CN111562976A - GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration method and system for radar imaging of electrically large-sized target - Google Patents
GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration method and system for radar imaging of electrically large-sized target Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration method for radar imaging of an electrically large target, which is used for quickly imaging an electrically large complex target detected by a radar by using a graphics processor and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, establishing a geometric model of the electrically large-size complex target according to radar working parameters acquired by the radar; step S2, performing initial mesh generation on the surface of the geometric model through GMSH to form a plurality of triangular structures; step S3, calculating a scattered field received by the electrically large-size complex target at a receiving antenna of the radar according to the triangular structure and a plane wave incident field obtained in advance through a physical optical method, and distributing calculation tasks in the calculation process to a GPU for parallel calculation; and step S4, combining all scattered fields and the geometric model by a fast back projection method to obtain a radar imaging result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radar imaging, and particularly relates to a GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration method and system for radar imaging of an electrically large-size target.
Background
For a complex target in a radar monitoring multi-interference environment, the method has the characteristic of complex physical structure, belongs to an electric large-size range, and has the advantages that a high-frequency approximation method is selected in the past, such as a Kirchhoff tangent plane method, a geometric optics method, a physical optics method, a geometric diffraction theory, a physical diffraction theory, a ray tracing method and the like. However, the accuracy is not comparable to the numerical method. The numerical method requires a large computer memory and a long calculation time, and the bottleneck of the computer hardware level limits the application of the numerical method for a long time.
On the other hand, the computational advantages of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), which have powerful computational power and very high memory bandwidth, have been highlighted over the last few years, all of which have led GPUs to be successfully applied to other complex computational problems from special parallel multi-core processors. In particular, the TESLA system product cuda (computer unified device architecture) developed by Nvidia provides a simple and efficient way to massively utilize resources on a GPU in parallel.
It is reported in the literature that GPU-based accelerated computing in the field of electromagnetic computing has done a lot of work. In the work on accelerated computational electromagnetism using a GPU, graphical electromagnetic computation (GRECO) is the first to accelerate the computation of the first order fringing field of the visible surface and wedges of the target using graphical hardware. However, the method is used for estimating the radar scattering cross section of a single complex target, and the universality is not enough; even to specify certain usage rights for the user.
In order to better adapt to the problem diversity of multi-interference environment composite scattering in practical engineering research, a quick and effective real-time target monitoring system simulation software is developed, and GPU hardware acceleration and parallel computation are adopted to realize the full polarization radar imaging simulation of a complex target from the mechanism of electromagnetic scattering of the complex target.
Chinese patent No. 201210334304.2 discloses a GPU-based back projection dual-station synthetic aperture radar imaging method, which improves the imaging processing efficiency by optimizing the hierarchical parameter of the conventional fast factorization back projection method, compared with the conventional fast factorization back projection method; on the other hand, the imaging task is separated into a plurality of independent subtask groups, so that the GPU carries out parallel processing on the subtask groups, and the processing efficiency is improved.
However, this approach has several drawbacks: firstly, the back projection algorithm adopted by the method is high in complexity, and for a complex target, the subdivision number of a target surface element is extremely large, so that for a certain calculation accuracy requirement, the internal memory of a computer is still obviously insufficient under the method, and the calculation time is too long; secondly, the patent does not contain a display platform for displaying geometric data, illumination and texture characteristics of a complex three-dimensional target, so that a high-resolution imaging effect is difficult to obtain; thirdly, the patent copies the distance-compressed data into the memory space of the GPU, resulting in a reduced processing speed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and overcome the defects and defects of the high-resolution radar imaging technology in the existing multi-interference environment, the invention provides a GPU acceleration method and a system which can more efficiently carry out rapid radar imaging on large-size and complex targets, and the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration method for radar imaging of an electrically large target, which is used for quickly imaging an electrically large complex target detected by a radar by using a graphics processor and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, establishing a geometric model of the electrically large-size complex target according to radar working parameters acquired by the radar; step S2, performing initial mesh generation on the surface of the geometric model through GMSH to form a plurality of triangular structures; step S3, calculating a scattered field received by the electrically large-size complex target at a receiving antenna of the radar according to the triangular structure and a plane wave incident field obtained in advance through a physical optical method, and distributing calculation tasks in the calculation process to a GPU for parallel calculation; and step S4, combining all scattered fields and the geometric model by a fast back projection method to obtain a radar imaging result. Wherein, step S3 includes the following substeps: step S3-1, calculating a triangular structure irradiated by incident waves in a plurality of triangular structures as a triangular structure to be calculated according to a plane wave incident field acquired in advance; s3-2, sequentially acquiring the triangular structures to be calculated and distributing the triangular structures to each thread of the GPU; step S3-3, the thread obtains the calculation parameters of the triangle structure according to the distributed triangle structure to be calculated; and step S3-4, the thread calculates the scattered field parameters of the triangular structure to be calculated in the direction of each receiving antenna according to the distributed triangular structure to be calculated and the corresponding calculation parameters.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large-sized targets provided by the present invention may further have the following technical features, wherein in step S3, the principle of calculating the scattered field by the physical optical method is as follows: when the frequency of the incident wave is f, the corresponding wavelength λ of the incident wave is c/f, the angular wave number k is 2 pi/λ, and the form of the incident wave is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
unit vector of incident electric field
Which is the direction of propagation of the incident wave,
is an initial value that depends on the polarization direction of the incident wave,
in order to be incident to the magnetic field,
is the initial value of the incident magnetic field, j denotes the imaginary part, mu0The magnetic permeability is vacuum magnetic permeability, c is free space light velocity, r is distance parameter, further, calculating the incident wave direction of the large-size complex target
The far-field scattered wave generated by the upper part is recorded as S on the surface of the geometric model, and the calculated gravity center of the triangular structure is
The unit normal vector is
Then pair
In a computing environment using the PO approximation if
Directly irradiated by incident wave, triangular structure for calculating surface current density at gravity center
Can be approximated as:
in the entire surface S, the portion irradiated with the incident wave is denoted as S1Due to the existence of the area current density, in
Field point in direction
(r->Infinity) generated far-field scattered waves are:
accordingly, the fringe field parameters
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,0is the vacuum dielectric constant.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of an electrically large target provided by the present invention may further have a technical feature that, in step S3-3, the thread acquires the calculation parameters of the triangle structure to be calculated according to the triangle structure to be calculated and stores the calculation parameters in the register of the GPU.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large-sized targets provided by the present invention may further have the technical feature that in step S2, the initial mesh subdivision on the surface of the geometric model is completed by setting subdivision types, bin subdivision sizes and calculating frequency parameters through the GMSH.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of an electrically large target provided by the present invention may further have a technical feature that, in step S4, when imaging is performed by a fast back projection method, edge filtering is performed on the geometric model by using a hanning window function.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of the electrically large-size target can also have the technical characteristic that the effect of edge filtering is optimized by adjusting and testing the parameters of the Hanning window function.
The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of the electrically large-size target can also have the technical characteristics that the electrically large-size complex target is a target with the physical size far larger than the wavelength of the radar working frequency band in a high-frequency area, and the ratio of the physical size to the wavelength is larger than 10.
The GPU acceleration method for electrically large-size target radar imaging, provided by the invention, can also have the technical characteristics that the application range of a high-frequency area is 1-2GHz in an L wave band and 2-4GHz in an S wave band.
The invention provides a GPU (graphics processing unit) acceleration system for radar imaging of an electrically large target, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the radar is used for detecting the electrically large-size complex target so as to generate radar working parameters; the central processing unit is used for processing the radar working parameters so as to image the electrically large-size complex target; a graphic processor having a plurality of thread processing units for calculating a calculation task generated when the central processor processes radar working parameters, wherein the central processor has a working parameter acquisition part, a geometric model construction part, a model mesh division part, a calculation task generation part, a central side communication part and an imaging result display part, the graphic processor further has a graphic side control part, a radar imaging part and a graphic side communication part, the working parameter acquisition part acquires radar working parameters from the radar, the geometric model construction part constructs a geometric model of an electrically large complex target according to the radar working parameters, the model mesh division part performs initial mesh division on the surface of the geometric model to form a plurality of triangular structures, the calculation task generation part sequentially generates corresponding calculation tasks according to the triangular structures, and the central processing communication part sequentially transmits the calculation tasks to the graphic processor, the image processing control part receives calculation tasks in sequence and distributes the calculation tasks to idle thread processing units, the thread processing units calculate corresponding triangular structures according to the calculation tasks so as to obtain a plurality of scattered field parameters corresponding to the triangular structures, the radar imaging part obtains all scattered field parameters of large-size complex targets and images the scattered field parameters through a fast backward projection imaging algorithm and a Hanning window edge filtering method so as to obtain radar imaging results, the image side communication part sends the radar imaging results to the central processing unit, and the imaging result display part displays the received radar imaging results.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the GPU acceleration method and the system for radar imaging of the electrically large-size target, disclosed by the invention, as the composite scattering model of the target in a multi-interference environment is established, and the CUDA program of an Nvidia TESLA system product is applied to subdivide the model into smaller blocks so as to refine data to be processed by an algorithm, the calculation complexity of calculating each block is further simplified through a physical optical method, and finally the data obtained by calculation is synthesized through accumulation so as to quickly image the target, the calculation process of the model is simplified by the method disclosed by the invention, and the acceleration of solving is realized essentially; meanwhile, the GPU is adopted, a plurality of threads are created in the initialization parallel environment of the GPU to process each block of the target model, each thread can calculate the block and store the calculation result into the shared cache, and therefore the calculation efficiency of the full-polarization SAR imaging process is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a supporting facility planning assistance system based on real population indicators according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a CPU according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a Global Hawk drone in an embodiment of the present invention after being split;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a graphics processor in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large targets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of radar imaging results based on a GPU acceleration method and an original CPU calculation method in the embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of example calculation acceleration on 4 electrically large complex objects by the GPU acceleration system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large-sized targets of the invention is specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
< example >
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a GPU acceleration system for radar imaging of an electrically large target in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a GPU acceleration system 100 for radar imaging of an electrically large target has a radar apparatus 1, a central processor 2, and a graphic processor 3.
The radar device 1 is used for detecting electrically large-sized complex targets so as to generate radar working parameters. In the present embodiment, the radar selected by the radar apparatus 1 is a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).
In this embodiment, the electrically large complex target is a target having a physical size far larger than a wavelength of a radar operating frequency band in a high frequency region, and a ratio of the physical size to the wavelength is larger than 10, for example, a Global Hawk drone, a stealth aircraft, an aircraft carrier, or other targets. The application range of the high-frequency region is 1-2GHz in an L wave band and 2-4GHz in an S wave band.
The central processing unit 2 is used for processing the radar working parameters generated by the radar device 1 so as to image the large-size complex target. In this embodiment, the CPU 2 and the graphic processor 3 are a CPU and a GPU provided in one computer and connected to each other, and the computer is connected to the radar device 1 and capable of data communication.
The graphic processor 3 is used for calculating the calculation tasks generated when the central processing unit 2 processes the radar working parameters, so that the most time-consuming step in the whole calculation process is accelerated to calculate through the graphic processor 3. In this embodiment, the graphics processor 3 has a plurality of thread processing units, and can perform parallel processing on the calculation tasks generated by the central processing unit 2.
In this embodiment, the GPU selected by the graphics processor 3 is GeForce210 of Nvidia. The GPU is programmed by adopting CUDA, the CUDA computer Capability supported by the GPU is 1.2, and the theoretical floating point operation speed is 67 GFLOPS. The GPU requires that the computational process be broken up into multiple threads (threads) to be performed in parallel, each 32 threads being in a group (warp) (i.e. thread processing unit) that execute the same instructions synchronously in SIMD fashion, with different groups running independently, but can access the high-speed shared memory in units of thread blocks (blocks) comprising multiple groups.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a central processing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the central processing unit 2 includes a working parameter acquisition unit 21, a geometric model construction unit 22, a model mesh segmentation unit 23, a calculation task generation unit 24, an imaging result display unit 25, a central-side communication unit 26, and a central-side control unit 27.
The central communication unit 26 exchanges data between the respective components of the central processing unit 2 and between the central processing unit 2 and other devices, and the central control unit 27 controls operations of the respective components of the central processing unit 2.
The operation parameter acquiring unit 21 is configured to acquire the radar operation parameter generated by the radar device 1. In this embodiment, the working parameter acquiring unit 21 acquires a radar working parameter generated when the radar device 1 detects a Global Hawk drone.
The geometric model constructing unit 22 is configured to construct a geometric model of the electrically large and complicated target based on the radar operating parameters acquired by the operating parameter acquiring unit 21.
The model mesh segmentation unit 23 is used to perform initial mesh segmentation on the surface of the geometric model to form a plurality of triangular structures.
In this embodiment, the model mesh division unit 23 performs initial mesh division on the surface of the geometric model by using a division type, a surface element division size, and a calculation frequency parameter which are set in advance in the GMSH, thereby forming a plurality of triangular structures. The triangular structures are triangles that constitute the surface of the geometric model, each having three vertices, wherein the resulting triangular structure needs to be split much less than a wavelength (i.e., less than 1/10 wavelengths) due to computational requirements. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a Global Hawk drone (hereinafter referred to as Global Hawk model) of a Global Hawk drone, and the statistical data of the Global Hawk model are as follows: there are 18620 nodes, 55658 edges and 37120 bins.
The calculation task generating unit 24 is configured to sequentially generate corresponding calculation tasks from the respective triangular structures.
In this embodiment, the calculation task generating unit 24 gives the trigonometric function, the floating-point addition, and the multiplication, which are mainly used in the calculation process, to the GPU as the calculation task to perform the calculation.
The imaging result display section 25 is for displaying the radar imaging result received from the graphic processor 3. In this embodiment, the central processing unit 2 is further connected to a display, and the imaging result display unit 25 displays the radar imaging result through the display.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a graphics processor in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the graphics processor 3 has a plurality of thread processing units 31, a radar imaging section 32, a graphics-side communication section 33, and a graphics-side control section 34.
The graphics-side communication unit 33 exchanges data between the components of the graphics processor 3 and between the graphics processor 3 and other devices, and the graphics-side control unit 34 controls the operations of the components of the graphics processor 3.
In this embodiment, the process based on GPU calculation includes: firstly, converting geometric data and pixel data in a geometric model of an electrical large-size complex target into fragments (namely rasterization); secondly, processing in graphic application (namely a rendering program) through vertexes and fragment programs of all triangular structures of the geometric model; the processing of the fragments can flexibly select the register combiner and the fragment program, thereby realizing complex operation. The two main programmable components in the graphics Processor 3 are Vertex processors (Vertex Processor Units) and Fragment Processor (Fragment Processor Units). During the rendering process, each vertex and fragment processor executes the same vertex and fragment program copy, and computes multiple vertex and fragment data in parallel, so as to realize the data-level parallel of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD). In the graphics pipeline, vertex processing converts 3D vertices to screen 2D space, rasterization finds pixels corresponding to each primitive to generate uncolored fragments, fragment processing steps color each fragment, and finally blending each fragment to generate the final displayed image.
The thread processing unit 31 is configured to process the calculation tasks generated by the central processing unit 2.
In this embodiment, the graphics-side controller 34 allocates the thread processing units 31 according to the computation tasks received from the central processing unit 2, that is, the graphics-side controller 34 schedules between the thread groups currently loaded in the GPU, so as to execute other groups of instructions during the period when a certain group waits for the result of the computation or the memory access, thereby implementing the process of computing by fully utilizing the computation resources.
In this embodiment, the process of calculating the scattered field of the electrically large and complex target is analyzed by a Physical Optical (PO) method to obtain a corresponding calculation formula (i.e., a calculation task) in the calculation process, so that the graphic processor 3 performs calculation according to the corresponding calculation formula to obtain the scattered field parameters, and the principle is as follows:
if the frequency of the incident wave (i.e., the incident plane wave) is f, the corresponding incident wave wavelength λ is c/f, the angle wave number k is 2 pi/λ, and the form of the incident wave is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
unit vector of incident electric field
Which is the direction of propagation of the incident wave,
is an initial value that depends on the polarization direction of the incident wave,
in order to be incident to the magnetic field,
is the initial value of the incident magnetic field, j denotes the imaginary part, mu0Is the vacuum magnetic conductivity, c is the free space light velocity, and r is the distance parameter.
Further, calculating the direction of the incident wave of the electrically large-size complex target in a specified direction
The far-field scattered wave generated at the upper part,
noting that the surface of the geometric model is S, the calculated gravity center of the triangular structure is
The unit normal vector is
Then pair
In a computing environment using the PO approximation if
Directly irradiated by incident wave, triangular structure for calculating surface current density at gravity center
Can be approximated as:
in the entire surface S, the portion irradiated with the incident wave is denoted as S1Due to the existence of the area current density, in
Field point in direction
(r->Infinity) generated far-field scattered waves are:
accordingly, the fringe field parameters
(i.e., the scattering electric field) is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,0is a vacuum mediumElectrical coefficient.
Will be given in formula (6)
Factor e in-jkrOmitting/4 π r to obtain a signal corresponding to frequency f and incident direction
And direction of scattering
The vector of (2) and the polarization direction vector of the scattered wave are subjected to dot product, and the result can be used for imaging.
In this embodiment, the calculation task generated by the central processing unit 2 includes data used for calculation, specifically including data used for calculation
Equal individual parameters, and the following array:
nodes: dividing the x, y and z coordinates of each vertex after the target surface is divided;
elems: subscripts of three vertexes of each triangular structure in the nodes array after the target surface is split;
polE _ s: each scattering direction
The two directions of polarization of the scattered waves to be considered.
When the thread processing unit 31 acquires a calculation task and calculates a corresponding one of the triangle structures, the calculation process includes two loops, i.e., a loop for each of the triangle structures in S1 and a loop for each of the triangle structures
The cycle of (2). For each triangle structure, the thread processing unit 31 reads each vertex coordinate from the memory and calculates the gravity center
Normal vector
The parameters need to consume a considerable amount of time, so that the embodiment equally distributes the triangular structures to each thread when performing the parallelization preprocessing on the GPU, and after each thread completes the preprocessing on each divided triangular structure, the preprocessing intermediate result is stored in the shared memory, and the intermediate result is stored in the shared memory
Stored in a register so that the thread processing unit 31 can only perform the preprocessing step of reading the parameters once, thereby avoiding the waste of efficiency caused by reading for many times, and then starting to read the triangle structure for all
The scattered field contributed in the direction is calculated. Specifically, during preprocessing, each thread processes a triangle structure and stores the result in the shared memory, and then executes a double loop (assigned to each thread in the thread block), and the outer loop pair
And reading the triangle structure into a register, and performing the preprocessing on each triangle structure by inner-layer circulation.
In this embodiment, the process of processing a triangle structure by each thread processing unit 31 is specifically shown in steps S3-1 to S3-4.
And step S3-1, calculating a triangular structure irradiated by the incident wave in the plurality of triangular structures as a triangular structure to be calculated according to the plane wave incident field acquired in advance.
And step S3-2, sequentially acquiring the triangular structures to be calculated and distributing the triangular structures to each thread of the GPU.
In step S3-3, the thread processing unit 31 obtains the calculation parameters of the triangle structure to be calculated according to the triangle structure to be calculated and stores the calculation parameters into the register of the GPU.
In step S3-4, the thread processing unit 31 calculates the fringe field parameters of the to-be-calculated triangular structure in the directions of the radar receiving antennas according to the assigned to-be-calculated triangular structure and the corresponding calculation parameters, and stores the fringe field parameters in the shared memory of the GPU.
In this embodiment, the scattering characteristics of the current electrically large and complex target can be synthesized by the scattered field parameters of the respective triangular structures stored in the shared memory in different directions, so that imaging is completed by a fast back projection method.
The radar imaging part 32 is used for acquiring all scattered field parameters of the electrically large complex target from the shared memory and imaging through a fast back projection imaging algorithm and a Hanning window edge filtering method so as to obtain a radar imaging result
In this embodiment, the radar imaging unit 32 performs combined imaging on all scattered fields and the geometric model by a fast back projection method (FBP), and further performs edge filtering on the geometric model by a hanning window function, thereby obtaining a radar imaging result. The parameters of the hanning window function used by the radar imaging section 32 for edge filtering are preset, and the effect of edge filtering is optimized by a parameter adjustment test in advance. The parameter adjustment test is to select proper parameters to extract the characteristics of the large-size complex target, establish the corresponding relation between the scattering characteristics of the target and the geometric structural characteristics of the target, thereby providing image data verification for target identification and obtaining proper parameters according to the verification result.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large targets according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large-sized targets includes the following steps:
step S1, establishing a geometric model of the electrically large complex target according to the radar working parameters obtained from the radar device 1, and then entering step S2;
step S2, performing initial mesh generation on the surface of the geometric model through GMSH and preset generation related parameters to form a plurality of triangular structures, and then entering step S3;
step S3, analyzing a calculation process of calculating a scattered field received by an electrically large-size complex target at a receiving antenna of a radar according to a triangular structure and a plane wave incident field obtained in advance through a physical optical method, so as to obtain a calculation task in the calculation process, distributing the calculation task to a GPU for parallel calculation, and then entering step S4;
and step S4, combining all scattered fields and the geometric model by a fast back projection method to obtain a radar imaging result, and ending the step.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of radar imaging results based on a GPU acceleration method and an original CPU calculation method in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of example calculation acceleration on 4 electrically large complex objects by the GPU acceleration system in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, the effect of the acceleration method for imaging the electrically large target radar by the GPU in this embodiment is shown by taking a Global Hawk Global eagle drone and several classical examples as examples.
FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the GPU hardware acceleration algorithm followed by the original CPU-based algorithm radar imaging results. The computer configuration environment for performing the comparison operation is as follows: an Intel Core i5-2300(2.8GHz) CPU; and a block of NVIDIA GeForce210 GPU. As can be seen from the results of fig. 6, there is no difference in the operation results of the two operation methods (GPU-based and CPU-based), but the operation of the GPU is 15.85 times faster than that of the CPU in terms of the operation speed.
In addition, fig. 7 shows the effect of 4 electrically large-sized complex target calculations (Global Hawk unmanned plane, F-16 fighter, F-117 stealth plane, CVN-76 rengen aircraft carrier) on calculation acceleration by using the GPU (Speed Up cube column in the figure represents acceleration multiple), and it can be seen from the figure that the calculation Speed of the GPU is kept about 15 times the CPU Speed in the hardware environment, and the acceleration result is very obvious, and meanwhile, tests show that the radar imaging effect is also very ideal when the calculation formula is introduced into the GPU for calculation imaging by the method of the present invention.
Examples effects and effects
According to the GPU acceleration method and system for radar imaging of the electrically large-size target, provided by the embodiment, the composite scattering model of the target in a multi-interference environment is established, the CUDA program of an Nvidia TESLA system product is applied to subdivide the model into smaller blocks (namely triangular structures), so that data to be processed by an algorithm is refined, the calculation complexity of each block in calculation is further simplified through a physical optical method, and finally the data obtained by calculation is synthesized through accumulation so that the target is rapidly imaged; meanwhile, the GPU is adopted, a plurality of threads are created in the initialization parallel environment of the GPU to process each block of the target model, each thread can calculate the block and store the calculation result into the shared cache, and therefore the calculation efficiency of the full-polarization SAR imaging process is further improved.
In the embodiment, the imaging process of the target is analyzed and calculated by the physical optical method, so that the calculation complexity of the calculation process is effectively reduced, the calculation process which is the most time-consuming in the radar imaging process is simplified, the speed of the whole imaging process is accelerated, and meanwhile, when the scattered field of the electrically large and complex target is calculated by the physical optical method, the addition and multiplication of a trigonometric function and a floating point are mainly operated, so that the method is more suitable for being realized by using a GPU.
In this embodiment, the currently processed triangle structure of each thread is stored in the register, so that the time for calling the parameter of the triangle structure in the calculation process is reduced.
In the embodiment, the geometric model during imaging is subjected to edge filtering through the Hanning window function, so that final imaging of the electrically large and complex target is optimized.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description of the above-described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of an electrically large target is used for rapidly imaging an electrically large complex target detected by a radar by using a graphics processor, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, establishing a geometric model of the large-size and complex target according to the radar working parameters acquired by the radar;
step S2, performing initial mesh generation on the surface of the geometric model through GMSH to form a plurality of triangular structures;
step S3, calculating the scattered field received by the electrically large-size complex target at the receiving antenna of the radar according to the triangular structure and the plane wave incident field acquired in advance through a physical optical method, and distributing the calculation tasks in the calculation process to a GPU for parallel calculation;
step S4, all the scattered fields and the geometric model are combined and imaged through a fast back projection method to obtain a radar imaging result,
wherein the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
step S3-1, calculating the triangular structure irradiated by the incident wave in the plurality of triangular structures as a triangular structure to be calculated according to the plane wave incident field acquired in advance;
s3-2, sequentially acquiring the triangular structure to be calculated and distributing the triangular structure to each thread of the GPU;
step S3-3, the thread obtains the calculation parameters of the triangle structure according to the distributed triangle structure to be calculated;
and step S3-4, the thread calculates the scattered field parameters of the triangular structure to be calculated in the direction of each receiving antenna according to the triangular structure to be calculated and the corresponding calculation parameters.
2. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S3, the principle of calculating the scattered field by the physical optical method is as follows:
when the frequency of the incident wave is f, the corresponding wavelength λ of the incident wave is c/f, and the angular wave number k is 2 pi/λ, the form of the incident wave is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
unit vector of incident electric field
Which is the direction of propagation of the incident wave,
is an initial value that depends on the polarization direction of the incident wave,
in order to be incident to the magnetic field,
is the initial value of the incident magnetic field, j denotes the imaginary part, mu0Is the vacuum magnetic conductivity, c is the free space light velocity, r is the distance parameter,
further, calculating the direction of the electrically large-size complex target in a specified direction relative to the incident wave
The far-field scattered wave generated at the upper part,
noting that the surface of the geometric model is S, the triangleCalculated center of gravity of the structure
The unit normal vector is
Then pair
In a computing environment using the PO approximation if
Directly illuminated by the incident wave, the calculated surface current density at the center of gravity of the triangular structure
Can be approximated as:
in the entire surface S, a portion irradiated with the incident wave is denoted as S1Due to the presence of the area current density, in
Field point in direction
(r->Infinity) generated far-field scattered waves are:
accordingly, the fringe field parameters
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,0is the vacuum dielectric constant.
3. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S3-3, the thread acquires the calculation parameters of the triangle structure to be calculated according to the triangle structure to be calculated and stores the calculation parameters in the register of the GPU.
4. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S2, the initial mesh generation of the surface of the geometric model is completed by setting a generation type, a surface element generation size, and a calculation frequency parameter through the GMSH.
5. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 1, characterized in that:
wherein, in the step S4, when imaging is performed by the fast back projection method, the geometric model is further subjected to edge filtering by a hanning window function.
6. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 5, characterized in that:
and adjusting and testing parameters of the Hanning window function so as to optimize the effect of the edge filtering.
7. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the electrically large complex target is a target with a physical size far larger than the wavelength of the radar working frequency band in a high-frequency region, and the ratio of the physical size to the wavelength is larger than 10.
8. The GPU acceleration method for radar imaging of electrically large objects according to claim 7, characterized in that:
wherein the application range of the high-frequency region is 1-2GHz in an L wave band and 2-4GHz in an S wave band.
9. A GPU acceleration system for radar imaging of electrically large-sized targets, comprising:
the radar is used for detecting the electrically large-size complex target so as to generate radar working parameters;
the central processing unit is used for processing the radar working parameters so as to image the electrically large-size complex target;
a graphics processor having a plurality of thread processing units for computing computation tasks generated when the central processor processes the radar operating parameters,
wherein the central processing unit comprises a working parameter acquisition unit, a geometric model construction unit, a model mesh division unit, a calculation task generation unit, a central communication unit, and an imaging result display unit,
the graphics processor further has a graphics-side control section, a radar imaging section, and a graphics-side communication section,
the operating parameter acquiring unit acquires the radar operating parameter from the radar,
the geometric model constructing part constructs a geometric model of the electrically large complex target according to the radar working parameters,
the model mesh subdivision part carries out initial mesh subdivision on the surface of the geometric model to form a plurality of triangular structures,
the calculation task generation unit sequentially generates corresponding calculation tasks based on the respective triangular structures,
the central processing communication section sequentially sends the calculation tasks to the graphic processor,
the graphics processing control unit receives the computing tasks in sequence and assigns them to the idle thread processing units,
the thread processing unit calculates the corresponding triangular structure according to the calculation task so as to obtain a plurality of scattered field parameters corresponding to the triangular structure,
the radar imaging part acquires all the scattered field parameters of the electrically large-size complex target and performs imaging through a fast back projection imaging algorithm and a Hanning window edge filtering method to obtain a radar imaging result,
the graphic-side communication section transmits the radar imaging result to the central processing unit,
the imaging result display part displays the received radar imaging result.
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