CN111559742A - Method for improving stability of carbon nano tube - Google Patents
Method for improving stability of carbon nano tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN111559742A CN111559742A CN201911351454.2A CN201911351454A CN111559742A CN 111559742 A CN111559742 A CN 111559742A CN 201911351454 A CN201911351454 A CN 201911351454A CN 111559742 A CN111559742 A CN 111559742A
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
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- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the stability of a carbon nano tube, which comprises the following steps: ultrasonic dispersion of carbon nano tubes in water, mixed acid impurity removal, washing of the carbon nano tubes by deionized water, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol and drying to obtain carbon nano tubes A; then adding the carbon nano tube A into an ethanol water solution, adding lignosulfonate after uniformly mixing, fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating and inoculating, and adding a surfactant to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; and (4) drying the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid in vacuum to obtain the carbon nano tube. According to the invention, the lignosulfonate is used for dispersing and inoculating the carbon nano tube, so that the dispersion stability of the carbon nano tube is enhanced, and the obtained dispersion liquid has high stability and wide applicable range; the invention solves the problems of easy agglomeration and difficult dispersion of the carbon nano tube in the aqueous solution, and obtains the carbon nano tube dispersoid with high stability and high concentration; the improved method of the invention has simple process and is easy to realize large-scale application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon nanotubes, in particular to a method for improving the stability of a carbon nanotube.
Background
The carbon nano tube as a one-dimensional nano material has light weight, perfect connection of a hexagonal structure and a plurality of abnormal mechanical, electrical and chemical properties, and has wide application prospect continuously shown with the deep research of the carbon nano tube and the nano material in recent years.
Carbon nanotubes exhibit insulating, conductive or semiconducting properties depending on their inherent chirality. Carbon nanotubes have a structure in which carbon atoms are strongly covalently bonded to each other. Due to this structure, the carbon nanotube has tensile strength about 100 times that of steel, high flexibility and elasticity, and chemical stability. Carbon nanotubes are of industrial importance in the manufacture of composites due to their size and specific physical properties. Carbon nanotubes can find wide application in a variety of fields. For example, carbon nanotubes are suitable for use in secondary batteries, fuel cells, electrodes for electrochemical storage devices, electromagnetic wave shielding cases, field emission displays, and gas sensors.
However, the catalytic metal used to manufacture the carbon nanotubes is considered to be an impurity during subsequent use of the carbon nanotubes and reduces the basic physical properties (e.g., thermal and chemical stability) of the carbon nanotubes. Therefore, a method of carbon nanotubes having improved basic physical properties is required. The surface of the carbon nano tube is chemically inert, lacks active groups and has low solubility in water or organic solvent; in addition, the carbon nano tube has the characteristics of large specific surface area and large length-diameter ratio, so that the carbon nano tube is easy to agglomerate and wind in a solvent, and the application of the carbon nano tube is severely limited by the combination of the factors. Therefore, it is important and crucial to fully utilize the carbon nanotubes to enhance various properties of the composite material and to solve the problem of good stability of the carbon nanotubes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for improving the stability of carbon nanotubes and the stability of a dispersion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the stability of carbon nanotubes comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nano tubes into water for ultrasonic treatment to obtain dispersed suspension;
(2) adding a certain amount of mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 90-110 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2-4h, cooling to room temperature, washing the carbon nanotube solution with deionized water for 2-3 times, soaking with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2-4h, filtering, and drying the carbon nanotube in an oven at 60-100 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube A;
(3) adding the carbon nano tube A into an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, fully and uniformly mixing, adding lignosulfonate, fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating to 50-75 ℃, inoculating for 1-3h, adding a surfactant, and uniformly mixing to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
(4) and (3) putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a vacuum oven with the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for drying for 1-4h to obtain the carbon nano tube.
Preferably, the mixed acid in the step (2) is a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid (volume ratio is 2:1), and the molar concentration of the acid after the mixed acid is added into the suspension is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
Preferably, the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the step (3) is formed by mixing 1 volume of ethylene glycol and 3-4 volumes of water; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube A to the ethylene glycol aqueous solution is 1 (8-12).
Preferably, the surfactant in step (3) is one of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC).
Preferably, the lignosulfonate in the step (3) is one or more of calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate and iron-chromium lignosulfonate; the molecular weight of the lignosulfonate is 5000-10000.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the added lignosulfonate to the carbon nanotubes A in the step (3) is (8-10) to 1; after the surfactant is added, the molar concentration of the surfactant is 0.1-0.3 mol/L.
In the invention, the carbon nano tube is ultrasonically dispersed and then mixed with acid, so that active substance particles (including a catalyst) and impurities in the surface of the dispersed carbon nano tube can be removed. The carbon nano tubes are washed by deionized water and then soaked by absolute ethyl alcohol, so that the carbon nano tubes can be relatively dispersed, no bonding is generated, and the drying efficiency is improved.
According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristics of amphipathy and a cyclic conjugated structure of lignosulfonate, under the condition of a water phase, lignosulfonate can be used as a dispersing agent for preparing the carbon nano tube, and can form pi-pi conjugation with the carbon nano tube through an aromatic ring structure of lignosulfonate, so that lignosulfonate is adsorbed to the surface of the carbon nano tube; meanwhile, the negative charge of the sulfonate in the lignosulfonate forms a double-electric-layer structure on the surface of the carbon nano tube, and the aggregation between the carbon nano tubes is effectively avoided through the electrostatic action; on the other hand, the lignosulfonate has a unique three-dimensional network structure and has larger steric hindrance compared with a straight-chain type high molecular surfactant. Therefore, the lignosulfonate can effectively prevent agglomeration between the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nano-tube is fully dispersed by inoculation at 50-75 ℃. The surfactant (CTAB/CTAC) used in the invention can be used as a stabilizer firstly, so that the reaction system is dispersed uniformly, agglomeration among particles is prevented, and on the other hand, if the concentration of the carbon nano tubes in the system is higher, the CTAB/CTAC can tend to control the isotropy of the carbon nano tubes, so that the isotropy of the carbon nano tubes is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the lignosulfonate is used for dispersing and inoculating the carbon nano tube, so that the dispersion stability of the carbon nano tube is enhanced, and the obtained dispersion liquid has high stability and wide applicable range;
(2) the invention solves the problems of easy agglomeration and difficult dispersion of the carbon nano tube in the aqueous solution, and obtains the carbon nano tube dispersoid with high stability and high concentration;
(3) the improved method has simple process and short preparation period, and is easy to realize large-scale application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
(1) 1 part by weight of carbon nanotubes was added to 10 parts by weight of water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dispersed suspension.
(2) Adding a certain amount of mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 90 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3h, cooling to room temperature, washing the carbon nanotube solution with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for 3h, filtering, and drying the carbon nanotube in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube A;
the mixed acid is a mixed solution (volume ratio is 2:1) of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and the molar concentration of the acid after the mixed acid is added into the suspension is 0.5 mol/L; the dosage of the deionized water is 1 time of the mass of the carbon nano tube solution each time.
(3) Adding the carbon nano tube A into an ethanol aqueous solution, fully and uniformly mixing, adding lignosulfonate (calcium lignosulfonate with the molecular weight of 5000-10000), fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating to 75 ℃, inoculating for 2h, adding a surfactant (CTAB), and uniformly mixing to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
the mixing ratio of ethanol and water in the ethanol water solution is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube A to the ethanol water solution is 1: 8; the mass ratio of the added lignosulfonate to the carbon nano tube A is 8: 1; after the surfactant is added, the molar concentration of the surfactant is 0.1 mol/L.
The apparent color of the obtained carbon nanotube dispersion liquid was dark black, and the concentration was 3.8 g/L. The Zeta potential of the dispersion was determined to be-58.3 mV, and no precipitate was observed after centrifugation at 5000r/min for 20min using a centrifuge. The carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is proved to have better stability.
(4) And (3) putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 4 hours to obtain the carbon nano tube.
The original carbon nano tube has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 515 ℃ to 625 ℃. The carbon nano tube treated by the method of the invention has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 535 ℃ to 670 ℃.
Example 2
(1) 1 part by weight of carbon nanotubes was added to 15 parts by weight of water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dispersed suspension.
(2) Adding a certain amount of mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 100 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h, cooling to room temperature, washing the carbon nanotube solution with deionized water for 3 times, soaking with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2h, filtering, and drying the carbon nanotube in an oven at 100 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube A;
the mixed acid is a mixed solution (volume ratio is 2:1) of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and the molar concentration of the acid after the mixed acid is added into the suspension is 1.0 mol/L; the dosage of the deionized water is 1 time of the mass of the carbon nano tube solution each time.
(3) Adding the carbon nano tube A into an ethanol aqueous solution, fully and uniformly mixing, adding lignosulfonate (sodium lignosulfonate with the molecular weight of 5000-10000), fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating to 60 ℃, inoculating for 3h, adding a surfactant (CTAC), and uniformly mixing to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
the mixing ratio of ethanol and water in the ethanol water solution is 1: 4; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube A to the ethanol water solution is 1: 12; the mass ratio of the added lignosulfonate to the carbon nano tube A is 10: 1; after the surfactant is added, the molar concentration of the surfactant is 0.2 mol/L.
The apparent color of the obtained carbon nanotube dispersion liquid was dark black, and the concentration was 3.2 g/L. The Zeta potential of the dispersion was determined to be-62.8 mV, and no precipitate was observed after centrifugation at 5000r/min for 20min using a centrifuge. The carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is proved to have better stability.
(4) And (3) putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a vacuum oven with the temperature of 80 ℃ for drying for 2.5 hours to obtain the carbon nano tube.
The original carbon nano tube has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 515 ℃ to 625 ℃. The carbon nano tube treated by the method of the invention has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 525 ℃ to 665 ℃.
Example 3
(1) 1 part by weight of carbon nanotubes was added to 20 parts by weight of water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dispersed suspension.
(2) Adding a certain amount of mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 110 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 4h, cooling to room temperature, washing the carbon nanotube solution with deionized water for 2 times, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for 4h, filtering, and drying the carbon nanotube in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube A;
the mixed acid is a mixed solution (volume ratio is 2:1) of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and the molar concentration of the acid after the mixed acid is added into the suspension is 1.5 mol/L; the dosage of the deionized water is 1 time of the mass of the carbon nano tube solution each time.
(3) Adding the carbon nano tube A into an ethanol aqueous solution, fully and uniformly mixing, adding lignosulfonate (iron-chromium lignosulfonate with the molecular weight of 5000-10000), fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating to 50 ℃, inoculating for 1h, adding a surfactant (CTAB), and uniformly mixing to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
the mixing ratio of ethanol and water in the ethanol water solution is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube A to the ethanol water solution is 1: 10; the mass ratio of the added lignosulfonate to the carbon nano tube A is 9: 1; after the surfactant is added, the molar concentration of the surfactant is 0.3 mol/L.
The apparent color of the obtained carbon nanotube dispersion liquid was dark black, and the concentration was 3.0 g/L. The Zeta potential of the dispersion was determined to be-56.7 mV, and no precipitate was observed after centrifugation at 5000r/min for 20min using a centrifuge. The carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is proved to have better stability.
(4) And (3) putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h to obtain the carbon nano tube.
The original carbon nano tube has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 515 ℃ to 625 ℃. The carbon nano tube treated by the method of the invention has obvious thermal weight loss phenomenon from 530 ℃ to 670 ℃.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes, modifications and alterations to the disclosed technology are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the stability of carbon nanotubes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nano tubes into water for ultrasonic treatment to obtain dispersed suspension;
(2) adding a certain amount of mixed acid into the suspension, heating to 90-110 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2-4h, cooling to room temperature, washing the carbon nanotube solution with deionized water for 2-3 times, soaking with absolute ethyl alcohol for 2-4h, filtering, and drying the carbon nanotube in an oven at 60-100 ℃ to obtain a carbon nanotube A;
(3) adding the carbon nano tube A into an ethanol water solution, fully and uniformly mixing, adding lignosulfonate, fully stirring, uniformly mixing, heating to 50-75 ℃, inoculating for 1-3h, adding a surfactant, and uniformly mixing to obtain a stably dispersed carbon nano tube dispersion liquid;
(4) and (3) putting the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid into a vacuum oven with the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for drying for 1-4h to obtain the carbon nano tube.
2. The method for improving the stability of the carbon nano tube according to claim 1, wherein the mixed acid in the step (2) is a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid (volume ratio is 2:1), and the molar concentration of the acid after the mixed acid is added to the suspension is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the step (3) is formed by mixing 1 volume of ethylene glycol and 3-4 volumes of water; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube A to the ethylene glycol aqueous solution is 1 (8-12).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant in step (3) is one of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC).
5. The method for improving the stability of the carbon nano tube according to the claim 1, wherein the lignosulfonate in the step (3) is one or more of calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate and iron-chromium lignosulfonate; the molecular weight of the lignosulfonate is 5000-10000.
6. The method for improving the stability of the carbon nano tubes, according to the claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the added lignosulfonate to the carbon nano tubes A in the step (3) is (8-10): 1; after the surfactant is added, the molar concentration of the surfactant is 0.1-0.3 mol/L.
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Cited By (2)
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Application publication date: 20200821 |