailoring requirements present significant challenges to the disc manufacturing technology.
At present, the nickel-based wrought superalloy is widely used at home and abroad to prepare a high-pressure compressor disk, and the problems of heavy structure, difficult performance cutting and the like exist. The adoption of high-performance light materials and high-performance cutting structures to prepare the dual-alloy dual-performance disk becomes the inherent requirement for the development of high-pressure compressor disks. Ti2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy plate is selected according to the performance requirement and weight reduction requirement of the plate, and is integrated with a light high-temperature structural material Ti2The AlNb alloy has the advantages of high creep property, good fracture toughness, high medium-temperature strength of titanium alloy and good plasticity, can work under a certain temperature/stress gradient, and has subversive significance on the material and structural potential of the excavating disk.
For a double-alloy disk, the connection interface is the weakest link of the disk body, and the interface non-trap connection is Ti2The key to the development of the AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk. Ti prepared by adopting electron beam welding process or electron beam welding and forging process at earlier stage in China2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk has the problems of difficult control of joint defects, non-ideal structure and the like, and is represented as follows: (ii)2AlNb has poor weldability, and the defects of microcracks, pores and the like are difficult to avoid in electron beam welding; secondly, the depth-to-width ratio of the welding line is large during electron beam welding, the long and narrow welding line is volatile and stable during forging deformation, and the interface straightness is difficult to control; and thirdly, the cast coarse grains and the precipitated phases of the welding seam are segregated (caused by bath segregation), so that complete homogenization and structure refinement are difficult to realize through limited forging deformation. The problem of 'weak connection' of the two alloy bonding areas is not effectively solved, and the development and application of the disc part are seriously restricted, namely Ti2A new process and a new method are urgently needed for developing the AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed toThe design of the technology provides a method for preparing Ti2The method for preparing the ALNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk adopts a powder-solid hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding and isothermal forging process to prepare Ti2An AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk, which aims to solve the technical problems of interface defects, texture structure and flatness difficult to control in the electron beam welding and forging process for preparing the double-alloy disk2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk has no defect on the interface, good flatness and structural state, and can meet the requirements of the cutting performance of the compressor disk of the aero-engine and the weight reduction of parts.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the preparation of Ti2The processing process of the method of the ALNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk comprises the steps of carrying out hot isostatic pressing on double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank to obtain a double-alloy forging preform, then carrying out forging on the double-alloy forging preform to obtain the double-alloy disk, and finally carrying out solution aging heat treatment, and is characterized in that: before the structural dimension design of the double alloy forging preform, Ti is firstly processed2Respectively carrying out a thermal simulation compression test on an AlNb powder alloy blank and a hot isostatic pressing Ti60 alloy blank, constructing respective material constitutive models, then introducing the structural size of the double-alloy forging preform and the two material constitutive models into finite element simulation software to carry out simulation on the forging process, and repeatedly optimizing the geometric structure of the double-alloy forging preform according to the simulation result to carry out iterative simulation calculation until the radian of the forged double-alloy interface is straightened, thereby determining and matching the structural size and the deformation process of the double-alloy forging preform.
In one implementation, the structural dimension of the double alloy powder-solid ingot blank is reversely determined by reserving hot compaction shrinkage on the basis of the structural dimension of the double alloy forging preform.
In one implementation, the curvature of the dual alloy interface refers to the curvature of the dual alloy interface in a vertical cross-section of the dual alloy forged preform.
In one implementation, the temperature at which the superalloy powder-solid ingot blank is hot isostatically pressed is set at Ti230-80 ℃ below the transformation point of the AlNb alloy, and the pressure of 100-150 MPaThe time is 1h to 3 h.
In one implementation, the dual alloy forging preform is forged at a forging temperature of 980 ℃ to 1030 ℃ and a strain rate of 10-4S-1～1S-1。
In one implementation, the solution temperature of the solution aging heat treatment of the forged double alloy disc is 960-990 ℃, the time is 2-4 h, and the double alloy disc is cooled by oil or air; the aging temperature is 700-800 ℃, the time is 8-24 h, and air cooling is carried out.
In one implementation, in the preparation of the dual alloy powder-solid ingot blank, the Ti60 alloy blank is assembled with the steel sheath through the positioning step, the sheath is welded and the inside is cleaned, and then the Ti60 alloy blank is loaded into the Ti alloy sheath through the sheath powder nozzle2And (3) compacting the AlNb alloy powder, vacuumizing, and sealing and welding to form the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank.
In one implementation, the steps of the method are as follows:
step one, constructing a material constitutive model: processing the steel sheath, powdering, compacting, vacuumizing, and sealing to obtain Ti2AlNb powder ingot, hot isostatic pressing thereof to produce Ti2AlNb powder alloy, placing Ti60 alloy blank in forging state along with furnace in hot isostatic pressing process, aiming at the Ti2Respectively carrying out a thermal simulation compression test on the AlNb powder alloy and the hot isostatic pressing Ti60 alloy blank to construct respective material constitutive models;
step two, forging process design: designing a double-alloy-disc forge piece according to the structural size of the double-alloy disc, designing the geometric structure of a double-alloy forging pre-blank according to the geometric structure of the forge piece, introducing the geometric structure of the forging pre-blank and a constitutive model of two materials into finite element simulation software to carry out simulation on the forging process, repeatedly optimizing the geometric structure of the forging pre-blank according to the simulation result and carrying out iterative simulation calculation until a double-alloy connecting interface has better flatness when the forge piece is formed, and thus determining the matching design of the geometric structure of the forging pre-blank and a deformation process;
step three, designing and preparing the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank: reserving proper hot compaction shrinkage amount on the basis of the geometric structure of the forging prefabricated blank, and reversely determining the geometric knot of the double alloy powder-solid ingot blankAnd (5) forming. Processing Ti60 alloy blank and steel sheath, welding the sheath after the assembly of the two by a positioning structure, cleaning, drying and filling Ti2The AlNb alloy powder is vibrated, vacuumized and sealed and welded to form a powder-solid ingot blank;
step four, preparing a double-alloy forging prefabricated blank by hot isostatic pressing: hot isostatic pressing of powder-solid ingot blanks at a temperature of Ti2Under the temperature of 30-80 ℃ below the transformation point of the AlNb alloy, the pressure is 100-150 MPa, the time is 1-3 h, and after hot isostatic pressing, peeling, flattening the end face and turning the outer circle, a double-alloy forging prefabricated blank is obtained;
step five, forging the double-alloy disc: carrying out isothermal forging on the double-alloy forging prefabricated blank according to the deformation process determined in the step (2) to obtain a double-alloy disc forging, wherein the isothermal forging process comprises the following steps: forging temperature of 980-1030 ℃ and strain rate of 10-4S-1～1S-1；
Step six, carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment on the double-alloy-disc forge piece, wherein the solid solution and aging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: solid solution temperature is 960-990 ℃, time is 2-4 h, and oil cooling or air cooling is carried out; the aging temperature is 700-800 ℃, the time is 8-24 h, and air cooling is carried out.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly aims at preparing Ti by vacuum electron beam welding and forging process2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk has the technical problems of poor weldability of materials, interface defects, difficult control of flatness and structure and the like, and the Ti is prepared by adopting a powder-solid hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection and isothermal forging process2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk makes up for Ti2The defects of the development process and the method of the AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk. The basic principle of the method is that a material constitutive model of the component alloy is constructed, a finite element simulation means is adopted to realize the matching design of the geometric structure of the forging preformed blank and the deformation process, and accordingly, the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank structure is reversely designed. Based on the design, the sheath is processed to realize double-alloy powder-solid assembly, the hot isostatic pressing process is implemented to realize double-alloy powder-solid diffusion connection, a double-alloy forging prefabricated blank is obtained, and then isothermal forging is carried out to realize modification and reinforcement of the disc blank, particularly a bonding interface.Finally, the heat treatment system matching the two alloys is optimized to realize the performance of the two alloys to a greater extent, and the design and use requirements of double alloy-double performance are met.
The method has the advantages that: firstly, the powder-solid hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding can effectively eliminate the defect of a double-alloy bonding surface through the flow contact and the solidification bonding of alloy powder particle grades, thereby solving the problem of Ti2The AlNb alloy has poor weldability and good double-alloy interface integrity; matching design of the geometric structure of the forging prefabricated blank and a deformation process can be realized by adopting finite element simulation, and the double-alloy connection interface has better flatness when the forging is formed; third, isothermal forging can eliminate Ti2In the process, the HIP-state powder alloy realizes tissue remodeling through a recrystallization mechanism to obtain uniform and fine morphotropic tissues so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing plasticization, and the controllability of the properties of the tissues of the disc, particularly the connecting interface is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the structural dimensions of a dual alloy disk in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 shows the welded structure dimensions of the steel sheath in the embodiment of the invention
FIG. 3 shows the structural dimensions of a dual alloy forging preform according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a finite element simulation result of the structural dimensions and the interface position dimensions of the dual alloy disk in the embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples:
example 1
As shown in figure 1, Ti with the size specification of phi 340mm multiplied by 24mm (connecting interface position phi 254mm +/-2 mm)2The AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disk is prepared by the following steps:
1. ti with the particle size of 53-150 mu m is selected2After the AlNb alloy powder is packaged in the steel sheath through the powder packaging opening, hot isostatic pressing is carried out through compaction, vacuum degassing and seal welding, and hot isostatic pressing parameters are as follows: 1020 ℃/140MPa/2h to obtain Ti2AlNb powder alloy, heatPlacing Ti60 alloy bar stock in a furnace by isostatic pressing, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the Ti2Taking a sample with the diameter of 8mm multiplied by 12mm from the AlNb powder alloy and Ti60 alloy bar stock to carry out a hot compression test to obtain a stress-strain curve, and constructing Ti according to the stress-strain curve2Material constitutive model of AlNb powder alloy and Ti60 alloy;
2. designing Ti according to the structural size of the double-alloy disc2The method comprises the following steps of (1) forging a geometric structure of an AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy forging preform, introducing a geometric model and a material constitutive model into Deform finite element software, and repeatedly optimizing the geometric structure of the preform until a straight double-alloy connecting interface can be obtained when a forge piece is formed;
3. designing and processing a steel sheath 1 according to the structural size of a prefabricated blank, processing a Ti60 alloy blank 2 according to the design size and matching and assembling the Ti60 alloy blank with the steel sheath through a positioning step 3, welding the sheath and cleaning the inside as shown in figure 2, and leading a powder filling nozzle 4 reserved in the sheath to the Ti2Filling Ti into the AlNb alloy powder cavity 52The AlNb alloy powder is vibrated, vacuumized and sealed and welded to form a powder-solid ingot blank;
4. hot isostatic pressing of powder-solid ingot blank, hot isostatic pressing parameters: 1020 ℃/140MPa/2h, and removing a skin, flattening the end face and turning the outer circle after hot isostatic pressing to obtain a double-alloy forging preform with the structural size shown in figure 3, as shown in figure 3;
5. isothermal forging is carried out on the double-alloy forging prefabricated blank by adopting a flat die to obtain a double-alloy disc forging, the finite element simulation result of the structural size and the interface position size of the forging is shown in figure 4, the forging temperature is 990 ℃, the flat die reduction is 74mm, and the constant strain rate is 10-3S-1；
6. For Ti2Carrying out heat treatment on the AlNb/Ti60 double-alloy disc forging, and carrying out solid solution: 2h at 990 ℃ and OQ; aging: 700 ℃ for 24h, AC.
Claims (8)
1. Preparation of Ti2The method for preparing the ALNb/Ti60 dual-alloy disk comprises the steps of carrying out hot isostatic pressing on a dual-alloy powder-solid ingot blank to obtain a dual-alloy forging preform, forging the dual-alloy forging preform to obtain the dual-alloy disk, and finally carrying out solution aging heat treatment, wherein the method is characterized in that: in hot isostatic pressingFirst, Ti is added2Respectively carrying out thermal simulation compression tests on AlNb powder alloy and hot isostatic pressing Ti60 alloy blanks, constructing respective material constitutive models, designing the structural size of the double-alloy forging preform, introducing the structural size of the double-alloy forging preform and the two material constitutive models into finite element simulation software to carry out simulation on the forging process, and repeatedly optimizing the geometric structure of the double-alloy forging preform through iterative simulation calculation according to a simulation result until the radian of a forged double-alloy interface is straightened, so that the matching design of the geometric structure of the forging preform and the deformation process is determined.
2. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: and reserving hot compaction shrinkage on the basis of the structural size of the double-alloy forging prefabricated blank, and reversely determining the structural size of the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank.
3. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: the radian of the double alloy interface refers to the radian of the double alloy interface on the vertical section of the double alloy forging prefabricated blank.
4. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: the hot isostatic pressing temperature of the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank is set at Ti2The temperature is 30-80 ℃ below the transformation point of the AlNb alloy, the pressure is 100-150 MPa, and the time is 1-3 h.
5. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: forging a dual alloy forging preform at a forging temperature of 980 ℃ to 1030 ℃ and a strain rate of 10-4S-1～1S-1。
6. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: to the double closure after forgingThe solid solution temperature of the gold plate for solid solution aging heat treatment is 960-990 ℃, the time is 2-4 h, and oil cooling or air cooling is carried out; the aging temperature is 700-800 ℃, the time is 8-24 h, and air cooling is carried out.
7. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: when preparing the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank, the Ti60 alloy blank is matched and assembled with the steel sheath through the positioning step, the sheath is welded and the inside is cleaned, and then the Ti60 alloy blank is arranged into the Ti through the sheath powder nozzle2And (3) compacting the AlNb alloy powder, vacuumizing, and sealing and welding to form the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank.
8. The method of claim 1, producing Ti2A method of forming an ALNb/Ti60 dual alloy disk, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a material constitutive model: processing the steel sheath, powdering, compacting, vacuumizing, and sealing to obtain Ti2AlNb powder ingot, hot isostatic pressing thereof to produce Ti2AlNb powder alloy, placing Ti60 alloy blank in forging state along with furnace in hot isostatic pressing process, aiming at the Ti2Respectively carrying out a thermal simulation compression test on the AlNb powder alloy and the hot isostatic pressing Ti60 alloy blank to construct respective material constitutive models;
step two, forging process design: designing a double-alloy-disc forge piece according to the structural size of the double-alloy disc, designing the geometric structure of a double-alloy forging pre-blank according to the geometric structure of the forge piece, introducing the geometric structure of the forging pre-blank and a constitutive model of two materials into finite element simulation software to carry out simulation on the forging process, and repeatedly optimizing the geometric structure of the double-alloy forging pre-blank through iterative simulation calculation according to a simulation result until a double-alloy connection interface has better straightness when the forge piece is formed so as to determine the matching design of the geometric structure of the forging pre-blank and a deformation process;
step three, designing and preparing the double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank: reserving proper hot compaction shrinkage on the basis of the geometric structure of a forging preform, reversely determining the geometric structure of a double-alloy powder-solid ingot blank, and processing the Ti60 alloy on the basisThe blank and the steel sheath are assembled through a positioning structure, then the sheath is welded, cleaned, dried and filled with Ti2The AlNb alloy powder is vibrated, vacuumized and sealed and welded to form a powder-solid ingot blank;
step four, preparing a double-alloy forging prefabricated blank by hot isostatic pressing: hot isostatic pressing of powder-solid ingot blanks at a temperature of Ti2Under the temperature of 30-80 ℃ below the transformation point of the AlNb alloy, the pressure is 100-150 MPa, the time is 1-3 h, and after hot isostatic pressing, peeling, flattening the end face and turning the outer circle, a double-alloy forging prefabricated blank is obtained;
step five, forging the double-alloy disc: carrying out isothermal forging on the double-alloy forging prefabricated blank according to the deformation process determined in the step (2) to obtain a double-alloy disc forging, wherein the isothermal forging process comprises the following steps: forging temperature of 980-1030 ℃ and strain rate of 10-4S-1～1S-1；
Step six, carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment on the double-alloy-disc forge piece, wherein the solid solution and aging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: solid solution temperature is 960-990 ℃, time is 2-4 h, and oil cooling or air cooling is carried out; the aging temperature is 700-800 ℃, the time is 8-24 h, and air cooling is carried out.
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