CN111569871A - Preparation method of flower-shaped structure platinum nano material - Google Patents

Preparation method of flower-shaped structure platinum nano material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111569871A
CN111569871A CN202010462114.3A CN202010462114A CN111569871A CN 111569871 A CN111569871 A CN 111569871A CN 202010462114 A CN202010462114 A CN 202010462114A CN 111569871 A CN111569871 A CN 111569871A
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platinum
preparation
flower
naoh
koh
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CN111569871B (en
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卢珍
秦君
荆补琴
刘锐
杨堃
赵海东
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Shanxi Datong University
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Shanxi Datong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/58Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
    • B01J35/33
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of platinum nano materials, and aims to solve the problem that the preparation of the platinum nano materials uses an organic solvent and an organic protective agent, which causes serious harm to the environment and human health; high price and non-cyclability, is not beneficial to the problems of large-scale production, commercial application and the like, provides a preparation method of a flower-shaped platinum nano material, and uses KNO3‑LiNO3And (2) taking the mixed salt bath as a heating source, uniformly mixing KOH and NaOH, completely melting at 180 ℃, adding an organic compound of platinum while stirring, heating to 200 or 230 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, naturally cooling, adding distilled water to dissolve solid salt, repeatedly performing centrifugal separation, washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the flower-shaped platinum nano material. The preparation process does not use anyThe organic surfactant and the structure directing agent have very clean product surfaces, are directly used in electrochemical catalysis, have very high ORR and methanol electrochemical catalytic activity, and have very wide application prospects in the fields of catalyst preparation and application.

Description

Preparation method of flower-shaped structure platinum nano material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of platinum nano materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a flower-shaped platinum nano material.
Background
The noble metal platinum nano material has excellent electro-catalytic performance and is widely used as a catalyst for anode oxidation and cathode oxygen reduction reactions of fuel cells. The performance of the catalyst is closely related to the structure, composition, morphology, surface atom distribution, size and the like of the catalyst, and the prepared platinum and platinum-based alloy with proper size, specific morphology and excellent catalytic performance can greatly reduce the cost of the fuel cell and promote the popularization and application of the fuel cell.
At present, the preparation of platinum nano-materials is mostly carried out in a water phase or an oil phase, and a surfactant or a structure directing agent is added to prevent the aggregation of nano-particles and guide the growth of nano-crystals. However, the use of organic solvents and organic protective agents has many problems, and most of the organic solvents with high toxicity and volatility can cause serious harm to the environment and human health; and the organic protective agent molecules adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst particles are not easy to remove, and the impurities can cause adverse effects on the surface activity of the catalyst; in addition, the high price and non-recyclability of the organic solvent and the organic protective agent are not favorable for the scale production and the commercial application of the catalyst. Therefore, the development of a simple, convenient and environment-friendly preparation method which does not use volatile and toxic organic solvents and organic protective agents which are difficult to clean has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a flower-shaped platinum nano material, which is used for preparing the flower-shaped platinum nano material in KOH-NaOH molten salt inorganic ionic liquid. In the preparation process, no organic solvent or organic protective agent is used, so that the environment is not polluted, and the prepared nanoparticles have clean surfaces and high catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the inorganic ionic liquid can be recycled and reused for many times, and the method is a widely-used green method for preparing the nano material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a flower-shaped structure platinum nano material comprises the following steps: mixing KOH and NaOH, and KNO3-LiNO3And (2) taking the mixed salt bath as a heating source, completely melting the NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, adding an organic compound of platinum at 180 ℃ under the stirring state, heating to 200 ℃ or 230 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, stopping the reaction, naturally cooling, adding distilled water to dissolve solid salt, repeatedly centrifuging, separating, washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the flower-shaped structure platinum nano material.
The weight ratio of the KOH to the NaOH is as follows: n isKOH:nNaOH=0.485: 0.515; grinding KOH and NaOH, mixing uniformly, adding the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene inner liner, completely melting NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, and then controlling the stirring speed to be 800-1000 rpm.
The organic compound of platinum is a tetraammine oxalate complex of platinum, i.e., Pt (NH)3)2C2O4The amount added was 0.05 mM. The centrifuged upper layer liquid can be recovered and can be reused after recrystallization.
The method is very simple and convenient, and an organic surfactant and a structure directing agent are not used in the preparation process, so the method is completely green and environment-friendly. In the experiment, KOH-NaOH molten salt inorganic ionic liquid is used as a reaction solvent, and the KOH-NaOH molten salt inorganic ionic liquid is correspondingly matched according to the lowest eutectic point (mass ratio n)KOH:nNaOH=0.485: 0.515), the mixed inorganic systems melt into liquid at the eutectic point of 170 ℃, the strong alkalinity of the mixed inorganic systems promotes the thermal decomposition of the noble metal organic precursors at a lower temperature, and the ionic characteristics of the inorganic ionic liquid can ensure that the generated nano particles stably exist without agglomeration. Because no organic surfactant and structure-directing agent are used in the preparation process, the product surface is very clean, the product can be directly used in electrochemical catalysis without any pretreatment before use, and the methanol electrochemical catalytic activity is very highHas great application prospect in the field of catalyst preparation and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning and transmission electron microscope image and XRD spectrum of a platinum nanoflower-like structure prepared at 200 ℃ in example 1; in the figure: a and b are scanning electron micrographs under 1 mu m and 200nm respectively; c, d and e are transmission electron microscope images at 50nm, 10nm and 2nm respectively; f is an XRD spectrogram;
FIG. 2 is a scanned image of platinum nanoflower-like structures prepared at 230 ℃ in example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1: grinding 4.12g KOH and 5.44 g NaOH, mixing, adding into polytetrafluoroethylene inner lining, and using KNO3-LiNO3The mixed salt bath is used as a heating source to completely melt the NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, the stirring speed is kept at 1000-8000 rpm, 17.6 mg of tetraammineplatinum oxalate is added at 180 ℃, the temperature is raised to 200 ℃, the reaction is continued for 3 hours, the reaction is stopped, distilled water is added after the reaction is cooled to dissolve solid salt, and the platinum nano flower-shaped structure is obtained through centrifugal separation, multiple times of cleaning and drying.
As shown in FIG. 1, the scanning photograph in the drawing a shows that the product is composed of nanometer flower-like structures with relatively uniform sizes, and the further enlarged scanning photograph shows that the nanometer flower size is about 400-500 nm (drawing b). c-e is a transmission photo of the platinum nanoflower, the platinum nanoflower is seen to be composed of a central stamen and dendritic petals scattered towards the periphery from the c picture, and an enlarged transmission photo (d picture) shows that the petals of the platinum nanoflower are composed of a plurality of small nanosheets growing together along the long-branch direction. As can be seen from the high-resolution transmission photograph (e picture) of the lattice phase, the interplanar spacing between adjacent lattice lines is 0.223 nm, which corresponds to the platinum (111) crystal face of the face-centered cubic structure, and the lattice orientations are highly consistent in the same nanosheet. The diffraction peaks in the XRD diffraction pattern of the platinum nanoflower in the f picture respectively correspond to the standard diffraction peaks of the (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) crystal faces of the platinum with the face-centered cubic structure, and no other impurity diffraction peaks exist, so that the prepared platinum nanoflower is pure platinum with the face-centered cubic structure.
Subjecting the product toAs an anode catalyst for catalytic oxidation of methanol, the catalyst has an active surface area of 3.64M and is subjected to CV test in perchloric acid solution (0.1M) by a three-electrode method2G, area activity 1.23 mA/cm2@0.9V, 1.08mA/cm higher than commercial platinum black2@0.9V, indicating that the product has high electrochemical catalytic activity for methanol oxidation.
Example 2: grinding 4.12g KOH and 5.44 g NaOH, mixing, adding into polytetrafluoroethylene inner lining, and using KNO3-LiNO3The mixed salt bath is used as a heating source to completely melt the NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, the stirring speed is kept at 1000-8000 rpm, 17.6 mg of tetraammineplatinum oxalate is added at 180 ℃, the temperature is raised to 230 ℃, the reaction is continued for 3 hours, the reaction is stopped, distilled water is added after the reaction is cooled to dissolve solid salt, and the product is obtained by centrifugal separation, multiple times of cleaning and drying.
As shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the product is a sunflower-like flower-like platinum nanostructure, the size of which is around 2-3.5 μm.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of a flower-shaped structure platinum nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: mixing KOH and NaOH, and KNO3-LiNO3And (2) taking the mixed salt bath as a heating source, completely melting the NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, adding an organic compound of platinum at 180 ℃ under the stirring state, heating to 200 ℃ or 230 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, stopping the reaction, naturally cooling, adding distilled water to dissolve solid salt, repeatedly centrifuging, separating, washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the flower-shaped structure platinum nano material.
2. The method for preparing platinum nanometer material with flower-like structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the KOH to the NaOH is as follows: n isKOH:nNaOH=0.485: 0.515; grinding KOH and NaOH, mixing uniformly, adding the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene inner liner, completely melting NaOH-KOH mixed salt at 180 ℃, and then controlling the stirring speed to be 800-1000 rpm.
3. A flower-like shape according to claim 1The preparation method of the structural platinum nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the organic compound of platinum is a tetraammine oxalate complex of platinum, i.e., Pt (NH)3)2C2O4The amount added was 0.05 mM.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115365509A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-22 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 Preparation method of platinum nanocrystal, platinum nanocrystal and catalyst
CN115365509B (en) * 2022-08-19 2023-12-22 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 Preparation method of platinum nanocrystalline, platinum nanocrystalline and catalyst

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