CN111562614A - Oil and gas transport aggregation simulation method based on breaking structure explanation - Google Patents
Oil and gas transport aggregation simulation method based on breaking structure explanation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111562614A CN111562614A CN202010331496.6A CN202010331496A CN111562614A CN 111562614 A CN111562614 A CN 111562614A CN 202010331496 A CN202010331496 A CN 202010331496A CN 111562614 A CN111562614 A CN 111562614A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil and gas gathering simulation method based on a breaking structure explanation, which comprises the following steps of: s1, selecting an advantageous interval for oil and gas migration to be in reservoir according to the oil field analysis result, and selecting a simulation layer in the advantageous interval to carry out construction and interpretation; s2, judging the plugging property of the first normal fault by combining fracture analysis of the normal fault when the first normal fault is encountered; when the positive fault is blocked, an isochronous structure explanation is adopted after the positive fault is crossed; when the normal fault is not blocked or partially blocked, selecting a leakage point and starting to perform breaking structure explanation from the leakage point; s3, sequentially carrying out plugging judgment and construction interpretation on each subsequently encountered normal fault until the construction interpretation of all fault blocks in the simulation layer is completed, and iterating to form a new construction interpretation simulation layer; and S4, carrying out oil and gas gathering simulation based on the construction interpretation simulation layer. The oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation method based on the fracture structure interpretation disclosed by the invention is more in line with objective oil and gas migration rules and is more consistent with actual drilling results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil and gas transportation and gathering simulation method, in particular to an oil and gas transportation and gathering simulation method based on a breaking structure explanation.
Background
The fluid migration is based on the fluid potential, and in the case of considering only the gravitational potential energy, the direction of fluid migration is perpendicular to the formation contour line from the high potential region to the low potential region of the fluid. The existing oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation method is mainly based on fluid potential simulation carried out on a certain isochronous structural plane, but underground oil and gas do not always migrate along the isochronous structural plane, and actually oil and gas migration is three-dimensional, dynamic and staged. The challenges faced by the existing methods are: when the stratum has positive fault blocking, oil and gas are difficult to migrate from a fault descending disc (a fluid low potential area) to a fault ascending disc (a fluid high potential area) from a fault crossing layer, so that the simulated oil and gas migration distance is very limited and often does not accord with a real drilling result, and the boundary of an oil and gas containing system is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil and gas migration simulation method based on a break-through structure explanation, which better accords with objective oil and gas migration rules.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the oil and gas gathering simulation method based on the breaking structure explanation comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an advantageous interval for oil and gas migration to be in reservoir according to the oil field analysis result, and selecting a simulation layer in the advantageous interval to carry out construction and interpretation;
s2, when the first normal fault is encountered in the construction and interpretation, judging the plugging performance of the normal fault by combining the fracture analysis of the normal fault;
when the positive fault is blocked, adopting an isochronous structure explanation after crossing the positive fault; when the normal fault is not blocked or partially blocked, selecting a leakage point and starting to perform breaking structure explanation from the leakage point;
s3, sequentially carrying out plugging judgment and construction interpretation on each subsequently encountered normal fault until the construction interpretation of all fault blocks in the simulation layer is completed, and iterating to form a new construction interpretation simulation layer;
and S4, carrying out oil and gas gathering simulation based on the construction interpretation simulation layer.
Preferably, the favorable interval is an interval formed by overlapping an oil gas rich interval, an interval with high sand content and an interval with poor fracture plugging property.
Preferably, the fracture analysis of the positive fault comprises at least one of lithologic configuration analysis, fault distance size statistics and fault plugging effect.
Preferably, the lithological configuration analysis includes analyzing whether sandstone of the upwelling disc stratum and mudstone of the downwelling disc stratum correspond to each other in the normal fault; when the sandstone of the ascending disc stratum corresponds to the mudstone of the descending disc stratum, the positive fault is blocked.
Preferably, in step S2, within the first segment of the simulation horizon, a constructive interpretation is performed using the selected easy-to-track seismic reflection axis on the seismic section until the first normal fault is encountered.
Preferably, in step S2, when performing the breaking structure interpretation, the structure interpretation is performed in the descent tray formation of the normal fault by using the easy-to-track seismic reflection axis selected on the seismic section until the structure interpretation encounters the next normal fault.
Preferably, the seismic reflection axis is a reflection event that is distinctive of wave group characteristics, prominent in signature, easy to identify and compare, stable in waveform, and continuously traceable over most of the laterals.
Preferably, the oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation of step S4 includes the steps of:
s4.1, simulating the hydrocarbon generation amount of the hydrocarbon generation depressions;
s4.2, simulating oil and gas transportation and gathering;
and S4.3, outputting the result.
Preferably, in step S2, the method further includes performing landform reconstruction on the fault block in the simulated slice, and determining the blocking performance of the normal fault by fracture analysis in combination with the landform reconstruction.
Preferably, the landform reconstruction includes at least one of paleotectonic restoration and migration path analysis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a new simulation layer is constructed by a breaking structure explanation according to the plugging property of the normal fault, and oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation is carried out by using the simulation layer obtained by the breaking structure explanation, so that the problem that when fluid potential oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation is carried out on the basis of a certain one-time structure layer, oil and gas are difficult to migrate from a fault descending disc (a fluid low potential area) to a fault ascending disc (a fluid low potential area) from a fault crossing layer is solved, the objective oil and gas migration rule is better met, and the actual drilling result is better matched.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating different structural explanatory modes selected by positive fault plugging in the present invention;
fig. 2a and b are schematic perspective and plane views of a simulation layer of a certain area according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3a and b are schematic diagrams respectively showing the results of the conventional simulation of a certain region shown in fig. 2 and the iterative traversal simulation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to an oil and gas gathering simulation method based on a breaking structure explanation, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting favorable intervals for oil and gas migration to be deposited according to the analysis result of the oil field (drilling well and oil field), and selecting a simulation layer in the favorable intervals for structural interpretation.
The favorable interval is an interval formed by overlapping an oil gas layer, a sand content layer and a fracture plugging layer. The oil gas shows rich intervals, intervals with high sand content and intervals with poor fracture plugging performance can be obtained from the analysis results.
And S2, when the first normal fault is encountered in the structural explanation, judging the plugging performance of the normal fault by combining the fracture analysis of the normal fault.
Specifically, within a first block of the simulation horizon, a constructive interpretation is performed using a selected, tractable seismic reflection axis on the seismic section until the first positive fault is encountered.
The fracture analysis of the normal fault comprises at least one of lithologic configuration analysis, fault distance size statistics and fault plugging effect. The lithological configuration analysis comprises the steps of analyzing whether sandstone of a rising disc stratum and mudstone of a falling disc stratum correspond to each other in a normal fault; when the sandstone of the ascending disc stratum corresponds to the mudstone of the descending disc stratum, the normal fault is blocked.
When the positive fault is blocked, an isochronous structure explanation is adopted after the positive fault is crossed. When the normal fault is not blocked or partially blocked, a leak point is selected and the fracture structure interpretation is carried out from the time/depth position of the leak point.
During conventional seismic interpretation, a reflection wave event with obvious wave group characteristics, prominent marks, easy identification and comparison, stable waveform and continuous tracking on most side lines is selected from a seismic section to carry out seismic horizon interpretation, and generally represents a time stratum interface or a structural stratum interface, so that the seismic horizon interpretation is called as isochronous structural interpretation.
The breakthrough structure interpretation refers to that in a fault block, starting from a seismic section, reflected wave event homophase axes which are obvious in wave group characteristics, prominent in mark, easy to identify and compare, stable in waveform and capable of being continuously tracked on most side lines are selected to carry out seismic horizon interpretation. After crossing the fault, starting from the leak point and starting from the seismic section, selecting another reflection wave event with obvious wave group characteristics, prominent mark, easy identification and comparison, stable waveform and continuous tracking on most side lines to develop seismic horizon interpretation.
In this step S2, when performing the through-fracture structural interpretation, the structural interpretation is performed within the dip pan formation of the normal fault using the easy-to-trace seismic reflection axis (different from the seismic reflection axis selected in the first fault block) selected on the seismic section until the structural interpretation encounters the next normal fault. The seismic reflection axis is a reflection wave in-phase axis which has obvious wave group characteristics, prominent marks, easy identification and comparison, stable waveform and continuous tracking on most of side lines.
Alternatively, the step S2 may further include performing landform reconstruction on the fault block in the simulated slice, and determining the blocking performance of the normal slice through fracture analysis and landform reconstruction. The landform reconstruction includes at least one of paleotectonic restoration and migration path analysis.
Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a portion of a selected simulation level with two normal faults F1, F2, an isochronous construct level H1 formed by an isochronous construct interpretation, a new simulation level H2 formed by a break-through construct interpretation; the illustrated portion is divided into two segments connected in series by positive faults F1, F2. In the first fault block structure range on the left, the structural explanation is carried out by selecting easy-to-track seismic reflection axes on a seismic section, as shown in an H1 layer in (a) of FIG. 1. When the first positive fault F1 is encountered in the construction explanation, the plugging performance of the positive fault F1 is judged. If the normal fault F1 is blocked and crosses the normal fault F1, in the second fault block, the original isochronous structural interpretation is used to develop the structural interpretation, and the isochronous structural level H1 is used to develop the structural interpretation, as shown in FIG. 1 (b). If the positive fault F1 is not blocked, starting from the time/depth position of the leak point, the broken structure interpretation starts after crossing the positive fault F1, and the structure interpretation is carried out with the broken structure interpretation, i.e. the dashed extension of the H1 level of the first fault block, in the second fault block, a new simulated level H2 is constructed until a second positive fault F2 is encountered, as shown in fig. 1 (c).
And S3, sequentially carrying out plugging judgment and construction interpretation on each subsequently encountered normal fault until the construction interpretation of all fault blocks in the simulation layer is completed, and iteratively forming a new construction interpretation simulation layer.
In step S3, the above-mentioned step S2 is referred to for the judgment of the sealing property and the structural explanation of the normal fault.
And S4, carrying out oil and gas migration simulation based on the structure interpretation simulation layer, and judging the migration path of oil and gas after passing through the normal fault.
The oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation comprises the following steps:
s4.1, hydrocarbon generation amount of simulated hydrocarbon generation pits: starting a Petroleum Systems module of Petrel software, selecting parameters such as a dry root type, total organic matter abundance, hydrocarbon index and the like of the hydrocarbon source rock, and selecting a geothermal gradient of the hydrocarbon source rock.
S4.2, simulating oil and gas transportation and gathering:
selecting whether the hydrocarbon-bearing depression is a hydrocarbon oil or a hydrocarbon gas;
selecting a source rock boundary, which parameter may embody advantages of the invention, includes: a certain fracture is hooked through the source rock, and the range of the source rock is correspondingly adjusted along with the extension of the fracture on the plane;
selecting the constructed simulation layer, referring to drilled wells, and selecting approximate porosity, net-to-gross ratio, water saturation and the like of the simulation rock interval;
selecting a cover layer parameter;
for the areas with rich drilling data, parameters such as the fluid density of the simulated rock stratum, the density of mineral water containing dissolved gas, the density of purified water and the like can be selected for control.
S4.3, outputting a result: selecting result options needing to be output, wherein the options comprise outputting hydrocarbon oil or hydrocarbon gas, displaying whether a migration path is displayed or not and the like; and obtaining a final simulation result.
The invention is further illustrated by the following application examples.
Example 1
Taking a certain region shown in fig. 2 as an example, geological analysis shows that at the H3 level, the fault f1 is poor in plugging performance (the plugging performance degree is shown by black shading in fig. 2 a), oil and gas are easy to leak, and the oil and gas transversely pass through the fault f1 as shown in fig. 2a (the upper graph), so that H3 is selected for through-fracture structure interpretation (not according to the isochronal level), and a through-fracture structure interpretation plane is formed as shown in fig. 2b (the lower graph). Similarly, the faults f2, f3 and … are sequentially iterated to construct the interpretation (as shown in fig. 2b), so as to construct a new simulation level. On the basis of the oil and gas gathering simulation, the simulation process considers that f1 and f2 are broken to hook through deep source rocks and extend far on a plane (as shown in figure 3 a), so that the simulation cannot be simply carried out according to the distribution range of the deep source rocks, and the effective source rock range is expanded properly. After targeted analysis adjustment, the simulation results are shown in fig. 3 b.
Limited by a rupture groove (groove obstruction) at the north side of the A1 structure, the oil and gas migration simulation result obtained by the traditional method shows that oil and gas can not continuously migrate to the north from the A1 structure, and the A3 and A4 structures can not be gathered into a reservoir. The simulation results of oil and gas migration and accumulation obtained by the method of the present invention (fig. 3b) show: the A1 structure, the A3 structure and the A4 structure can be gathered and hidden, and are consistent with the actual drilling result. Faults F1, F2 in fig. 3 correspond to faults F1, F2 in fig. 2.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation method based on a breaking structure explanation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting an advantageous interval for oil and gas migration to be in reservoir according to the oil field analysis result, and selecting a simulation layer in the advantageous interval to carry out construction and interpretation;
s2, when the first normal fault is encountered in the construction and interpretation, judging the plugging performance of the normal fault by combining the fracture analysis of the normal fault;
when the positive fault is blocked, adopting an isochronous structure explanation after crossing the positive fault; when the normal fault is not blocked or partially blocked, selecting a leakage point and starting to perform breaking structure explanation from the leakage point;
s3, sequentially carrying out plugging judgment and construction interpretation on each subsequently encountered normal fault until the construction interpretation of all fault blocks in the simulation layer is completed, and iterating to form a new construction interpretation simulation layer;
and S4, carrying out oil and gas gathering simulation based on the construction interpretation simulation layer.
2. The hydrocarbon transportation and accumulation simulation method based on the fracture configuration interpretation of claim 1, wherein the favorable interval is an interval in which the hydrocarbon display rich interval, the sand content high interval and the fracture blocking performance poor interval are overlapped.
3. The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation method based on a perforated configuration interpretation of claim 1, wherein the fracture analysis of the normal fault comprises at least one of lithology configuration analysis, fault distance size statistics, and fault plugging effect.
4. The breakthrough formation interpretation-based hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation method of claim 3, wherein the lithological configuration analysis comprises analyzing whether sandstone of a rising disc formation and mudstone of a falling disc formation in the normal fault correspond; when the sandstone of the ascending disc stratum corresponds to the mudstone of the descending disc stratum, the positive fault is blocked.
5. The method for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation based on perforated tectonic interpretation of claim 1, wherein in step S2, in the first block of the simulation horizon, tectonic interpretation is carried out by using the seismic reflection axis selected to be easy to track on the seismic section until the first normal fault is encountered.
6. The method for simulating hydrocarbon migration and accumulation based on perforated tectonic interpretation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, when perforated tectonic interpretation is performed, tectonic interpretation is performed in the subsidence tray stratum of the normal fault by using the easy-to-track seismic reflection axis selected on the seismic profile until the tectonic interpretation meets the next normal fault.
7. The perforated formation interpretation-based hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation method of claim 6, wherein the seismic reflection axis is a reflection event that is distinct in wave group characteristics, prominent in signature, easy to identify and compare, stable in waveform, and continuously traceable over most of the side lines.
8. The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation method based on the perforated configuration interpretation as recited in claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation of the step S4 includes the steps of:
s4.1, simulating the hydrocarbon generation amount of the hydrocarbon generation depressions;
s4.2, simulating oil and gas transportation and gathering;
and S4.3, outputting the result.
9. The method for simulating oil and gas migration and accumulation based on broken structure interpretation as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, further comprising performing landform reconstruction on the fault blocks in the simulated horizon, and judging the plugging performance of the normal fault by combining fracture analysis and landform reconstruction in step S2.
10. The breakthrough formation interpretation-based hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation method of claim 9, wherein the landform reconstruction includes at least one of paleostructural restoration and migration path analysis.
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