CN111564973A - DC-DC adaptive power supply and conversion control method thereof - Google Patents
DC-DC adaptive power supply and conversion control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111564973A CN111564973A CN202010501599.2A CN202010501599A CN111564973A CN 111564973 A CN111564973 A CN 111564973A CN 202010501599 A CN202010501599 A CN 202010501599A CN 111564973 A CN111564973 A CN 111564973A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DC-DC adaptive power supply and a conversion control method thereof, which relate to the field of integrated circuits and comprise a DC/DC converter module, a microprocessor module, a voltage detection unit, a filtering module, an auxiliary power supply module, a feedback circuit, a current detection unit, an overvoltage protection module, an overcurrent protection module, a fault signal transmission circuit, a fault protection action circuit, a PWM module and a first number of delay modules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, in particular to a DC-DC adaptive power supply and a conversion control method thereof.
Background
PWM: (pulse width modulation) pulse width modulation PWM is a term in switching type regulated power supplies. This is classified into a control method of voltage stabilization, and in addition to the PWM type, there are PFM type and a PWM and PFM hybrid type. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switch type voltage stabilizing circuit adjusts the duty ratio through voltage feedback under the condition that the output frequency of a control circuit is not changed, thereby achieving the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage. PFM: pulse frequency modulation (Pulse frequency modulation) a Pulse modulation technique in which the frequency of a modulated signal varies with the amplitude of an input signal and the duty cycle is constant. Because the modulation signal is usually a square wave signal with variable frequency, PFM (pulse frequency modulation) is also called as square wave FMPWM (frequency modulation pulse width modulation) and is wide and narrow in frequency, PFM is the change of frequency, PWM is the control output by utilizing the pulse width of the wave, and PFM is the control output by utilizing the pulse, wherein PWM is the most extensive control mode applied to the switching power supply at present, and the PWM has the characteristics of low noise, high efficiency at full load and capability of working in a continuous conduction mode, and a plurality of PWM (pulse width modulation) integrated chips with good performance and low price are available on the market at present; PFM has the advantage of low static power consumption, but it does not have the function of current limiting and cannot operate in continuous conduction mode.
The multi-path DC/DC converter (english: Direct current-Direct current converter) is widely applied to electronic devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, PDAs (english: Personal Digital assistants), cameras, etc., and along with the rapid development of electronic control technology, the output current of the multi-path DC/DC converter is increasing, which causes the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) Interference problem generated by the multi-path DC/DC converter to be more serious and affects the normal use of the electronic devices. Currently, the EMI emission value of the multi-channel DC/DC converter is reduced by adjusting the switching frequency of the multi-channel DC/DC converter to adjust the out-of-limit point of the EMI to the sensitive area. However, the EMI radiation value is reduced by adjusting the switching frequency, the error is large, and the EMI radiation value is easily affected by external factors (such as temperature), under a complicated and changeable external environment, it is difficult to reasonably adjust the switching frequency of the DC/DC converter, the index difference of the EMI measured at different times is large, and the existing DC/DC converter does not have a fault detection function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a DC-DC adaptive power supply and a conversion control method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a DC-DC adaptive power supply comprises a DC/DC converter module, a microprocessor module, a voltage detection unit, a filtering module, an auxiliary power supply module, a feedback circuit, a current detection unit, an overvoltage protection module, an overcurrent protection module, a fault signal transmission circuit, a fault protection action circuit, a PWM module and a first number of delay modules;
the DC/DC converter module and the auxiliary power supply module are respectively connected with the filtering module, the PWM module is respectively connected with the auxiliary power supply module and the DC/DC conversion module, and the feedback circuit is respectively connected with the power output end and the PWM module.
The output of the DC/DC converter module is connected with the input of the voltage and current detection unit;
the output of the voltage and current detection unit is connected with the input of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module;
the output of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is connected with the input of the fault signal transmission circuit;
the output of the fault signal transmission circuit is respectively connected with the input of the fault protection action circuit and the input of the microprocessor module;
the output of the microprocessor module is connected with the input of the PWM output module;
the output of the PWM output module is connected with the input of the DC/DC converter module;
each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module is respectively connected with a third quantity of delay modules of the first quantity of delay modules in series, each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first quantity of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth quantity of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter, the fourth quantity is equal to the sum of the first quantity and the second quantity, and the first quantity is equal to the product of the second quantity and the third quantity;
the PWM module is used for outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, and each clock signal is used for controlling the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal;
the delay module is configured to delay the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module to obtain a delay signal, where the delay signal is used to control the switch of the multi-channel DC/DC converter to be turned on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal.
Preferably, each of the second number of output terminals of the PWM module and the output terminal of each of the first number of delay modules is connected to a fourth number of switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relationship, where the corresponding relationship is a corresponding relationship between the switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converter, the output terminals of the PWM module and the output terminals of the delay modules, which is determined according to the output current of the multi-channel DC/DC converter, the phases of the second number of clock signals and the phases of the first number of delay signals.
Preferably, the overvoltage protection module comprises a current-limiting resistor I, a slide rheostat I, a feedback resistor I, an operational amplifier I, a clamping diode I, a NAND gate I, a current-limiting resistor II, a slow-speed optocoupler I and an output grounding resistor I, wherein,
one end of the current limiting resistor I is used as the input end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the current limiting resistor I is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier I;
one end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier I, and the other end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the analog ground; the output end of the operational amplifier I is connected with the input end of the NAND gate through the clamping diode I; the output end of the NAND gate is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler I through the current-limiting resistor II; and the output end of the slow optical coupler I is taken as the output end of the overvoltage protection module and led out of the module. One end of the output grounding resistor I is used as the output end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor I is grounded.
Preferably, the over-current protection module comprises a current-limiting resistor III, a sliding rheostat II, a feedback resistor II, an operational amplifier II, a clamping diode II, a NAND gate II, a current-limiting resistor IV, a slow optocoupler II and an output grounding resistor II, wherein,
one end of the current-limiting resistor III is used as the input end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the current-limiting resistor III is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier II; one end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier II, the other end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier II in an analog mode, the output end of the operational amplifier II is connected with the input end of the NAND gate II through the clamping diode II, and the output of the NAND gate II is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler II through the current limiting resistor IV; the output end of the low-speed optocoupler device II is taken as the output end of the overcurrent protection module and led out of the overcurrent protection module; one end of the output grounding resistor II is used as the output end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor II is grounded.
Preferably, the fault signal transmission circuit includes input current limiting resistors v, vi and a fast optocoupler, wherein,
the input ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the output ends of the overvoltage protection module and the overcurrent protection module, and the other ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the input ends of the quick optocoupler devices;
and the output end of the quick optical coupler is used as the output end of the fault signal transmission circuit.
Preferably, the DC/DC converter further comprises a detection circuit, configured to output a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, where the second clock signal and the first clock signal enable the first duty cycle signal and the control signal to be kept at the same frequency, and the feedback signal is used to detect whether a transient occurs in an input voltage of the DC/DC converter; and
a cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit electrically coupled to the PWM generator and the detecting circuit, for outputting a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal;
wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
Preferably, the detection circuit includes:
the sawtooth wave generator is used for generating a sawtooth wave signal and adjusting the slope, height or average level of the sawtooth wave signal according to the second clock signal and the feedback signal; and
the comparator is electrically coupled to the sawtooth wave generator and used for comparing the sawtooth wave signal with a first reference voltage and generating the control signal;
the detection circuit generates the control signal cycle by cycle according to a clock cycle of the second clock signal.
A DC \ DC adaptive power supply conversion control method comprises the following steps:
step 1: when a fault condition is detected, an output switch of the DC/DC converter is closed, and meanwhile, a fault signal is transmitted to the microprocessor; judging whether the fault signal is a continuous fault or not, if the fault signal still exists in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, judging that the fault signal is the continuous fault signal, and turning off the PWM output signal by the microprocessor;
if the fault signal disappears in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, the fault signal is judged to be a non-continuous fault signal, and the microprocessor continues to output a PWM signal;
step 2: outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases through the PWM module, wherein the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, so that each clock signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal; delaying the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module through the delay module to obtain a delay signal, so that the delay signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal;
each output end of the second number of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first number of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth number of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relation;
and step 3: the output voltage adjusting circuit receives the output voltage of the DC/DC converter and generates a duty ratio adjusting signal according to the output voltage;
the PWM generator generates a first duty ratio signal according to a first clock signal and the duty ratio adjusting signal;
the detection circuit outputs a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is used for detecting whether the input voltage of the DC/DC converter has transient, and the second clock signal and the first clock signal enable the first duty ratio signal and the control signal to keep the same frequency; the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit outputs a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal; wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the protection of the converter is realized by adopting a mode of combining overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and a microprocessor, when the converter has the conditions of overvoltage input and overcurrent output, the PWM module determines to directly stop or suspend stop according to the signal category of protection feedback, so that the converter and load equipment thereof are protected, the energy loss of the traditional protection device for directly stopping and restarting is reduced by differentially processing faults, and the quick response of the DC/DC converter to a fault protection action circuit when the DC/DC converter encounters the faults can be realized through a fault detection circuit.
2. Each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first quantity of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth quantity of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter, the PWM module outputs a second quantity of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, to control the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal, the delay module delays the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected with the delay module in series, so as to obtain the delay signal and control the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal. The switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter is controlled by different clock signals and delay signals, the EMI radiation value of the multi-path DC/DC converter can be reduced on the premise of fixed frequency, the error is small, the influence of external factors is not easy to occur, and the stability is high.
3. The control circuit responding to the transient variation of the input voltage can rapidly respond to the transient variation of the input voltage within a plurality of clock cycles, and can even be one clock cycle; different from a control circuit in a traditional PWM controller, the selection of the parameters of components in the circuit does not influence the characteristics of a feedback loop; furthermore, in contrast to the control circuitry in a digital PWM controller, a variety of signals such as input voltage, output voltage, and output current may be selected to reflect instantaneous changes in input voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control device of the multi-way DC/DC converter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a DC/DC converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a PWM output module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the multiple output DC/DC secondary power system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a conventional PWM controller with feed forward capability according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram illustrating the implementation of the feedforward function of a conventional PWM controller according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a digital PWM controller with feed forward capability according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a control circuit responsive to an input voltage transient of a DC/DC converter in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of waveforms of key signals when the input voltage is in a steady state according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
A DC-DC adaptive power supply comprises a DC/DC converter module, a microprocessor module, a voltage detection unit, a filtering module, an auxiliary power supply module, a feedback circuit, a current detection unit, an overvoltage protection module, an overcurrent protection module, a fault signal transmission circuit, a fault protection action circuit, a PWM module and a first number of delay modules;
the DC/DC converter module and the auxiliary power supply module are respectively connected with the filtering module, the PWM module is respectively connected with the auxiliary power supply module and the DC/DC conversion module, and the feedback circuit is respectively connected with the power output end and the PWM module.
The output of the DC/DC converter module is connected with the input of the voltage and current detection unit;
the output of the voltage and current detection unit is connected with the input of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module;
the output of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is connected with the input of the fault signal transmission circuit;
the output of the fault signal transmission circuit is respectively connected with the input of the fault protection action circuit and the input of the microprocessor module;
the output of the microprocessor module is connected with the input of the PWM output module;
the output of the PWM output module is connected with the input of the DC/DC converter module;
each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module is respectively connected with a third quantity of delay modules of the first quantity of delay modules in series, each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first quantity of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth quantity of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter, the fourth quantity is equal to the sum of the first quantity and the second quantity, and the first quantity is equal to the product of the second quantity and the third quantity;
the PWM module is used for outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, and each clock signal is used for controlling the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal;
the delay module is configured to delay the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module to obtain a delay signal, where the delay signal is used to control the switch of the multi-channel DC/DC converter to be turned on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal.
It should be noted that each output end of the second number of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first number of delay modules are respectively connected to a fourth number of switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relationship, where the corresponding relationship is a corresponding relationship between the switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converter and the output ends of the PWM module and the output ends of the delay modules, which is determined according to the output current of the multi-channel DC/DC converter, the phases of the second number of clock signals and the phases of the first number of delay signals.
For example, the multi-way DC/DC converter includes a fourth number of DC/DC circuits (the fourth number may be an even number greater than or equal to 2), each of the DC/DC circuits has a switch for controlling the DC/DC circuits to turn on or off, and the switch may be a switching Transistor, such as a triode or a MOS Transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor). When the switches of the DC/DC circuits in the multi-path DC/DC converter are turned on or off at a fixed frequency, the DC/DC circuits generate significant EMI phenomena, which affect the normal use of the multi-path DC/DC converter, and the EMI radiation values of the multi-path DC/DC converter 103 can be reduced by offsetting the EMI generated by different DC/DC circuits, thereby ensuring the normal use of the multi-path DC/DC converter 103.
First, a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases are output through the PWM module (the PWM module may be a PWM module integrated in a single chip microcomputer, and can output clock signals with specified frequency and different phases, for example, the PWM module 101 may output clock signals with a frequency of 100KHz and phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, and respectively send the second number of clock signals to switches of a second number of multi-channel DC/DC converters, so as to control the second number of switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converters to be turned on or off according to the frequency and the phases of the clock signals. The second number is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, the phase difference between any two clock signals is an integer multiple of a preset phase, the preset phase can be determined by setting α to 360 °/n, α is the preset phase, and n is the second number. For example, if the PWM module outputs 4 clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, the preset phase is 90 °, as shown in fig. 2, the PWM module may output clock signals with phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. And then delaying the clock signals by the delay module to obtain a first number of delay signals, and respectively sending the first number of delay signals to the switches of the first number of multi-path DC/DC converters to control the first number of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converters to be turned on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signals, wherein the first number is an integer greater than or equal to 0, when the first number is 0, it indicates that the delay module is not needed, the control of the multi-path DC/DC converters can be completed only by the clock signals output by the PWM module 101, and the first number is a second number and a third number, the fourth number is the first number plus the second number, i.e. the sum of the number of the clock signals and the number of the delay signals is the number of the DC/DC circuits included in the multi-path DC/DC converter. Then each of the fourth number of DC/DC circuits included in the multi-way DC/DC converter corresponds to a clock signal, or delay signal. Due to the phase difference between the individual clock signals, the phase difference between the corresponding delayed signals is also different (the frequency of all clock signals and delayed signals is the same). Therefore, the switches of the plurality of DC/DC circuits are respectively controlled to be switched on or switched off by the clock signal and the delay signal, the multi-path DC/DC converter is not easily influenced by the outside, EMI generated by the plurality of DC/DC circuits can be mutually counteracted to reduce the EMI radiation value of the multi-path DC/DC converter, and the normal use of the multi-path DC/DC converter is ensured. In summary, the control device of the multi-channel DC/DC converter in the disclosure includes: each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first quantity of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth quantity of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter, the PWM module outputs a second quantity of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, to control the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal, the delay module delays the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected with the delay module in series, so as to obtain the delay signal and control the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal. The switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter is controlled by different clock signals and delay signals, the EMI radiation value of the multi-path DC/DC converter can be reduced on the premise of fixed frequency, the error is small, the influence of external factors is not easy to occur, and the stability is high.
Wherein, the overvoltage protection module comprises a current-limiting resistor I, a slide rheostat I, a feedback resistor I, an operational amplifier I, a clamping diode I, a NAND gate I, a current-limiting resistor II, a slow optical coupler I and an output grounding resistor I, wherein,
one end of the current limiting resistor I is used as the input end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the current limiting resistor I is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier I;
one end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier I, and the other end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the analog ground; the output end of the operational amplifier I is connected with the input end of the NAND gate through the clamping diode I; the output end of the NAND gate is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler I through the current-limiting resistor II; and the output end of the slow optical coupler I is taken as the output end of the overvoltage protection module and led out of the module. One end of the output grounding resistor I is used as the output end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor I is grounded.
It should be noted that the over-current protection module comprises a current-limiting resistor III, a sliding rheostat II, a feedback resistor II, an operational amplifier II, a clamping diode II, a NAND gate II, a current-limiting resistor IV, a slow optocoupler II and an output grounding resistor II, wherein,
one end of the current-limiting resistor III is used as the input end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the current-limiting resistor III is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier II; one end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier II, the other end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier II in an analog mode, the output end of the operational amplifier II is connected with the input end of the NAND gate II through the clamping diode II, and the output of the NAND gate II is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler II through the current limiting resistor IV; the output end of the low-speed optocoupler device II is taken as the output end of the overcurrent protection module and led out of the overcurrent protection module; one end of the output grounding resistor II is used as the output end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor II is grounded.
In addition, the fault signal transmission circuit comprises input current limiting resistors V and VI and a quick optical coupler, wherein,
the input ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the output ends of the overvoltage protection module and the overcurrent protection module, and the other ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the input ends of the quick optocoupler devices;
and the output end of the quick optical coupler is used as the output end of the fault signal transmission circuit.
It should be noted that, the apparatus further includes a detection circuit, configured to output a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, where the second clock signal and the first clock signal enable the first duty cycle signal and the control signal to maintain the same frequency, and the feedback signal is used to detect whether a transient occurs in an input voltage of the DC/DC converter; and
a cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit electrically coupled to the PWM generator and the detecting circuit, for outputting a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal;
wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
In this embodiment, 5 independent DC/DC conversion modules are preferably used, and mainly 27V input power is converted into 5 independent voltage outputs meeting the performance index requirements, so as to meet the requirements of peripheral components and devices on power supplies. In this embodiment, the output power of the DC/DC power module according to the-5V output is small, and a flyback topology design scheme can be adopted, whereas the DC/DC power module with the +10V output, the +5V output, the +15V output and the-15V output should adopt a forward topology DC/DC converter because the output power is large. The switching power supply module in the DC/DC conversion module is an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, a high-power MOS transistor is selected for power supply output of 5V/13A, 10V/2A, 15V/2.5A and-15V/0.7A, namely preferably IRF540NPBF is an input MOS transistor, parameters of the IRF540NPBF are NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor), TO-220 packaging is carried out, IDS (34A, RGS) is 70m omega, VDS (100V) meets the requirements required by power supply output of 5V/13A, 10V/2A, 15V/2.5A and-15V/0.7A, and in addition, the bottom surface of the IRF540NPBF is metal packaging, so that heat can be transferred TO a base through a transition piece, and heat dissipation of the transistor is accelerated; for power output of-15V/0.7, -5V/0.3A, a low-power MOS transistor is selected, that is, preferably, IRF120RPBF is used as an input MOS transistor, parameters of IRF120TRPBF are used as NMOS transistors, IDS 9.6A, RGS 21m Ω and VDS 100V satisfy the above requirements, and since the output power of the circuit is small, the device itself can satisfy the heat dissipation requirement without considering the heat dissipation problem.
The PWM module adopts a UCC2803 chip, the UCC2803 is a relatively wide integrated current drive control circuit, the current control pulse width modulator overcomes the defects of slow frequency response, low voltage regulation rate and low load regulation rate of a voltage control switching power supply, and the UCC2803 circuit is simple in structure, easy to implement and in packaging structure SO-8.
The feedback circuit comprises a feedback module and a voltage reference module, and the feedback circuit comprises a sampling output circuit, an amplifying circuit and an error comparison circuit. The feedback module adopts an optical coupler (photoelectric coupler, the model is GH137) to feed back to the PWM module after sampling and outputting the output power supply, so as to control the duty ratio of a switch and adjust the output voltage; the voltage reference module adopts a reference source TL1431MDREP which is mainly used for stabilizing the output voltage and is compared with an error amplifier in the feedback module to adjust the output stable voltage. Because the input end and the output end of the optical coupler are transmitted through optical signals, the two parts are completely isolated electrically, and no feedback or interference of electric signals exists, so that the performance is stable, and the anti-interference capability is strong. The coupling capacitance between the luminous tube and the photosensitive tube is small, the withstand voltage is high, and therefore the common mode rejection ratio is high. In addition, the input resistance of the optical coupler is small, and the noise of a high internal resistance source is equivalently short-circuited. Therefore, the analog signal isolation circuit formed by the photoelectric coupler has good electrical performance. A voltage reference source TL1431MDREP is connected below the photoelectric coupler and provides a reference voltage signal, when + Vout is subjected to voltage division and then is compared with a reference voltage (2.5V) signal, when the divided voltage is higher than the reference voltage (2.5V), the photoelectric diode conducts overcurrent, the output end of the optical coupler outputs an electric signal, and the electric signal is transmitted to PWM (pulse width modulation) for pulse width regulation; similarly, when the divided voltage is lower than the reference voltage (2.5V), the photodiode is not conducted, the current is approximately 0, the output end of the optical coupler is equivalent to the off state, and the PWM has the maximum duty ratio at the moment
Wherein the detection circuit comprises:
the sawtooth wave generator is used for generating a sawtooth wave signal and adjusting the slope, height or average level of the sawtooth wave signal according to the second clock signal and the feedback signal; and
the comparator is electrically coupled to the sawtooth wave generator and used for comparing the sawtooth wave signal with a first reference voltage and generating the control signal;
the detection circuit generates the control signal cycle by cycle according to a clock cycle of the second clock signal.
In detail, the sawtooth wave generator receives a clock signal and the feedback signal, generates a sawtooth wave signal, and adjusts a slope, a height, or an average level of the sawtooth wave signal according to the feedback signal. The feedback signal is, for example, at least one of the input voltage Vin, the output voltage Vo, and the output current Io, and is used for detecting whether a transient occurs in the input voltage of the DC/DC converter. The clock signal and the clock signal keep the first duty ratio signal and the control signal at the same frequency.
The comparator compares the sawtooth wave signal with a reference voltage Vref and outputs a control signal to the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit according to the comparison result.
And generating a second duty ratio signal according to the first duty ratio signal and the control signal.
In detail, the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit respectively receives the first duty ratio signal and the control signal and outputs a second duty ratio signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit may be implemented by an and circuit. The cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit respectively receives the first duty ratio signal and the control signal, and performs logic AND operation on the first duty ratio signal and the control signal to output a second duty ratio signal.
When the input voltage is kept constant, the control signal is at a high level, and the second duty ratio signal is consistent with the first duty ratio signal. When the input voltage has transient, the control signal is a square wave pulse signal, and the second duty ratio signal is a signal obtained by performing logical AND operation on the first duty ratio signal and the control signal.
A DC-DC adaptive power supply conversion control method comprises the following steps:
step 1: when a fault condition is detected, an output switch of the DC/DC converter is closed, and meanwhile, a fault signal is transmitted to the microprocessor; judging whether the fault signal is a continuous fault or not, if the fault signal still exists in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, judging that the fault signal is the continuous fault signal, and turning off the PWM output signal by the microprocessor;
if the fault signal disappears in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, the fault signal is judged to be a non-continuous fault signal, and the microprocessor continues to output a PWM signal;
step 2: outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases through the PWM module, wherein the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, so that each clock signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal; delaying the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module through the delay module to obtain a delay signal, so that the delay signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal;
each output end of the second number of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first number of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth number of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relation;
and step 3: the output voltage adjusting circuit receives the output voltage of the DC/DC converter and generates a duty ratio adjusting signal according to the output voltage;
the PWM generator generates a first duty ratio signal according to a first clock signal and the duty ratio adjusting signal;
the detection circuit outputs a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is used for detecting whether the input voltage of the DC/DC converter has transient, and the second clock signal and the first clock signal enable the first duty ratio signal and the control signal to keep the same frequency; the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit outputs a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal; wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being understood that the embodiments described are part of the invention, and not all of it. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The invention is not intended to be limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A DC-DC adaptive power supply is characterized by comprising a DC/DC converter module, a microprocessor module, a voltage detection unit, a filtering module, an auxiliary power supply module, a feedback circuit, a current detection unit, an overvoltage protection module, an overcurrent protection module, a fault signal transmission circuit, a fault protection action circuit, a PWM module and a first number of delay modules;
the DC/DC converter module and the auxiliary power supply module are respectively connected with the filtering module, the PWM module is respectively connected with the auxiliary power supply module and the DC/DC conversion module, and the feedback circuit is respectively connected with the power output end and the PWM module.
The output of the DC/DC converter module is connected with the input of the voltage and current detection unit;
the output of the voltage and current detection unit is connected with the input of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module;
the output of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is connected with the input of the fault signal transmission circuit;
the output of the fault signal transmission circuit is respectively connected with the input of the fault protection action circuit and the input of the microprocessor module;
the output of the microprocessor module is connected with the input of the PWM output module;
the output of the PWM output module is connected with the input of the DC/DC converter module;
each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module is respectively connected with a third quantity of delay modules of the first quantity of delay modules in series, each output end of the second quantity of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first quantity of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth quantity of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter, the fourth quantity is equal to the sum of the first quantity and the second quantity, and the first quantity is equal to the product of the second quantity and the third quantity;
the PWM module is used for outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, and each clock signal is used for controlling the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal;
the delay module is configured to delay the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module to obtain a delay signal, where the delay signal is used to control the switch of the multi-channel DC/DC converter to be turned on or off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal.
2. A DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein each of the second number of outputs of the PWM module and the outputs of each of the first number of delay modules is connected to a fourth number of switches of the multi-channel DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relationship, and the corresponding relationship is determined according to the output current of the multi-channel DC/DC converter, the phases of the second number of clock signals and the phases of the first number of delay signals.
3. The DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein the overvoltage protection module comprises a current limiting resistor I, a slide rheostat I, a feedback resistor I, an operational amplifier I, a clamping diode I, a NAND gate I, a current limiting resistor II, a slow optocoupler I and an output ground resistor I, wherein,
one end of the current limiting resistor I is used as the input end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the current limiting resistor I is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier I;
one end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier I, and the other end of the slide rheostat I is connected with the analog ground; the output end of the operational amplifier I is connected with the input end of the NAND gate through the clamping diode I; the output end of the NAND gate is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler I through the current-limiting resistor II; and the output end of the slow optical coupler I is taken as the output end of the overvoltage protection module and led out of the module. One end of the output grounding resistor I is used as the output end of the overvoltage protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor I is grounded.
4. The DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein the over-current protection module comprises a current-limiting resistor III, a sliding rheostat II, a feedback resistor II, an operational amplifier II, a clamping diode II, a NAND gate II, a current-limiting resistor IV, a slow optocoupler II and an output ground resistor II,
one end of the current-limiting resistor III is used as the input end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the current-limiting resistor III is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier II; one end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier II, the other end of the sliding rheostat II is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier II in an analog mode, the output end of the operational amplifier II is connected with the input end of the NAND gate II through the clamping diode II, and the output of the NAND gate II is connected with the input end of the slow optocoupler II through the current limiting resistor IV; the output end of the low-speed optocoupler device II is taken as the output end of the overcurrent protection module and led out of the overcurrent protection module; one end of the output grounding resistor II is used as the output end of the overcurrent protection module, and the other end of the output grounding resistor II is grounded.
5. A DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein the fault signal transmission circuit includes input current limiting resistors V, VI and a fast optocoupler, wherein,
the input ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the output ends of the overvoltage protection module and the overcurrent protection module, and the other ends of the current-limiting resistors V and VI are respectively connected with the input ends of the quick optocoupler devices;
and the output end of the quick optical coupler is used as the output end of the fault signal transmission circuit.
6. A DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 1, further comprising a detection circuit for outputting a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, wherein the second clock signal and the first clock signal keep the first duty cycle signal and the control signal at the same frequency, and the feedback signal is used for detecting whether a transient occurs in the input voltage of the DC/DC converter; and
a cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit electrically coupled to the PWM generator and the detecting circuit, for outputting a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal;
wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
7. A DC-DC adaptive power supply according to claim 6, wherein the detection circuit comprises:
the sawtooth wave generator is used for generating a sawtooth wave signal and adjusting the slope, height or average level of the sawtooth wave signal according to the second clock signal and the feedback signal; and
the comparator is electrically coupled to the sawtooth wave generator and used for comparing the sawtooth wave signal with a first reference voltage and generating the control signal;
the detection circuit generates the control signal cycle by cycle according to a clock cycle of the second clock signal.
8. A DC-DC adaptive power supply conversion control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: when a fault condition is detected, an output switch of the DC/DC converter is closed, and meanwhile, a fault signal is transmitted to the microprocessor; judging whether the fault signal is a continuous fault or not, if the fault signal still exists in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, judging that the fault signal is the continuous fault signal, and turning off the PWM output signal by the microprocessor;
if the fault signal disappears in the next period of the signal received by the microprocessor, the fault signal is judged to be a non-continuous fault signal, and the microprocessor continues to output a PWM signal;
step 2: outputting a second number of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases through the PWM module, wherein the phase difference of any two clock signals is an integral multiple of a preset phase, so that each clock signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the clock signal; delaying the clock signal output by the output end of the PWM module connected in series with the delay module through the delay module to obtain a delay signal, so that the delay signal controls the switch of the multi-path DC/DC converter to be switched on or switched off according to the frequency and the phase of the delay signal;
each output end of the second number of output ends of the PWM module and each output end of the first number of delay modules are respectively connected with a fourth number of switches of the multi-path DC/DC converter according to a preset corresponding relation;
and step 3: the output voltage adjusting circuit receives the output voltage of the DC/DC converter and generates a duty ratio adjusting signal according to the output voltage;
the PWM generator generates a first duty ratio signal according to a first clock signal and the duty ratio adjusting signal;
the detection circuit outputs a control signal according to a second clock signal and a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is used for detecting whether the input voltage of the DC/DC converter has transient, and the second clock signal and the first clock signal enable the first duty ratio signal and the control signal to keep the same frequency; the cycle-by-cycle adjusting circuit outputs a second duty cycle signal according to the first duty cycle signal and the control signal; wherein the feedback signal is at least one of an input voltage of the DC/DC converter and an output current of the DC/DC converter.
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