CN111565075A - Broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generating device and a method, wherein an output port of a laser is connected with an input port of a carrier modulation module, an output port of the carrier modulation module is connected with an input port of the phase coding modulation module, an output port of the phase coding modulation module is connected with an optical input port of a photoelectric detector after passing through an optical fiber, and the photoelectric detector outputs a required phase coding signal. The present invention generates an optical carrier signal by using an integrated polarization multiplexing modulator and then phase-code-modulates the generated carrier signal by the polarization modulator, thereby generating a phase-coded signal without baseband interference. The amplitude of the signal is tuned by controlling the direct-current bias voltage of the polarization multiplexing modulator, so that the system disclosed by the invention is expanded into a phased array radar system and a frequency control array radar system, has a wider application scene, and has important significance for fusion and development of a next generation military and civil radar system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photoelectricity, in particular to a signal generating device and an implementation method.
Background
With the increasing complexity of target detection and electromagnetic interference, the future radar system is continuously developing towards the directions of large bandwidth, multiple frequency bands, multiple functions, interference resistance, portability and flexibility. Especially, under the modern war requirement of integration of sky, sea and land, the radar system faces a severe test, targets needing to be detected and interfered are more and more complex, and the requirements are that the flying speed is fast, the maneuverability is strong, and the targets which are uncertain are fast locked. How to break through the limitation of the existing electronic bottleneck and realize a radar system with large bandwidth, reconfigurable performance and flexible waveform is the leading-edge position and hotspot field of the research of modern radar systems. The microwave photon radar utilizes the large bandwidth and the anti-electromagnetic interference characteristic of the photon technology, and can effectively overcome the electronic bottleneck faced by the traditional microwave radar. Phase-coded signals allow higher transmit power to be achieved using longer duration waveforms by non-linearly modulating the phase of the transmitted signal, while achieving short pulse resolution by inter-modulation without requiring high peak power for the short pulses, an efficient means of achieving large time-bandwidth products. At present, a phase coding signal generation technology based on a microwave photon technology has become a hotspot of research in the radar field, and has bright application prospect and urgent need in phased array radar and frequency control array radar systems.
The reported radar phase coding technology based on the microwave photon technology can generate pulse compression phase coding signals with larger bandwidth and frequency, but baseband modulation interference (background noise) often exists, the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signals is deteriorated, and the detection precision and accuracy of the radar are affected. In addition, the prior art only considers the generation of the pulse compression phase coding signal, and does not consider the amplitude weighting coefficient of the multiple transmission signals. However, in phased array radar and frequency controlled array radar systems, it is often necessary to control the amplitude of the phase encoded signal generated in order to achieve beam forming and beam optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for generating a broadband microwave photon phase coding signal. The invention can realize the generation of phase coding signals with high frequency, large bandwidth and no baseband modulation interference by utilizing photoelectric devices such as a polarization multiplexing modulator, a polarization controller, a polarizer and the like. Meanwhile, the invention can also control the amplitude of the generated phase coding signal, thereby effectively solving the signal amplitude weighting problem of the phase coding signal in the wave beam forming and wave beam optimization of the phased array radar and the frequency control array radar. Therefore, the system effectively overcomes the electronic bottleneck problems of high frequency and large bandwidth faced by the traditional microwave radar system, simultaneously integrates baseband modulation interference suppression and amplitude tunable technology, has compact structure, high stability and stronger practical value and significance, and can realize photonic integration.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device comprises a laser, a radio frequency signal source, a carrier modulation module, a baseband code element generator, a phase coding modulation module, an optical fiber and a photoelectric detector, wherein an output port of the laser is connected with an input port of the carrier modulation module, an output port of the carrier modulation module is connected with an input port of the phase coding modulation module, an output port of the phase coding modulation module is connected with an optical input port of the photoelectric detector after passing through the optical fiber, and the photoelectric detector outputs a required phase coding signal.
The carrier modulation module is an integrated polarization multiplexing double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM), a radio frequency signal output by a radio frequency signal source is input to one radio frequency port of the sub-modulator MZMX, the other radio frequency port is unloaded, and a direct current bias voltage V is appliedDC1For adjusting the operating point of the modulator; the sub-modulator MZMY does not apply radio frequency signals, and the direct current port applies direct current voltage VDC2And the optical carrier amplitude of the MZMY output is adjusted.
The phase coding module comprises two polarization controllers, a polarization modulator and a polarizer, wherein an output port of the first polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarization modulator, an output port of the polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the second polarization controller, an output port of the second polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarizer, and an output port of the baseband code element generator is connected with a radio frequency port of the polarization modulator.
The invention also provides an implementation method of the broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the single carrier laser output by the laser and the radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency signal source are respectively expressed as:
and s (t) ═ V1sin(ω1t); wherein E iscIs the electric field strength, ω, of the optical carriercIs the angular frequency of the optical carrier, s (t) is the radio frequency signal, V1、ω1Amplitude and angular frequency of the radio frequency signal, respectively;
step 2: the single carrier laser output by the laser is input to the optical input port of the carrier modulation module, the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal source is input to the radio frequency input port of the sub-modulator of the carrier modulation module,
the dc bias angles of the sub-modulators MZMX and MZMY respectively,
is the modulation index, V, of the sub-modulator MZMXπIs the half-wave voltage of the sub-modulator MZMX; when V isDC1＝Vπα1Pi, the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMX of the carrier modulation module is expressed as:
wherein, J1(. cndot.) is a first-order Bessel function of the first kind;
the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMY is represented as:
and step 3: an optical signal output by the carrier modulation module is input to the phase coding modulation module, and a polarization controller I is used for controlling 2 main shafts of the polarization multiplexing signal to be parallel to 2 main shafts of the polarization modulator, namely, an included angle is 0 degree; the baseband code element generated by the baseband code element generator is input to a radio frequency input port of the polarization modulator to convert an electric signal into an optical signal, and the optical signal output by the polarization modulator is represented as:
wherein, c (t) is a baseband code element, and gamma is a modulation index of the code element in the polarization modulator;
and 4, step 4: and adjusting the second polarization controller to enable an included angle between a main axis of the polarization multiplexing signal and a main axis of the polarizer to be 45 degrees, and then expressing the optical signal output by the polarizer as follows:
and 5: and injecting the optical signal output by the polarizer into the photoelectric detector, and then expressing the photocurrent output by the photoelectric detector as:
as shown by the formula (5), the output photocurrent does not include a baseband modulation component, so that baseband interference is suppressed; when c (t) > 0, the signal output by photoelectric detection is sin (omega)1t + pi); when c (t) < 0, the signal output by the photoelectric detection is sin (omega)1t); when c (t) is 0, the signal output by photoelectric detection is zero, and the generation of a pulse signal is realized; therefore, the binary phase encoding pulse can be generated by adjusting the polarity of the phase encoding signal; in addition, as also shown in the formula (5),amplitude sum α of phase encoded signal2In connection with, adjusting the DC offset angle α2The amplitude of the phase coding signal can be changed, and the method is applied to phased array radar beam forming and optimization and signal amplitude equalization in a multi-base radar system.
The invention has the advantages that the optical carrier signal is generated by using the integrated polarization multiplexing modulator, and then the phase coding modulation is carried out on the generated carrier signal by the polarization modulator, thereby generating the phase coding signal without baseband interference. In addition, the amplitude of the signal can be tuned by controlling the direct-current bias voltage of the polarization multiplexing modulator, so that the system disclosed by the invention is expanded into a phased array radar system and a frequency control array radar system, has a wider application scene and has important significance for the fusion and development of the next generation military and civil radar system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a broadband microwave photon phase-encoded signal generating apparatus for suppressing baseband interference according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a comparison of the waveforms of a baseband symbol and a resulting phase encoded signal of the present invention, FIG. 2(a) is a graph of a comparison of the waveforms of a baseband symbol, and FIG. 2(b) is a graph of a comparison of the waveforms of a phase encoded signal;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged comparison of the baseband symbol and resulting phase encoded signal waveform of the present invention, FIG. 3(a) is a partial baseband symbol waveform, and FIG. 3(b) is a partial phase encoded signal waveform;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a symbol comparison of the present invention, fig. 4(a) a diagram of a symbol extracted from a phase encoded signal, and fig. 4(b) a diagram of a baseband symbol.
Fig. 5 is an autocorrelation diagram of a phase encoded signal produced by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The system can generate phase coding signals with large bandwidth, no baseband interference and tunable amplitude, electro-optic modulation and phase coding modulation are respectively carried out on radio frequency signals in an optical domain by using a polarization multiplexing modulator and a polarization modulator, the modulated signals are input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, and finally required phase coding signals are generated. By using VPI optical simulation software, the system provided by the invention is subjected to simulation verification, and Matlab is used for extracting phase information of the generated phase coding signal, the experimental result shows that the extracted phase information has excellent consistency with the original phase coding signal, and the peak side lobe ratio can reach 6.4 dB.
In the invention:
1) a laser: used for outputting the single carrier laser;
2) a signal source: for generating a radio frequency carrier signal;
3) optical fiber: as a transmission channel for optical signals, for remote transmission of signals.
4) A carrier modulation module: the two sub MZMs work at proper working points to perform electro-optical modulation on radio frequency driving signals;
5) a phase code modulation module: the device consists of a polarization controller, a polarization modulator and a polarizer and is used for carrying out phase coding modulation on a radio frequency carrier signal.
6) A photoelectric detector: the photoelectric conversion device is used for performing photoelectric conversion and converting optical signals into electric signals.
A broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device capable of suppressing baseband interference comprises a laser, a radio frequency signal source, a carrier modulation module, a baseband code element generator, a phase coding modulation module, an optical fiber and a photoelectric detector.
The carrier modulation module is an integrated polarization multiplexing double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM), a radio frequency signal output by a radio frequency signal source is input to one radio frequency port of the sub-modulator MZMX, the other radio frequency port is unloaded, and a direct current bias voltage V is appliedDC1For adjusting the operating point of the modulator;the sub-modulator MZMY does not apply radio frequency signals, and the direct current port applies direct current voltage VDC2And the optical carrier amplitude of the MZMY output is adjusted.
The phase coding module comprises two polarization controllers, a polarization modulator and a polarizer, wherein an output port of the first polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarization modulator, an output port of the polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the second polarization controller, an output port of the second polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarizer, and an output port of the baseband code element generator is connected with a radio frequency port of the polarization modulator.
The implementation method of the broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device for inhibiting the baseband interference comprises the following steps:
step 1: the single carrier laser output by the laser and the radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency signal source are respectively expressed as:
and s (t) ═ V1sin(ω1t); wherein E iscIs the electric field strength, ω, of the optical carriercIs the angular frequency of the optical carrier, s (t) is the radio frequency signal, V1、ω1Amplitude and angular frequency of the radio frequency signal, respectively;
step 2: the single carrier laser output by the laser is input to the optical input port of the carrier modulation module, the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal source is input to the radio frequency input port of the sub-modulator of the carrier modulation module,
the dc bias angles of the sub-modulators MZMX and MZMY respectively,
is the modulation index, V, of the sub-modulator MZMXπIs the half-wave voltage of the sub-modulator MZMX; when V isDC1＝Vπα1Pi, the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMX of the carrier modulation module is expressed as:
wherein, J1(. cndot.) is a first-order Bessel function of the first kind;
the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMY is represented as:
and step 3: an optical signal output by the carrier modulation module is input to the phase coding modulation module, and a polarization controller I is used for controlling 2 main shafts of the polarization multiplexing signal to be parallel to 2 main shafts of the polarization modulator, namely, an included angle is 0 degree; the baseband code element generated by the baseband code element generator is input to a radio frequency input port of the polarization modulator to convert an electric signal into an optical signal, and the optical signal output by the polarization modulator is represented as:
wherein, c (t) is a baseband code element, and gamma is a modulation index of the code element in the polarization modulator;
and 4, step 4: and adjusting the second polarization controller to enable an included angle between a main axis of the polarization multiplexing signal and a main axis of the polarizer to be 45 degrees, and then expressing the optical signal output by the polarizer as follows:
and 5: and injecting the optical signal output by the polarizer into the photoelectric detector, and then expressing the photocurrent output by the photoelectric detector as:
as can be seen from equation (5), the output photocurrent does not include a baseband modulation component, and thus baseband interference is suppressed. When c (t) > 0, the signal output by photoelectric detection is sin (omega)1t + pi); when c (t) < 0, the photo-detector outputsThe output signal is sin (ω)1t) when c (t) is 0, the signal output by the photoelectric detection is zero, and the generation of the pulse signal can be realized, therefore, the binary phase encoding pulse can be generated by adjusting the polarity of the phase encoding signal, and the amplitude of the phase encoding signal is α as shown in the formula (5)2In relation to, therefore, the DC offset angle α is adjusted2The amplitude of the phase encoded signal can also be varied, which can be applied to phased array radar beam forming and optimization, and signal amplitude equalization in multi-base radar systems.
Example (b):
the broadband microwave photon phase coding signal generation device and method for inhibiting baseband interference are subjected to simulation verification through VPI optical simulation software, and the device diagram of the embodiment refers to FIG. 1.
The devices required in the experiments included: the device comprises photoelectric devices such as a radio frequency signal source, an arbitrary waveform generator, a single carrier laser, a PDM-MZM, a polarization controller, a polarization modulator, a polarizer and the like. The main parameters of the experimental device are as follows:
radio frequency signal: frequency 20GHz, power 20 dBm;
single carrier laser: the output wavelength is 1551nm and the power is 40 mw;
PDM-MZM: the half-wave voltage is 3.5V, the insertion loss is 15dB, and the extinction ratio is 20 dB;
polarization controller: insertion loss 3dBm, extinction ratio 20 dB;
photodetector: the responsivity was 0.9A/W.
The method comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: the laser source is connected with the optical input port of the PDM-MZM, and a radio frequency carrier signal output by the signal source is fed into a radio frequency port of a sub-modulator MZMX of the PDM-MZM in the carrier modulation module;
step 2: the radio frequency carrier is input into the phase coding modulation module after electro-optical modulation and is modulated by a baseband code element, wherein the baseband code element is generated by an external arbitrary waveform generator, and the waveform and the partial enlarged view of the generated baseband code element are shown in fig. 2(a) and fig. 3 (a);
and step 3: the output port of the phase coding modulation module is connected with an optical fiber, and the optical fiber transmits the phase coding modulation module to a photoelectric detector for photoelectric detection to generate a phase coding signal, as shown in fig. 2(b) and 3 (b);
and 5: the generated electrical phase encoded waveform is hilbert transformed using Matlab to extract phase information, and the extracted phase information is compared with the original phase encoded signal, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the two patterns are highly identical.
And 4, step 4: the generated phase coding signal is subjected to autocorrelation by Matlab, the obtained normalized autocorrelation curve is shown in FIG. 5, the peak sidelobe ratio can reach 6.4dB, the pulse compression ratio is 63.8, and the theoretical value is 64, so that the theory and simulation results obtain better consistency.
The above-described embodiments are merely examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, it should be understood that various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure, and that the frequency and power of the rf signal, the wavelength and power of the laser, the transmission waveform (phase-coded signal or chirp signal), etc. can be varied. Such equivalent modifications and substitutions, as well as adjustments to the frequency range, should also be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a broadband microwave photon phase code signal generating device, includes laser instrument, radio frequency signal source, carrier modulation module, baseband code element generator, phase code modulation module, optic fibre and photoelectric detector which characterized in that:
the output port of the laser is connected with the input port of the carrier modulation module, the output port of the carrier modulation module is connected with the input port of the phase coding modulation module, the output port of the phase coding modulation module is connected with the optical input port of the photoelectric detector after passing through the optical fiber, and the photoelectric detector outputs the required phase coding signal.
2. The apparatus for generating a broadband microwave photonic phase encoded signal according to claim 1, wherein:
the carrier modulation module is a setThe RF signal output by the RF signal source is input to one RF port of the sub-modulator MZMX, the other RF port is idle, and the DC bias voltage V is zeroDC1For adjusting the operating point of the modulator; the sub-modulator MZMY does not apply radio frequency signals, and the direct current port applies direct current voltage VDC2And the optical carrier amplitude of the MZMY output is adjusted.
3. The apparatus for generating a broadband microwave photonic phase encoded signal according to claim 1, wherein:
the phase coding module comprises two polarization controllers, a polarization modulator and a polarizer, wherein an output port of the first polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarization modulator, an output port of the polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the second polarization controller, an output port of the second polarization modulator is connected with an input port of the polarizer, and an output port of the baseband code element generator is connected with a radio frequency port of the polarization modulator.
4. A method for implementing the apparatus for generating a broadband microwave photonic phase-coded signal according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the single carrier laser output by the laser and the radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency signal source are respectively expressed as:
and s (t) ═ V1sin(ω1t); wherein E iscIs the electric field strength, ω, of the optical carriercIs the angular frequency of the optical carrier, s (t) is the radio frequency signal, V1、ω1Amplitude and angular frequency of the radio frequency signal, respectively;
step 2: the single carrier laser output by the laser is input to the optical input port of the carrier modulation module, the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal source is input to the radio frequency input port of the sub-modulator of the carrier modulation module,
the dc bias angles of the sub-modulators MZMX and MZMY respectively,
is the modulation index, V, of the sub-modulator MZMXπIs the half-wave voltage of the sub-modulator MZMX; when V isDC1＝Vπα1Pi, the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMX of the carrier modulation module is expressed as:
wherein, J1(. cndot.) is a first-order Bessel function of the first kind;
the optical field output by the sub-modulator MZMY is represented as:
and step 3: an optical signal output by the carrier modulation module is input to the phase coding modulation module, and a polarization controller I is used for controlling 2 main shafts of the polarization multiplexing signal to be parallel to 2 main shafts of the polarization modulator, namely, an included angle is 0 degree; the baseband code element generated by the baseband code element generator is input to a radio frequency input port of the polarization modulator to convert an electric signal into an optical signal, and the optical signal output by the polarization modulator is represented as:
wherein, c (t) is a baseband code element, and gamma is a modulation index of the code element in the polarization modulator;
and 4, step 4: and adjusting the second polarization controller to enable an included angle between a main axis of the polarization multiplexing signal and a main axis of the polarizer to be 45 degrees, and then expressing the optical signal output by the polarizer as follows:
and 5: and injecting the optical signal output by the polarizer into the photoelectric detector, and then expressing the photocurrent output by the photoelectric detector as:
as shown by the formula (5), the output photocurrent does not include a baseband modulation component, so that baseband interference is suppressed; when c (t) > 0, the signal output by photoelectric detection is sin (omega)1t + pi); when c (t) < 0, the signal output by the photoelectric detection is sin (omega)1t) when c (t) is 0, the signal output by photoelectric detection is zero to realize the generation of pulse signal, so that the binary phase code pulse can be generated by adjusting the polarity of the phase code signal, and the amplitude of the phase code signal is α2In connection with, adjusting the DC offset angle α2The amplitude of the phase coding signal can be changed, and the method is applied to phased array radar beam forming and optimization and signal amplitude equalization in a multi-base radar system.
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| CN112816963B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-04-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Microwave photon biphase coding signal generator |
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Application publication date: 20200821 |