CN111568608A

CN111568608A - Bionic hip joint

Info

Publication number: CN111568608A
Application number: CN202010310056.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张永飞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-04-17
Filing date: 2020-04-17
Publication date: 2020-08-25

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a bionic hip joint. A bionic hip joint comprises acetabulum, inner pad, femoral head and artificial ligament. One end of the artificial ligament is connected with the femoral head, and the other end of the artificial ligament is connected with the hip bone after sequentially penetrating through the inner pad and the acetabulum. The rotation center of the femoral head rotating relative to the acetabulum in the range of the motion degree is a connection point; the axis of the artificial ligament passes through the connection point. The bionic hip joint can meet the requirement of stable connection of the hip joint, avoid the problem of dislocation of the hip joint and avoid influencing the mobility of the hip joint.

Description

Bionic hip joint

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a bionic hip joint.

Background

Artificial hip total joint replacement has become an important means for treating various diseases such as femoral head necrosis, hip arthritis, hip joint dysplasia, fracture and the like.

However, artificial total hip replacement has the problem of dislocation of the hip joint.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a bionic hip joint which can meet the requirement of stable connection of the hip joint, avoid the problem of dislocation of the hip joint and avoid influencing the mobility of the hip joint.

The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:

in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a bionic hip joint, including an acetabulum, an inner pad, a femoral head, and an artificial ligament;

one end of the artificial ligament is connected with the femoral head, and the other end of the artificial ligament is used for sequentially penetrating through the inner pad and the acetabulum and then being connected with the coxal bone;

the rotation center of the femoral head rotating relative to the acetabulum in the range of the motion degree is a connection point; the axis of the artificial ligament passes through the connection point.

In an optional embodiment, the acetabulum is provided with a fixing hole, the inner pad is provided with a through hole, and the femoral head is provided with a mounting hole;

one end of the artificial ligament is matched with the mounting hole, and the other end of the artificial ligament is used for being connected with the hip bone after penetrating through the through hole and the fixing hole.

In an alternative embodiment, the fixing hole, the through hole and the mounting hole are all circular holes or elliptical holes, and the axis of the fixing hole, the axis of the through hole and the axis of the mounting hole are coincident.

In an alternative embodiment, the artificial ligament comprises a ligament body and a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure which are arranged at two ends of the ligament body;

the first connecting structure is connected with the hip bone, and the second connecting structure is connected with the mounting hole.

In an alternative embodiment, the first connection structure comprises a connection screw and a ferrule fitting;

the tough belt body is clamped with the clamping sleeve joint, and the clamping sleeve joint is connected with the connecting screw.

In an alternative embodiment, the connection screw comprises a body and a connection groove arranged on the body, and the ferrule fitting is matched with the connection groove;

the cutting sleeve joint and the ligament body are connected with the connecting groove through cold welding.

In an optional embodiment, the second connecting structure includes a first limiting member, a spring, and a second limiting member;

the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are arranged in the mounting hole at intervals along the axis direction of the mounting hole, the spring is positioned between the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece, the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are fixedly connected with the mounting hole, and the first limiting piece, the second limiting piece and the mounting hole jointly limit a movable area for the spring to move;

one end of the ligament body connected with the second connecting structure passes through the first limiting part and then extends into the movable area, and is connected with the spring.

In an alternative embodiment, a femoral head includes a head and a stem connected to the head;

the head part is provided with a first connecting hole and a second connecting hole, and the first connecting hole is communicated with the second connecting hole;

the handle body is matched with the second connecting hole, a third connecting hole is formed in the part, matched with the second connecting hole, of the handle body, and the third connecting hole is communicated with the first connecting hole;

the second connecting structure is arranged in the three connecting holes.

In an alternative embodiment, the second connection hole is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the second connection hole gradually increases in a direction from outside the head portion to inside the second connection hole.

In an alternative embodiment, the third connection hole is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the third connection hole gradually decreases from one end far away from the first connection hole to one end close to the first connection hole;

the diameter of the first limiting piece is larger than the minimum diameter of the third connecting hole.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the bionic hip joint comprises an acetabulum, an inner pad, a femoral head and an artificial ligament. Wherein, one end of the artificial ligament is connected with the femoral head, and the other end of the artificial ligament is used for being connected with the coxal bone after sequentially passing through the inner pad and the acetabulum. And when the artificial ligament is arranged, the artificial ligament passes through the rotation center of the rotation of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum in the range of the motion degree of the femoral head.

Therefore, the artificial ligament can prevent the femoral head from being separated from the acetabulum, namely prevent the hip joint from dislocation through the connection of the two ends of the artificial ligament with the femoral head and the hip bone. And because the artificial ligament passes through the rotation center of the femoral head rotating relative to the acetabulum in the range of motion degree, when the hip joint moves in the range of motion degree, the arrangement of the artificial ligament cannot influence the motion degree of the femoral head because the artificial ligament is positioned at the connection part of the matching surfaces of the acetabulum and the femoral head and is positioned at the rotation center of the femoral head rotating relative to the acetabulum.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bionic hip joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a bionic hip joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the location of a connection point in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of an artificial ligament to a femoral head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an exploded view of a femoral head in an embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 100-hip bone; 200-bionic hip joint; 210-acetabulum; 220-inner pad; 230-femoral head; 240-artificial ligament; 211-fixation holes; 221-a through hole; 231-mounting holes; 241-a first connecting structure; 242 — a second connecting structure; 243-connecting screw; 244-a ferrule fitting; 245 — a first limit piece; 246-a spring; 247-a second limit stop; 232-a head; 233-handle body; 234 — first connection hole; 235-second connection hole; 236-third connection hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 and 2 show a structure of a bionic hip joint 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a position of a connection point according to an embodiment of the present invention; the present embodiment provides a bionic hip joint 200, the bionic hip joint 200 includes an acetabulum 210, an inner pad 220, a femoral head 230 and an artificial ligament 240.

One end of the artificial ligament 240 is connected to the femoral head 230, and the other end of the artificial ligament 240 is connected to the hip bone 100 after passing through the inner pad 220 and the acetabulum 210 in sequence.

The rotation center of the femoral head 230 relative to the acetabulum 210 in the range of motion is a connection point (as shown in point a in fig. 3); the axis of the artificial ligament 240 passes through the connection point.

The working principle of the bionic hip joint 200 is as follows:

the biomimetic hip joint 200 includes an acetabulum 210, an inner pad 220, a femoral head 230, and an artificial ligament 240. Wherein, one end of the artificial ligament 240 is connected with the femoral head 230, and the other end of the artificial ligament 240 is used for being connected with the hip bone 100 after sequentially passing through the inner cushion 220 and the acetabulum 210. And when the artificial ligament 240 is provided, the artificial ligament 240 passes through the center of rotation of the femoral head 230 in its range of motion relative to the acetabulum 210.

Thus, the artificial ligament 240 can prevent the femoral head 230 from separating from the acetabulum 210, that is, prevent the hip joint from dislocating, by connecting both ends of the artificial ligament to the femoral head 230 and the hip bone 100. And because the artificial ligament 240 passes through the rotation center of the femoral head 230 rotating relative to the acetabulum 210 in the range of motion, when the hip joint moves in the range of motion, the arrangement of the artificial ligament 240 does not affect the motion of the femoral head 230 because the artificial ligament 240 is located at the rotation center of the femoral head 230 rotating relative to the acetabulum 210 at the joint of the matching surfaces of the acetabulum 210 and the femoral head 230.

The acetabulum 210 and the femoral head 230 are both structures of an artificial hip joint.

In addition, in the prior art, the range of motion of the femoral head 230 of the hip joint of a healthy person relative to the acetabulum 210 is as follows:

the range of flexion of a normal person is 30-145 degrees, and the backward extension can reach 0-20 degrees approximately; when the hip is stretched, the internal rotation of the hip joint can reach about 45 degrees, and the external rotation can reach about 30-40 degrees; when the hip is bent, the internal rotation of the hip joint can reach 30-40 degrees, the external rotation can reach 40-45 degrees, the internal contraction can reach about 45 degrees, and the abduction can reach 45-60 degrees.

After the artificial hip joint is used for replacement, the mobility of the artificial hip joint in all directions is attenuated to a certain degree. However, since the degree of motion of the hip joint varies depending on the level of rehabilitation of each patient after the replacement surgery, the actual degree of motion varies from patient to patient, and therefore, in this embodiment, the center of rotation of the femoral head 230 with respect to the acetabulum 210 is measured with reference to the average degree of motion of a normal person.

In addition, in the process of measuring the rotation center of the femoral head 230 relative to the acetabulum 210, the projection view is marked as a 4-sided structure according to a plan view corresponding to the normal average range of motion of the hip joint, the positions of corresponding connection points are marked according to the 4-sided quadrilateral center of gravity principle, the corresponding connection points of the acetabulum 210 are marked through the mirror image principle, and the positions of the connection points are calculated to be located in the front and inner quarter areas of the acetabulum 210 when the human body is in a standing position, and the positions of the connection points are close to the natural attachment positions of the round ligaments of the femoral head 230.

Secondly, when the acetabulum 210 is matched with the femoral head 230, the center of the surface of the femoral head 230 matched with the acetabulum 210 is a matching central point (as shown by point B in fig. 3), and when the human body is in a standing position, the connecting point is positioned below the matching central point. When the artificial ligament 240 is used to penetrate through the matching center point of the matching surface of the femoral head 230 and the acetabulum 210, when the femoral head 230 moves relative to the acetabulum 210 along each mobility direction, the artificial ligament 240 is subjected to large composite external force and friction, and the mobility range of the femoral head 230 is greatly influenced due to local stress concentration; such an arrangement may cause damage to the artificial ligament 240, which may shorten the service life of the artificial ligament 240.

In this embodiment, by adopting the embodiment that the artificial ligament 240 passes through the rotation center of the femoral head 230 rotating relative to the acetabulum 210 within the range of motion degree, the position where the artificial ligament 240 passes through the acetabulum 210, the inner pad 220 and the femoral head 230 is located at the rotation center of the femoral head 230 relative to the acetabulum 210, so that in the process that the femoral head 230 moves relative to the acetabulum 210, the external force applied to the artificial ligament 240 by the femoral head 230 and the acetabulum 210 can be reduced, and further, the external force applied to the artificial ligament 240 in the process of hip joint movement and the deformation caused by the external force can be reduced; in addition, it can reduce the friction force on the artificial ligament 240 and increase the range of motion.

In summary, it can be found from the above analysis that the bionic hip joint 200 provided in this embodiment can prevent dislocation of the hip joint, and can protect the artificial ligament 240 to a certain extent, thereby prolonging the service life of the artificial ligament 240.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the artificial ligament 240 is manufactured, it is required to make the maximum tension force applied to the artificial ligament 240 and the round ligament of the femoral head 230 suitable, or the tensile strength of the artificial ligament 240 is greater than that of the round ligament of the femoral head 230, so as to ensure that the artificial ligament 240 is not damaged due to over-tension. In addition, on the basis of ensuring the required tension and elasticity, the mobility of the bionic hip joint 200 can be properly improved and the friction force applied to the artificial ligament 240 can be reduced by selecting the artificial ligament 240 with smaller diameter.

Further, referring to fig. 3-5, fig. 4 shows the structure of the connecting ligament in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 shows the structure of the femoral head in an embodiment of the present invention; in order to facilitate the installation of the artificial ligament 240, the acetabulum 210 is provided with a fixing hole 211, the inner pad 220 is provided with a through hole 221, and the femoral head 230 is provided with a mounting hole 231; one end of the artificial ligament 240 is fitted into the fitting hole 231, and the other end of the artificial ligament 240 is connected to the hip bone 100 after passing through the through hole 221 and the fixing hole 211.

When the fixing hole 211, the through hole 221, and the mounting hole 231 are provided, the fixing hole 211, the through hole 221, and the mounting hole 231 may be holes having a circular or elliptical cross section, and the axis of the fixing hole 211, the axis of the through hole 221, and the axis of the mounting hole 231 may coincide with each other.

In addition, the fixing hole 211, the through hole 221 and the mounting hole 231 are designed to have corresponding elliptical hole-shaped structures according to the range and the direction of the movement of the hip joint, so that the relative displacement range of the acetabulum 210 and the femoral head 230 is effectively improved, the mobility of the joint is guaranteed, and the friction probability of the acetabulum 210 and the femoral head 230 on the artificial ligament 240 during the movement time of the hip joint is also reduced.

Secondly, the fixing hole 211 and the mounting hole 231 are both circular holes with the same diameter, the through hole 221 is an elliptical hole, the long axis of the through hole 221 is 1.2-3 times of the diameter of the fixing hole 211, the short axis of the through hole 221 is 1.1-1.5 times of the diameter of the fixing hole 211, and the central axis of the through hole 221 is consistent with the central axes of the fixing hole 211 and the mounting hole 231. Such an arrangement is intended to increase the relative displacement between the femoral head 230 and the acetabulum 210 and reduce the friction between the artificial ligament 240 and the acetabulum 210 during movement of the hip joint.

Further, referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the artificial ligament 240 includes a ligament body, and a first connecting structure 241 and a second connecting structure 242 disposed at two ends of the ligament body; the first connecting structure 241 is connected with the hip bone 100, and the second connecting structure 242 is connected with the mounting hole 231.

The first connecting structure 241 and the second connecting structure 242 are connected with the hip bone 100 and the mounting hole 231, respectively, so that the artificial ligament 240 can be detachably connected, thereby facilitating the replacement operation of the bionic hip joint 200.

Specifically, when the first connection structure 241 is provided, the first connection structure 241 may include a connection screw 243 and a ferrule 244; the connection screw 243 includes a body and a connection groove disposed on the body, the ligament body is clamped with the ferrule connector 244, and the ferrule connector 244 is matched with the connection groove; therefore, the connection between the end of the ligament body connected to the first connection structure 241 and the connection screw 243 can be realized by such a connection method.

In addition, it should be noted that the connection between the artificial ligament 240 and the hip bone 100 can be achieved by the threaded connection between the connection screw 243 and the hip bone 100, and in this process, in order to improve the connection strength of the artificial ligament 240, when the fixing hole 211 is provided, the fixing hole 211 can be provided as a screw hole matched with the connection screw 243, so that the connection screw 243 is simultaneously in threaded connection with the fixing hole 211 and the hip bone 100, and the connection stability can be further improved.

When the second connecting structure 242 is provided, the second connecting structure 242 may include a first stopper 245, a spring 246 and a second stopper 247. The first limiting member 245 and the second limiting member 247 are arranged in the installation hole 231 at intervals along the axial direction of the installation hole 231, the spring 246 is located between the first limiting member 245 and the second limiting member 247, the first limiting member 245 and the second limiting member 247 are both fixedly connected with the installation hole 231, and the first limiting member 245, the second limiting member 247 and the installation hole 231 jointly define a movable area for the spring 246 to move; one end of the ligament connected to the second connecting structure 242 extends into the active region after passing through the first limiting member 245, and is connected to the spring 246.

Therefore, in the above manner, one end of the ligament body extends into the active region of the spring 246 and is connected to the spring 246, so that when the artificial ligament 240 is under an external force, the spring 246 is compressed by the end of the ligament body connected to the spring 246, so that the ligament body has a certain degree of activity, and the degree of activity is limited by the first limiting member 245, the second limiting member 247 and the spring 246, and has a certain restoring effect under the action force of the spring 246, thereby being capable of assisting in increasing the elastic tensile stress of the artificial ligament 240.

In addition, when the first connecting member and the second connecting member are provided, the activity of the spring 246 can be adjusted by adjusting the interval between the first connecting member and the second connecting member, and thus the activity of the ligament body can be adjusted. It should be noted that such an embodiment is to adjust the mobility of the ligament body, and the ligament body may also be directly connected to the femoral head 230 on the premise that the tensile strength and elasticity of the artificial ligament 240 meet the use requirements.

Further, referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the femoral head 230 includes a head 232 and a stem 233 connected to the head 232; the head 232 is configured with a first connection hole 234 and a second connection hole 235, the first connection hole 234 communicates with the second connection hole 235; the handle body 233 is fitted with the second coupling hole 235, and a portion of the handle body 233 fitted with the second coupling hole 235 is provided with a third coupling hole 236, the third coupling hole 236 communicating with the first coupling hole 234. When the second connection structure 242 is mounted, the second connection structure 242 may be disposed in the three connection holes.

To facilitate the connection of the head 232 and the shank 233, the second connection hole 235 is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the second connection hole 235 gradually increases in a direction from the outside of the head 232 to the inside of the second connection hole 235.

In addition, to prevent the second connecting structure 242 from separating from the third connecting hole 236, the third connecting hole 236 may be configured as a tapered hole, and the diameter of the third connecting hole 236 gradually decreases from the end far away from the first connecting hole 234 to the end near the first connecting hole 234; and the diameter of the first limiting member 245 is larger than the minimum diameter of the third connecting hole 236, so as to prevent the first limiting member 245 from separating from the third connecting hole 236.

The steps of the installation of the bionic hip joint 200 are as follows:

after the acetabulum 210 is positioned, the connecting screws 243 are connected with the fixing holes 211 and the hip bone 100 by using a special wrench, and then the artificial ligament 240 passes through the through hole 221 on the inner pad 220, so that the inner pad 220 is embedded and fixed with the acetabulum 210.

After the head 232 and the stem 233 are properly positioned, the artificial ligament 240 is threaded through the first attachment hole 234 and reduction of the head 232 and the stem 233 is performed. After the artificial ligament 240 is reset, the first limiting member 245 and the second limiting member 247 of the second connecting structure 242 are installed, so that the ligament body is matched with the spring 246 after passing through the first limiting member 245 and is completely placed;

the mobility of the artificial ligament 240 is adjusted to meet the mobility of the hip joint, and then the second connector is locked and the placement is completed.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic hip joint is characterized in that:

the bionic hip joint comprises an acetabulum, an inner pad, a femoral head and an artificial ligament;

the femoral head is a connecting point relative to the rotation center of the rotation of the acetabulum in the range of the motion degree of the femoral head; the axis of the artificial ligament passes through the connection point.

2. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 1, wherein:

the acetabulum is provided with a fixing hole, the inner pad is provided with a through hole, and the femoral head is provided with a mounting hole;

3. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 2, wherein:

the fixing hole, the through hole and the mounting hole are all round holes or elliptical holes, and the axis of the fixing hole, the axis of the through hole and the axis of the mounting hole coincide.

4. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 2, wherein:

the artificial ligament comprises a ligament body, a first connecting structure and a second connecting structure, wherein the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure are arranged at two ends of the ligament body;

5. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 4, wherein:

the first connecting structure comprises a connecting screw and a clamping sleeve joint;

the tough band body with cutting ferrule connects the joint, the cutting ferrule connect with connecting screw connects.

6. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 5, wherein:

the connecting screw comprises a body and a connecting groove arranged on the body, and the ferrule joint is matched with the connecting groove;

the cutting sleeve joint and the tough belt body are connected with the connecting groove through cold welding.

7. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 4, wherein:

the second connecting structure comprises a first limiting piece, a spring and a second limiting piece;

the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are arranged in the mounting hole at intervals along the axial direction of the mounting hole, the spring is positioned between the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece, the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are fixedly connected with the mounting hole, and the first limiting piece, the second limiting piece and the mounting hole jointly limit a movable area for the spring to move;

one end of the ligament body connected with the second connecting structure penetrates through the first limiting part and then extends into the movable area, and is connected with the spring.

8. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 7, wherein:

the femoral head comprises a head and a handle body connected with the head;

the second connecting structure is arranged in the three connecting holes.

9. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 8, wherein:

the second connecting hole is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the second connecting hole is gradually increased along the direction from the outside of the head part to the inside of the second connecting hole.

10. The biomimetic hip joint according to claim 8, wherein:

the third connecting hole is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the third connecting hole is gradually reduced from one end far away from the first connecting hole to one end close to the first connecting hole;