CN111559257A - 增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法 - Google Patents

增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法 Download PDF

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CN111559257A
CN111559257A CN202010436042.5A CN202010436042A CN111559257A CN 111559257 A CN111559257 A CN 111559257A CN 202010436042 A CN202010436042 A CN 202010436042A CN 111559257 A CN111559257 A CN 111559257A
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engine
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李忠利
韦宇豪
杨永军
杨淑君
高永生
陈修櫆
刘小峰
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法，涉及混合动力汽车技术领域，采用两个离合器，发动机、发电机之间加离合器Ⅰ，发电机、电动机之间加入离合器Ⅱ，同时给出了发动机额定功率匹配方法、发电机额定功率匹配方法、电动机额定功率匹配方法、电池容量匹配方法。本发明有益效果：计算效率高、车辆性能优化效果显著。

Description

增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法
技术领域
本发明属于混合动力汽车技术领域，具体涉及增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法。
背景技术
现如今世界石油产量下降，且国家加大对环境的环保力度，汽车行业在此前推出纯电动汽车之后，现如今解决纯电动续航问题推出增程式混合动力汽车。当前增程式混合动力汽车技术发展较快。在车企开发增程式混合动力车型时，传动系统的参数匹配是一个关键问题。增程式混合动力汽车传动参数匹配计算效率高低直接影响车辆性能。因此设计一种增程式混合动力汽车的整体结构和参数匹配方法是必要的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供增程式混合动力汽车及其参数匹配方法，解决目前增程式混合动力汽车传动参数匹配计算效率低的问题，优化车辆性能。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：增程式混合动力汽车，包括依次连接的发动机、发电机、电动机、减速装置、主减速器、差速器、半轴和车轮，发电机通过发电机控制器与动力电池连接为动力电池充电，动力电池通过电动机控制器与电动机连接，所述发动机与发电机之间连接离合器Ⅰ，所述发电机与电动机之间连接离合器Ⅱ。
增程式混合动力汽车的参数匹配方法，包括：
（1）发动机额定功率匹配：发动机车速在100-120km/h等速行驶时，处于经济工作区，以100-120km/h等速行驶时，根据阻力公式计算阻力功率P e ：QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002A
其中， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004A
为汽车半载质量， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006A
为重力加速度， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008A
为滚阻系数，与车速有关， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010A
为空阻系数， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012A
为迎风面积， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014A
为等速行驶时的车速，n t 表示汽车的传动效率；
将此时的阻力功率作为发动机的经济功率点，查发动机万有特性图，找到经济功率为该阻力功率P e 的发动机，再查看该发动机的额定功率是多少，根据额定功率，选择发动机型号；
（2）发电机额定功率匹配：把发动机的万有特性和外特性符合到发电机特性图上，找出兼顾发动机效率和发电机效率的区间，则发电机将发动机的经济功率作为发电机额定功率，并以此选择发电机的型号；
（3）电动机额定功率匹配：汽车加速时所消耗的功率最大，采用2个离合器，且不要求加速性能时，电动机采用与发电机相同参数，即电动机的额定功率与发电机额定功率相同，并以此选择电动机型号；要求加速性能时，电动机功率选择大于发电机的功率；
（4）动力电池容量匹配：计算以下三个条件下的充电或者放电电流值，取电流最大的电池容量进行匹配：
a、两个电机同时作为电动机时的放电电流；
b、电池续航不少于100公里纯电里程的放电电流；
c、最大制动力矩时的充电电流。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明增程式混合动力汽车结构及参数匹配方法使发动机、发电机、电动机功率变小，电池容量变大；同时没有复杂的变速器，可有效降低成本；提高了发动机、发电机、电动机的负荷率，有利于他们效率的提高，同时减低重量和成本；可以纯电长距离行驶，插电，符合国家政策导向；加大电池可以使系统全功率能量回收，更有利于节能。
附图说明
图1为本发明增程式混合动力汽车的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式（实施例）进行描述，使本领域的技术人员能够更好地理解本发明。
如图1所示，增程式混合动力汽车，包括依次连接的发动机、发电机、电动机、减速装置、主减速器、差速器、半轴和车轮，发电机通过发电机控制器与动力电池连接为动力电池充电，动力电池通过电动机控制器与电动机连接，所述发动机与发电机之间连接离合器Ⅰ，所述发电机与电动机之间连接离合器Ⅱ。
所述的增程式混合动力汽车的参数匹配方法，包括：
（1）发动机额定功率匹配：发动机车速在100-120km/h等速行驶时，处于经济工作区，以100-120km/h等速行驶时，根据阻力公式计算阻力功率P e ： QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002AAA
其中， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004AAA
为汽车半载质量， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006AAA
为重力加速度， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008AAA
为滚阻系数，与车速有关， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010AAA
为空阻系数， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AAA
为迎风面积， QUOTE
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AA
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014AAA
为等速行驶时的车速，n t 表示汽车的传动效率；
将此时的阻力功率作为发动机的经济功率点，查发动机万有特性图，找到经济功率为该阻力功率P e 的发动机，再查看该发动机的额定功率是多少，根据额定功率，选择发动机型号；
（2）发电机额定功率匹配：把发动机的万有特性和外特性符合到发电机特性图上，找出兼顾发动机效率和发电机效率的区间，则发电机将发动机的经济功率作为发电机额定功率，并以此选择发电机的型号；
（3）电动机额定功率匹配：汽车加速时所消耗的功率最大，采用2个离合器，且不要求加速性能时，电动机采用与发电机相同参数，即电动机的额定功率与发电机额定功率相同，并以此选择电动机型号；要求加速性能时，电动机功率选择大于发电机的功率；
（4）动力电池容量匹配：计算以下三个条件下的充电或者放电电流值，取电流最大的电池容量进行匹配：
a、两个电机同时作为电动机时的放电电流；
b、电池续航不少于100公里纯电里程的放电电流；
c、最大制动力矩时的充电电流。
本发明结构采用两个离合器，即离合器Ⅰ、离合器Ⅱ。发动机经减速/增速机构、离合器Ⅰ、发电机、离合器Ⅱ、电动机、减速装置、主减速器、差速器、半轴与车轮连接。若发动机转速与发电机转速能够较好匹配，则不需要减速/增速机构，电动机可接受电池提供电能参与驱动，发电机可发电给电池充电，也可根据控制策略转换为电动机进行驱动。
发动机额定功率匹配：
本发明混合动力汽车具有如下特点：
（1）没有复杂的变速器，可有效降低成本；
（2）高速时可实现发动机直接驱动，提高高速时的传动效率；
（3）中低速时可使用串联驱动或者纯电动；
（4）高速、大功率需求时（对应车辆高速加速或高速上坡）可实现发动机、发电机、电动机三者并联驱动；
（5）高速、小功率需求时（对应车辆高速减速或高速下坡）可实现发动机单独驱动、发动机单独驱动+电机发电、电动机单独驱动等多种模式驱动；
（6）中低速大功率需求时（对应汽车中低速加速或上坡）可实现发电机（转换为电动机）+电动机并联驱动，或发动机—发电机发电，电动机单独驱动等多种模式；
（7）中低速小功率需求时：（对应汽车中低速减速、匀速、下坡）电动机单独驱动；
（8）高速制动时：可实现双电机制动或单电机制动，根据制动减速度需求而定（此时两个电机都是发电机）；
（9）中低速制动时：可使用双电机并联制动，提高电制动力矩，增加制动能量回收力度。

Claims (2)

1.增程式混合动力汽车，包括依次连接的发动机、发电机、电动机、减速装置、主减速器、差速器、半轴和车轮，发电机通过发电机控制器与动力电池连接为动力电池充电，动力电池通过电动机控制器与电动机连接，其特征在于：所述发动机与发电机之间连接离合器Ⅰ，所述发电机与电动机之间连接离合器Ⅱ。
2.如权利要求1所述的增程式混合动力汽车的参数匹配方法，其特征在于：包括：
（1）发动机额定功率匹配：发动机车速在100-120km/h等速行驶时，处于经济工作区，以100-120km/h等速行驶时，根据阻力公式计算阻力功率P e ：
Figure 353420DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
其中，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
为汽车半载质量，
Figure 677086DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
为重力加速度，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
为滚阻系数，与车速有关，
Figure 987981DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
为空阻系数，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
为迎风面积，
Figure 38983DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
为等速行驶时的车速，n t 表示汽车的传动效率；
将此时的阻力功率作为发动机的经济功率点，查发动机万有特性图，找到经济功率为该阻力功率P e 的发动机，再查看该发动机的额定功率是多少，根据额定功率，选择发动机型号；
（2）发电机额定功率匹配：把发动机的万有特性和外特性符合到发电机特性图上，找出兼顾发动机效率和发电机效率的区间，则发电机将发动机的经济功率作为发电机额定功率，并以此选择发电机的型号；
（3）电动机额定功率匹配：汽车加速时所消耗的功率最大，采用2个离合器，且不要求加速性能时，电动机采用与发电机相同参数，即电动机的额定功率与发电机额定功率相同，并以此选择电动机型号；要求加速性能时，电动机功率选择大于发电机的功率；
（4）动力电池容量匹配：计算以下三个条件下的充电或者放电电流值，取电流最大的电池容量进行匹配：
a、两个电机同时作为电动机时的放电电流；
b、电池续航不少于100公里纯电里程的放电电流；
c、最大制动力矩时的充电电流。
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